姜黄素对脂多糖激活的小胶质细胞诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的抑制作用

目的:观察姜黄素对脂多糖激活的小胶质细胞NO的产生及iNOS表达的影响.方法:用脂多糖(200 ng/ml)刺激小胶质细胞株BV的同时用不同浓度姜黄素进行干预,应用MTT方法检测细胞活性;硝酸还原酶法检测细胞上清液中NO的含量;Western-blot及免疫细胞化学染色方法检测iNOS蛋白的表达.结果:姜黄素在2.5～20 μmol/L范围内对细胞活性无影响;脂多糖作用24 h后,NO释放量明显增加,iNOS蛋白表达明显增强;使用姜黄素干预后,浓度在10 μmol/L时可以显著抑制脂多糖激活的小胶质细胞NO的产生和iNOS蛋白的表达.结论:姜黄素能够有效抑制脂多糖激活的小胶质细胞iNOS蛋白的表达以及NO的产生.     

纳洛酮对少突胶质细胞的保护作用

目的 研究纳洛酮(naloxone)对脂多糖(lipopolysacchar,LPS)激活的小胶质细胞诱导少突胶质细胞损伤的影响.方法 共培养大鼠小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞,用LPS(1μg·mL-1)刺激小胶质细胞,随后用0.1μM纳洛酮进行干预,应用免疫组化方法观察计数少突胶质细胞.结果 仅用0.1μM纳洛酮处理细胞,细胞活性基本保持不变,而当小胶质细胞被LPS激活后,与之共培养的大量的少突胶质细胞死亡(P<0.01);小胶质细胞被LPS激活,给予0.1μM纳洛酮处理后,少突胶质细胞的活细胞数显著升高(P<0.05).结论 纳洛酮能够抑制LPS激活的小胶质细胞引起的少突胶质细胞的损伤.     

汉黄芩素对脂多糖诱导的BV2细胞诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

[目的]探讨汉黄芩素对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的BV2细胞激活时所分泌的一氧化氮的产生以及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响.[方法]用10,100,500,1 000μg/L的LPS刺激小胶质细胞株BV2,并向LPS(100μg/L)中加入10,20,30μmol/L的汉黄芩素后再培养24h,采用Greiss法测定细胞外液所分泌的一氧化氮含量;应用Western-Blot及RT-PCR法分别检测iNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达.[结果]LPS高度激活BV2细胞,并且能使一氧化氮分泌增加,汉黄芩素呈剂量依赖性抑制一氧化氮的含量,同时抑制iNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达.[结论]汉黄芩素可有效抑制LPS激活的BV2细胞iNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达及一氧化氮的产生.     

雷公藤内酯醇对Aβ_(1-42)激活的小胶质细胞一氧化氮释放和诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的研究雷公藤内酯醇(triptolide,T10)对β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)1-42激活的小胶质细胞一氧化氮(nitrogenmonoxidum,NO)的产生及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的T10(10-11、10-10、10-9、10-8mol/L)预孵育小胶质细胞12 h,然后加入10μmol/L Aβ1-42共孵育12 h;Griess反应检测上清NO的含量,Western blotting检测iNOS蛋白的表达。结果 Aβ组iNOS的表达和NO释放明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。T10可明显减少Aβ诱导的小胶质细胞iNOS的表达及NO的释放(P<0.05)。结论 T10可抑制Aβ1-42激活的小胶质细胞iNOS蛋白的表达及NO的释放。     

白藜芦醇对脂多糖引起小胶质细胞激活的影响

目的:探讨白藜芦醇(Resv)抑制脂多糖(LPS)引起的小胶质细胞激活的作用及机制。方法:将小胶质细胞分为对照组、100ng/ml的LPS刺激组、25μM的Resv+LPS组、沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)-siRNA+Resv+LPS组和SC-siRNA+Resv+LPS组,24h后,采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测细胞培养上清液中促炎症因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的浓度,Western blot检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达,相差显微镜观测细胞形态。结果:LPS暴露可显著激活小胶质细胞,增加促炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的分泌和iNOS表达,细胞形态从静息状态的多角形变为激活状态的圆形,白藜芦醇可显著抑制LPS对小胶质细胞产生的上述激活作用,而SIRT1-siRNA显著逆转了白藜芦醇产生的抑制小胶质细胞激活的作用。结论:白藜芦醇可通过SIRT1减轻LPS引起小胶质细胞激活。     

黄芪对脂多糖活化小鼠巨噬细胞产生一氧化氮的影响

目的研究黄芪经水提醇沉所得提取物及黄芪甲苷对脂多糖(LPS)活化小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7细胞产生一氧化氮(NO)的影响作用,并测定提取物中黄芪甲苷的含量。方法小鼠三磷腺苷荧光试剂盒(ATPliteTM)测定黄芪提取物及黄芪甲苷对RAW 264.7细胞的毒性作用,Griss法测定样品对LPS活化RAW 264.7细胞后细胞培养液中亚硝酸盐(NO2-)的含量间接反映NO生成量,姜黄素为阳性对照。液相色谱仪测定提取物中黄芪甲苷的含量。结果黄芪提取物在200~400μg·mL-1、黄芪甲苷在10~20μg·mL-1的剂量范围内均表现出显著抑制NO生成的作用(P0.05)。每1 mg提取物中含6.1μg黄芪甲苷,400μg·mL-1提取物的抑制作用(其中含黄芪甲苷2.4μg·mL-1)与20μg·mL-1的黄芪甲苷相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论黄芪具有抑制LPS活化小鼠巨噬细胞产生NO的作用,黄芪甲苷为其效应成分之一。     

4-氨基水杨酸对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO生成的影响

目的：观察4-氨基水杨酸（4-ASA）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的RAW264.7细胞一氧化氮（NO）的生成及诱生型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）基因和蛋白表达的作用。方法采用LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞建立细胞炎症反应模型,加入不同浓度的4-ASA,采用一步法测定细胞上清中NO释放量;采用实时定量PCR法测定iNOSmRNA的表达;采用Western blot法测定目的蛋白iNOS的表达。结果100μg/mL和1000μg/mL4-ASA能明显抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO的分泌及iNOS基因和蛋白的表达（P＜0.05）。结论4-ASA可明显降低LPS 诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO的产生以及iNOS基因和蛋白的表达,从而发挥抗炎作用。     

双氢青蒿素抑制LPS诱导的小胶质细胞炎症反应

目的 观察双氢青蒿素(dih ydroartemisinin,DHA)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞神经炎症反应的影响及其机制.方法 LPS诱导BV-2小胶质细胞活化建立炎症模型,用不同浓度DHA(0.5、1、2、4μmol/L)处理细胞,CCK-8检测细胞活性;选取lμmol/L DHA干预细胞,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态的变化;RT-PCR检测iNOS、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α基因表达水平;ELISA检测培养基中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达水平;Western blot检测NF-κB、IκBα及TLR4的蛋白表达.结果 低剂量的DHA(＜2μmol/L)对BV-2细胞活性无明显影响(P＞0.05),DHA可抑制LPS引起的BV-2细胞形态变化,DHA抑制活化的BV-2细胞iNOS、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α mRNA的表达(P＜0.01),减少IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α炎症因子释放(P＜0.01),明显降低TLR4的蛋白表达,减少细胞质内IκBα的表达,并抑制NF-κB向核内移位(P＜0.01).结论 DHA可能通过作用于TLR4/NF-κB通路,抑制LPS诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞NF-κB的激活,从而抑制炎症因子的产生,发挥抗炎作用.     

白藜芦醇对脂多糖诱导的星型胶质细胞炎症损伤的保护作用

目的研究白藜芦醇(RES)对脂多糖诱导的星型胶质细胞炎症因子释放的抑制作用,探索其对中枢神经系统保护作用的可能机制。方法 GFAP免疫组化法鉴定星型胶质细胞的纯度。采用不同浓度的RES与星型胶质细胞共同培养12 h,然后进行LPS损伤24 h,检测不同实验组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量,cck-8法检测细胞存活率,Griess法检测NO释放量,Elisa法检测α-肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)表达量及Western blot法检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)蛋白的表达水平。结果离体培养的星形胶质细胞的阳性率为(95.49±1.86)%。LPS处理组细胞LDH漏出量升高,存活率降低,同时NO、TNF-α的释放量明显增加及iNOS蛋白的表达水平上调。测试浓度范围(5～50μmol/L)的RES能有效提高细胞存活率及降低LDH漏出量并呈现一定程度的剂量-反应关系。而在抑制NO、TNF-α释放及iNOS表达方面,只有25、50μmol/L的RES处理组有明显抑制作用,5μmol/L RES处理组与LPS处理组相比并无明显变化。结论较高浓度RES能明显抑制LPS诱导的星型胶质细胞炎症介质的释放,改善星型胶质细胞的炎症损伤,这种作用可能与抑制iNOS/NO的表达通路有关。     

黄芪苷对脂多糖诱导巨噬细胞一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

[摘要] 目的：研究黄芪苷对小鼠巨噬细胞一氧化氮（NO）生成和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达的影响。方法：体外培养小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7,取生长良好的细胞分别加入LPS（终浓度1μg/ml）和不同浓度黄芪苷（终浓度10,50,100μM）进行干预,并设空白对照组。取培养24h细胞上清,用Griess法检测NO生成量;取培养8h和24h细胞,分别提取细胞总RNA和蛋白,用RT-PCR法和Western Blot法检测iNOS基因和蛋白水平表达情况。结果：与空白对照组相比,LPS明显促进了RAW264.7细胞iNOS表达和NO的生成;加入黄芪苷可抑制 LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞iNOS mRNA和蛋白表达,减少NO的生成,与LPS组有显著性差别。结论：黄芪苷可明显降低LPS诱导的巨噬细胞iNOS表达和NO生成,这可能是其抗动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的作用机制之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.