宁夏汉回族健康入骨矿含量初步研究

借助单能光子骨密度仪测定了2002名宁夏汉、回族健康人尺、桡骨骨矿含量(BMC)、骨宽度(BW)及骨密度(BMD)。经统计学处理:(1)民族之间(分男女两性)均无显著差异。(2)性别之间(分汉、回两族)均有显著差异。(3)BWC、BW、BMD随年龄逐渐增加,于30～39岁之间达到高峰,平均每年BMC增加约5.0％,BW约增3.0％、BMD约增4.0％。40岁以后逐年下降,每10年,男性BMD减少0.03g/cm~2,女性减少0.06g/cm~2,两者间差异极显著(P<0.001)。(4)两性体力劳动者各项测定值均显著地高于脑力劳动者,P<0.01。(5)妇女每绝经1年,BMC平均递减0.0128g/cm,速度为1.76％;BMD平均递减0.0132g/cm~2,速度为2.09％。     

枣庄地区2604人双能X线骨密度测定分析

目的:用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)测量枣庄地区不同年龄段的正常人群前臂远端尺桡骨骨密度,以研究枣庄地区正常人群骨密度参考值。方法:双重能量放射线吸收测定技术(DEXA)前臂骨密度测定仪测量前臂的尺、桡骨末端,爆光量0.02msv,测量参数:骨矿物质含量(BMC)、骨矿物质密度(BMD)、Z-值、T-值,采用SPSS软件对数值进行处理分析。结果:枣庄地区骨量峰值出现年龄在男性为20~29岁、女性为30~39岁年龄段,50岁以后男女骨量减少均明显加剧,60岁后女性骨质疏松发病率明显高于男性。     

大连地区5—14岁健康儿童骨矿物质含量

本文应用单光子骨密度仪测定了403例5—14岁健康儿童桡骨的骨矿物质含量(BMC)、骨面密度(BMC/BW)、骨宽(BW)。结果提示:BMC 和BMC/BW 随年龄增长而明显增高,男性 BMC 与年龄呈高度相关(r=0.72),女性 BMC 与年龄呈中度相关(r=0.65),自7岁开始,女性 BMC 明显低于男性(P<0.01)。     

正常人全身骨量及人体组成变化(附292例DXA测量分析)

目的了解正常人全身骨量及人体组成变化,分析软组织成分与骨量的关系。方法选择292例正常人作为受检者,其中男性140人,女性152人;年龄10～79岁。采用双能X线骨密度仪测量全身骨矿含量(bonemineralcontent,BMC)、骨密度(bonemineraldensity,BMD)、肌组织(lean)和脂肪组织(fat)。按10岁为1个年龄组对各组数据进行统计分析。结果男性BMC、BMD、lean、fat峰值分别出现在30～39岁、20～39岁、30～39岁、70～79岁年龄组;女性则分别出现在30～39岁、30～39岁、30～49岁、50～69岁年龄组。男性BMC、BMD、lean峰值高于女性,但BMD差异无显著性(P>0.05)。女性fat峰值高于男性。女性BMC、BMD峰值后下降幅度较男性显著,男性lean峰值后下降幅度较女性显著。男性骨量与lean和体重(weight)呈高、中度相关(P<0.01),女性骨量除与lean、weight呈高、中度相关外(P<0.01),fat与BMC的相关系数r值较男性稍高。结论提供了正常人各年龄组全身骨量及人体组成的正常数据和变化特点,初步探讨了骨量与软组织成分之间的关系。     

武汉地区2886名健康人骨矿含量变化规律的研究

对武汉地区3～89岁2886名健康人进行了桡、尺骨骨矿含量的测定。发现出生后骨矿含量随增龄而逐渐升高,5～8岁是儿童增长的第一个高峰期,13～16岁是第二个高峰。20岁以后同年龄组性别不同,骨矿含量差异显著,女性普遍低于男性。男、女均于30～39岁时达到峰值骨量,以后随增龄骨矿含量逐渐下降,50岁以后女性受绝经后卵巢功能减退的影响,骨矿含量下降迅速。经常从事体育锻炼的人比同龄无运动习惯的人具有较高的骨矿含量。     

佝偻病时桡骨骨矿物质的含量

一、对象和方法按全国佝偻病防治科研协作组会议的标准,选出佝偻病初期、激期、恢复期病儿各20例,年龄3月至1(1)/(2)岁,<1岁占86.4%,男42例,女18例。同龄健康对照组20例。桡骨骨矿含量测定:采用成都计量测试研究院和华西医科大学联合研制的 SPI—Ⅰ型骨矿分析仪。测得主要参数,骨横径(BW-cm),骨线密度(BMC-g/cm)和骨面密度(BMC/BW-g/cm~2)。测量部位为右侧桡骨中,远端1/3交界处。     

绝经后骨质疏松症的预防和治疗

骨质疏松中原发性占80％以上,包括绝经后骨质疏松症和老年性骨质疏松症。青少年期骨量快速增加,不论男女,骨密度都在35～40岁达到高峰,同时男性骨量比同年龄女性高。50岁以下的女性骨量是同龄男性骨量的三分之二,40岁以后女性骨质开始以平均每年5％的速度发生溶解。绝经后3～6年骨丢失加快,65岁以后丢失减慢,骨丢失发生15～50提后约50％。髓质骨和     

西宁地区健康人骨矿物含量调查分析

目的了解西宁地区健康人各年龄段骨矿物含量正常值。方法用SD-1000单光子骨矿物测定仪窄束γ-线通过非优势侧桡、尺骨中下1/3交界处测试点横向扫描。获得骨线密度(BMC)、面密度(BMD)及桡、尺骨骨密度均值。结果1.男性的骨密度在31~40岁为峰顶,女性在41~50岁达峰;2.性成熟期(18~44岁)骨密度值最高,此后随增龄而下降;3.体重与骨矿的含量相关;4.按WHO制定的低于同性别性成熟期骨密度2.5 s为骨质疏松的诊断标准,女性老年期为此症者占24.2%,男性老年期为4.60%,女性为男性5.3倍;5.按低于同性别性成熟期骨密度1 s为低骨量,男、女老年期分别为54%、82.3%。结论1.女性骨峰值较男性晚10年;2.男女性者骨密度值在性成熟期(18~44岁)达峰,此后骨矿物质含量丢失随年龄增长增多;3.体胖者骨矿含量相对较多;4.老年期骨质疏松发生率女性比男性高5.3倍,表明性腺的衰退时间对骨矿物的丢失有重大影响;5.西宁地区低骨量的高危人群众多,应该行早期行干预治疗。*     

骨密度测定对甲状腺机能亢进的诊断价值

用 BM—4型骨密度扫描仪对40例甲状腺机能亢进(甲亢)病人和38例正常人前臂挠骨、尺骨下1/3位点线密度(BMC),面密度(BMC/BW)测定,结果正常男性 BMC2.059～2.485g/cm,女性为1.627～2.038g/cm,正常男性 BMC/BW0.788～0.957g/cm~2,女性0.792～0.829g/cm~2,甲充病人 BMC,BMC/BW 男性30岁以上年龄组及女性病人与正常对照组比较差异均有高度显著性(P<0.01)。     

正常人腰椎骨密度变化——445例QCT测量分析

分析了４４５例正常人骨密度测量值，其中男性１９０人、女，２５５人，年龄为１０～８０岁。结果表明：男、女腰椎松质骨骨密度的峰值均在１０～１９岁年龄组，女性峰值不低于男性，并随年龄增长骨密度逐渐减少；女性骨密度变化情况不同于美国女性；女性骨丢失在４０～４９岁年龄组后较为显著。认为在诸多影响骨丢失因素中，雌激素变化可能是我国妇女骨量明显丢失的最主要因素。     

上海市老年人桡、尺骨骨矿含量分析和绝经对妇女骨矿含量的影响

应用单光子吸收技术调查分析了60岁以上男性578名、女性557名桡、尺骨骨矿含量与绝经对妇女骨矿含量的影响。结果表明60岁以上的骨矿含量较30～89岁明显降低,女性年丢失率为男性的2～8倍,随增龄女性骨矿低于男性的程度越益明显,绝经年限对骨矿含量有阴显影响。老年人骨矿丢失的特点为老年保健提出了新的课题。     

正常足月孕妇骨矿物质含量的测定

用单光子吸收法对足月孕妇尺、桡骨骨矿物质含量（ＢＭＣ）、骨面密度（ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ）进行测定及作血清钙、磷的生化测定。结果显示：足月孕妇的尺、桡骨骨矿物质含量、骨面密度明显低于同年龄组的未孕妇女。主要因为妊娠胎儿的骨胳生长发育，需要孕妇向胎儿输送大量的钙离子，若母亲对钙摄入不足或吸收不良，则造成孕妇的骨矿物质含量降低，骨质疏松；而孕妇血清钙、磷降低不明显。     

中国亚热带地区汉族正常成年人骨矿含量的测量研究

使用北京麦孚新技术开发公司及技工业北京地质研究院生产的SO—200型骨矿分析仪,对中国亚热带地区海口市的正常成年人287名(其中男188名,女99名)进行了骨矿含量测量,提出了中国亚热带地区正常成年人桡尺骨骨矿含量的正常参考值,结果显示,随着年龄的增大,人体的骨矿物质(BMC)及骨密度(BD)出现逐渐下降趁势,女子下降较为明显,但骨宽度(BW)无明显变化,并将测量值与祖国北方天津市进行比较,其男、女桡尺骨骨密度含量均值分别为:海口市=0.759、0.767及0.631、0、670;天津市=0.703、0.667及0.592、0.566。t检验均呈极度显著性差异(p<0.01),提示中国亚热带地区人体的骨矿含量水平较北方为高。     

Community screening for high blood pressure among adults in urban and rural Papua New Guinea

This is a cross-sectional study conducted intermittently in Port Moresby, the National Capital District of Papua New Guinea, from 1996 to 1997; Mt Obree in Central Province in October 2000; Upper Strickland River in April 2001; and the Balopa Islands in Manus Province in December 2002. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure and identify possible risk factors for hypertension in the 'healthy' population in Port Moresby and the three rural communities. There were 1491 subjects surveyed, 704 males and 787 females. Their ages ranged from 20 to 84 years. Just over 6% of subjects were aged 65 years and above. There were 205 (14%) smokers and 340 (23%) betelnut chewers. The Central (rural) subjects were generally younger with the lowest mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures and lowest body mass index (BMI) in both males and females (no overweight or obesity). In Central and Strickland the mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were lower and remained the same in all age groups, then in females decreased with age after 55 years. The Manus (rural) subjects were older with higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures and higher mean BMI, surprisingly similar to the urban population of Port Moresby. The mean systolic blood pressures in Port Moresby and Manus increased with age in both sexes, while the mean diastolic pressure remained the same in all age groups in females and decreased after the age of 50 years. The prevalence of systolic hypertension among men and women was higher in Manus than in urban Port Moresby and, among the female subjects, Manus had the highest at 31%, while Central recorded the lowest for both males and females. The mean systolic blood pressures of betelnut chewers in Port Moresby, Manus and Central were lower (by 1-9 mmHg) but higher--in males only--in Strickland. The mean diastolic blood pressures of betelnut chewers were lower in all study sites. Both high BMI (overweight and obesity) and older age were significantly associated with high systolic blood pressure but betelnut chewing was significantly associated with lower mean SBP (p < 0.001), a protective effect against systolic hypertension.     

Overweight and obesity from childhood to adulthood: a follow-up of participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey

OBJECTIVE: To examine overweight and obesity in Australian children followed through to adulthood. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: A cohort study of 8498 children aged 7-15 years who participated in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey; of these, 2208 men and 2363 women completed a follow-up questionnaire at age 24-34 years in 2001-2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height and weight were measured in 1985, and self-reported at follow-up. The accuracy of self-reported data was checked in 1185 participants. Overweight and obesity in childhood were defined according to international standard definitions for body mass index (BMI), and, in adulthood, as a BMI of 25-29.9 and > or =30 kg/m2, respectively, after correcting for self-report error. RESULTS: In those with baseline and follow-up data, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood was 8.3% and 1.5% in boys and 9.7% and 1.4% in girls, respectively. At follow-up, the prevalence was 40.1% and 13.0% in men and 19.7% and 11.7% in women. The relative risk (RR) of becoming an obese adult was significantly greater for those who had been obese as children compared with those who had been a healthy weight (RR = 4.7; 95% CI, 3.0-7.2 for boys and RR = 9.2; 95% CI, 6.9-12.3 for girls). The proportion of adult obesity attributable to childhood obesity was 6.4% in males and 12.6% in females. CONCLUSION: Obesity in childhood was strongly predictive of obesity in early adulthood, but most obese young adults were a healthy weight as children.     

吉林省2~14岁汉族儿童血清碱性磷酸酶参考区间的建立

目的：建立吉林省2~14岁汉族儿童血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的参考区间。方法使用日立7600-210全自动生化分析仪检测1690名健康儿童(男835名,女855名)血清 ALP。Dixon 法弃离群值后,绘制分布图以判断资料是否服从正态分布。One-way ANOVA 比较各地区不同组间差异及确定是否需性别、年龄分组。非参数方法计算参考值的2.5百分位数、50百分位数和97.5百分位数,计算其90%置信区间。结果吉林省2~11岁儿童 ALP 值无性别差异,12岁后逐渐出现性别差异。ALP水平在2~4岁儿童略低,5~10岁儿童升高并相对稳定。12~14岁女孩 ALP 水平逐渐下降,而同年龄段男孩依然上升并保持在较高水平。年龄、性别合并后的参考区间包括2~4岁、5~10岁、11岁、12岁(男)、13~14岁(男)、12岁(女)、13岁(女)及14岁(女)。结论建立各地区儿童年龄、性别相关的血清 ALP 参考区间对正确评估儿童发育及分析疾病状况具有重要意义。     

Serum ferritin and the iron status of Canadians.

Serum ferritin concentration was determined in 1105 Canadians aged 1 to 90 years. Geometric mean values (ng/ml) were as follows: children 1 to 4 years old, 12; children 5 to 9 years old, 15; adolescent girls, 17; adolescent boys, 18; women 20 to 39 years, 23; women 65 years and older, 52; men 20 to 39 years, 93; and men 40 and older, 92. Ranges were side in all age groups, reflecting variations in size of body iron stores. From analysis of the ferritin values it is highly probably that iron stores were greatly reduced in approximately 25% of children, 30% of adolescents, 30% of menstruating women, 60% of pregnant women and 3% of men. Iron-deficiency anemia was noted in only 2% of subjects. If "normality" requires more than small amounts of storage iron to meet physiologic demands, the study results suggest a high probability of iron deficiency in 60% of the pregnant women and in 19% of the other subjects; but if normality is defined as maintenance of adequate iron stores for erythropoiesis, the prevalence of iron deficiency was zero in the pregnant women and 2% in the other subjects.