原发性滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像学诊断

目的分析原发性滑膜骨软骨瘤病(primary synovial osteochondromatosis,PSOC)的影像学表现特点,以期提高对本病的诊断水平。方法收集经手术及病理证实的PSOC共46例进行回顾性分析。46例均行X线平片检查,其中行CT平扫28例,MRI平扫12例。结果 X线平片主要见关节内多发大小不一、数目不等的游离体、悬垂体影,多层螺旋CT平扫可更清晰显示关节和滑囊内较小的游离体、增厚的滑膜及关节腔积液。MRI可见未钙化的滑膜软骨瘤结节,并可清晰地显示软骨、滑膜及周围软组织改变。结论 X线平片和CT可以清楚显示钙化或骨化的软骨结节,对于PSOC MilgramⅡ、Ⅲ期有重要诊断价值;而对于其Ⅰ期病例的未钙化或骨化的软骨结节,X线平片和CT难以显示,MRI则往往能够清楚显示,从而可望做出正确诊断。因而影像学在本病的诊断中起着非常重要的作用。     

11例滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像学诊断的分析

目的 探讨滑膜性骨软骨瘤病的影像学表现.方法 通过对11例滑膜性骨软骨瘤病患者的CR平片、CT和MRI的影像学表现.结果 9例CR片病变关节四周均见多枚钙化或骨化结节影,形态呈点状、圆形或卵圆形,有的聚集团块状、石榴状或不规则形,钙化结节中心密度低,周围密度高;而CT显示细小游离体数目明显多于CR片,能见一些没有钙化的小体,还可见游离体的中心和周边密度的变化,有无骨化或钙化,滑膜的增厚和钙化;MRI可显示滑膜增厚,关节积液,关节及周围游离体包括软骨性游离体,T1WI和T2WI通常显示为低信号结节,T2WI上与滑膜内高信号的液体形成对比,小结节 T2WI可见其信号不均,钙化部分呈低信号.结论 受软骨结节的钙化或骨化程度的影响,X线平片诊断滑膜骨软骨瘤病有一定限度,需要结合CT检查,MRI检查.手术病理的检查往往是提示滑膜有软骨化生改变作为确诊依据.X线诊断简单、方便、及时,而CT、MRI则能提供更多更完整详细的信息.     

滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI诊断

目的探讨关节滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI特征。方法时3例滑膜软骨瘤病患者的MRI及临床表现进行回顾性分析,其中2例经手术病理证实,1例有X线平片。结果1例为膝关节,2例为髋关节,均有不等量关节积液,2例关节腔及周围内见多发低信号。增强扫描1例,显示滑膜不规则增厚并呈线样不规则强化,关节游离体不强化。结论关节及周围低信号游离体、关节积液为特征性MRI表现,早期显示滑膜增厚、积液,难以与慢性滑膜炎鉴别,此病需与色素沉着性绒毛结节性滑膜炎鉴别。     

滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像诊断

目的探讨滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像表现。方法收集临床和病理证实的滑膜骨软骨瘤病25例,25例均有X线平片检查,其中18例行CT检查,12例行MR检查。结果 X线平片主要见关节内或/和关节周围大小不等、形态不一、数目不同的钙化或骨化游离体;CT检查可发现隐蔽游离体、增厚的滑膜和关节腔内积液;MR能发现关节内未钙化软骨瘤结节,除可见关节游离体,还清晰显示软骨、滑膜,周围软组织的改变情况和关节积液等表现。结论影像学检查对滑膜骨软骨瘤病有较高的诊断价值。     

膝关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病X线平片分析(附14例报告)

目的分析膝关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线表现,进一步提高对滑膜骨软骨瘤病的认识及其在膝关节的早期X线表现.方法对14例膝关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病患者的X线平片进行回顾性分析.其中5例经手术、病理证实,其余9例有典型X线表现.结果所有病例均有明显滑膜增厚,滑液渗出的X线征;关节内、外游离体钙化的数目和程度与病程有关,病程越长、游离体钙化的数目和程度越多越明显.结论膝关节的滑膜明显增厚、滑液渗出有助于X线平片早期诊断膝膜骨软骨瘤病.     

膝关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病X线平片分析（附14例报告）

目的 分析膝关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线表现，进一步提高对滑膜骨软骨瘤病的认识及其在膝关节的早期X线表现。方法 对14例膝关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病患者的X线平片进行回顾性分析。其中5例经手术、病理证实，其余9例有典型X线表现。结果 所有病例均有明显滑膜增厚，滑液渗出的X线征；关节内、外游离体钙化的数目和程度与病程有关，病程越长、游离体钙化的数目和程度越多越明显。结论 膝关节的滑膜明显增厚、滑液渗出有助于X线平片早期诊断膝膜骨软骨瘤病.     

肘关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像诊断分析

目的 探讨肘关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像学特征. 方法 回顾性分析14例经手术病理证实的肘关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病患者的临床表现和影像资料,其中9例患者行肘关节拍摄正侧位X线片,6例行多层螺旋CT检查,1例患者同时行X线和MRI检查.结果 14例患者中,男性10例,女性4例,平均年龄41.9岁.单肘关节发病13例,双肘发病1例,右肘12例,左肘3例.9例X线平片表现关节内为多个圆形或卵圆形的钙化结节影,大小、数目不等,结节密度不均,呈环形或半环形高密度影.6例行多层螺旋CT扫描清晰显示大小不等、数目不一的钙化游离体,可显示X线阴性的隐蔽部位游离体、增厚的滑膜、软骨下侵蚀和关节腔内积液情况.1例MRI检查发现肘关节内多个结节,边界清晰,在T1WI上呈等、低信号,在T2WI上呈低信号,T2WI+脂肪抑制序列上显示滑膜增厚,关节腔内少量积液.结论 肘关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病影像学具有特征性,结合病史可明确诊断.     

滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像学分析

目的:探讨滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线、CT、MRI表现。方法:搜集13例进行过影像学检查并经过关节镜证实的滑膜骨软骨瘤病患者,13例均进行了X线检查,6例同时进行了CT扫描,4例进行MRI检查。结果:在X线、CT、MRI图像上均可看到关节腔内的游离体。结论:关节腔内数粒圆形、卵圆形钙化或骨化结节影是滑膜骨软骨瘤病的直接征象,CT不仅能显示关节腔内钙化或骨化结节影,还能显示关节周围软组织肿胀范围,而MRI既可显示关节腔内的游离体,也可更清楚的显示滑膜的增生程度,关节的其他结构以及关节腔积液量的多少。     

滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线、CT和MRI诊断价值

目的 比较研究滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线、CT和MRI的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实为滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线平片18例、CT20例、MRI 10例的表现并评估其诊断价值.结果 正确诊断X线15例,CT18例,MRI 8例;X线平片、CT和MRI均能显示关节周围/关节内的软骨游离体,X线平片和CT对钙化的软骨游离体显示清楚,游离体钙化呈松散、环形或壳状;MRI还能显示早期的软骨游离体;游离体形态多样,大小不一,数量不等;CT和MRI检查可发现关节腔积液.结论 X线平片、CT及MRI均能诊断本病,以CT检出率最高,MRI为本病早期最佳诊断方法.将三种影像表现综合分析可提高滑膜骨软骨瘤病的检出率.     

滑膜软骨瘤病的影像学诊断

目的探讨滑膜软骨瘤病的影像学特征。方法搜集经病理证实的滑膜软骨瘤病63例,其中51例行X线检查,24例行CT检查,20例行MRI检查,行X线、CT、MRI检查者16例。分析其X线、CT及MRI表现,总结影像学特征。结果 63例中,58例钙化或骨化的游离体位于关节囊内,3例位于关节囊外,2例关节囊内、外均有;X线及CT表现为大小不一、数目不等、形态相似的圆形或卵圆形钙化或骨化结节影,典型者呈＂铺路石＂样分布,15例继发骨性关节炎;MRI检查中,18例表现为关节滑膜肥厚,12例钙化或骨化的游离体于T1WI及T2WI上均呈低信号,7例游离体中央在T1WI上呈高信号,脂肪抑制序列PDWI上呈低信号,5例病变关节内游离体于T1WI上呈肌肉样中等信号,T2WI上呈软骨样略高信号;3例仅表现为关节的滑膜肥厚,未见明显的游离体或悬垂体形成。增强扫描,5例肥厚的关节滑膜明显强化,4例钙化或骨化的游离体边缘呈环形强化,2例游离体呈均匀强化。结论滑膜软骨瘤病具有典型影像学特征,尤其当游离体钙化或骨化时影像表现更典型,X线、CT及MRI三者结合能提高诊断准确率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.