十二指肠溃疡患者上胃肠道运动及胃肠激素的研究

对30例十二指肠溃疡（Du）患者和15例正常对照者进行了消化间期移行性复合运动波（MMC）的检测及血浆胃动素（MTL）、生长抑素（SS）的放免测定．结果显示：Du患者MMC正常者仅为16．7％,明显低于对照组（60％,P＜0.001）且胃窦MMCⅢ期持续时间缩短（P＜0．05）;胃窦、十二指肠近端MMCⅡ期的收缩频率、收缩波幅均较对照组减少（P＜0.05,P＜0．001）。Du患者MMCⅡ、Ⅲ期的MTL明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）,而SS则高于对照组（P＜0．05,P＜0．55）．结果提示：胃肠道运动异常和胃肠激素的释放与Du有着密切关系。     

功能性消化不良患者消化间期移行性复合运动及胃动素水平研究

为探讨FD患者胃肠运动及胃动素变化的规律对20例胃肠动力障碍型功能性消化不良（FD）患者及20例健康志愿者用连续灌注导管测压系统进行胃十二指肠压力测定,并测定空腹血浆胃动素水平。结果显示FD患者血浆胃动素水平明显低于对照组,同时存在胃及十二指肠动力异常,表现为胃窦Ⅲ期缺乏或持续时间缩短及十二指肠运动减弱。提示：FD的发生与胃肠动力低下及低胃动素水平有关。     

2.64 幽门螺杆菌感染对消化性溃疡患者胃肠动力及胃肠激素的影响

目的幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与消化性溃疡的发生有密切关系.本工作通过对消化性溃疡患者胃肠测压和血浆胃动素(MTL)及血浆生长抑素(SS)的变化的研究,探讨Hp对胃肠动力和胃肠激素的影响.方法对选自1998～1999年经胃镜确认的消化性溃疡(Pu)85例进行胃十二指肠压力检测,并测定血浆胃动素(MTL)和生长抑素(SS).结果消化性溃疡患者无论是否存在Hp感染,其消化间期胃肠运动均比正常对照组明显减弱,主要表现为MMC Ⅲ期缺失和收缩波幅减低.消化性溃疡患者SS水平失去正常周期性变化,在MMC Ⅰ期明显低于正常对照组;而在Hp阳性和Hp阴性两组之间无显著差异 .血浆MTL水平在Hp阳性溃疡病组呈现明显增高趋势,而Hp阴性溃疡病组呈减低趋势.结论消化性溃疡患者存在胃肠动力低下及激素分泌异常.     

幽门螺杆菌感染对消化性溃疡患者胃肠动力及胃肠激素的影响

为探讨幽门螺杆菌（Hp)感染对消化性溃疡患者胃肠动力及胃肠激素的影响，对85例消化性溃疡患者进行了胃肠测压和血浆胃动素（MTL）及血浆生长抑素（SS）的测定，结果显示消化性溃疡患者与正常对照组相比消化间期胃肠动力明显减低，主要表现为消化间期移行性复合运动（MMC）Ⅲ期缺失和收缩波振幅减低，血中SS水平也明显低于正常对照组；在Hp阳性和Hp阴性的两组之间胃肠动力和SS水平均无显著差异，在血中MTL水平，Hp阳性组明显高于Hp阴性组，也高于正常对照组，结果表明消化性溃疡患者存在胃肠动力障碍和胃肠激素的异常改变。Hp感染对胃肠动力和SS水平无明显影响，但可促进MTL的分泌或释放。     

十二指肠胃反流与胃窦十二指肠消化间期移行性复合运动关系的研究

目的　探讨十二指肠胃反流 (Duodenogastricre flex)发生与胃窦十二指肠消化间期移行性复合运动(migratingmotercomplex ,MMC)的关系。方法　对 2 0名 (男 9名 ,女 11名 ,平均年龄 2 9± 2 7岁 )健康志愿者进行同步胃内pH值和胆红素吸光值 (Abs)持续监测 ,并进行长时 (8— 12小时 )胃窦十二指肠压力测定。结果　 2 0例健康人进行 2 4小时胃内pH值监测和胃内胆汁监测后 ,分为 2组 :DGR阴性组 (D1) 7例 ,DGR阳性组 (D2 ) 13例。D1组MMC周期数明显增加 ,P <0 0 5 ;D2组较D1组胃窦十二指肠协调收缩明显减少 ,P <0 0 5 ;十二指肠推…     

2.45 模拟不同高空对狗胃肠移行性复合运动的影响及机制探讨

目的在进入高原和高空飞行时胃肠动力有何变化尚不清楚.本文在低压舱中模拟不同高空状态观察狗消化间期胃肠移行性复合运动(MMC)和血浆胃动素的变化.方法健康狗6只,在无菌条件下埋置胃肠测压管和静脉插管.手术后恢复7 d进行实验.应用低顺应性毛细管水灌注消化道腔内测压系统记录清醒狗胃和十二指肠的收缩活动.先在低压舱海平面记录狗正常MMC,然后分别在MMC Ⅱ相切初期和后期模拟升空300 0m和5000m高度停留1h,记录MMC的变化,并在不同时间点抽取静脉血测定血浆胃动素浓度. 结果 3000m高度对MMC无明显影响,但在5000m高度发现1.与地面比较, 狗MMC周期时间延长[(112±14)min vs (128±16)min],主要是Ⅱ相时间延长[(54± 9)min vs (69±12)min],Ⅲ相时间缩短[(10.3±1.4)min vs (7.2±1.1)m in](P＜0.05,P＜0.01); 2.在MMC Ⅱ相初期模拟升高,胃窦和十二指肠MMC Ⅱ相收缩振幅[(96.2±15.8)mmHg和(50.4±9.6)mmHg vs (121.3±22.4)mmHg和 (66.7±13.2)mmHg]和动力指数(25.3±5.2)和14.2±4.3 vs 36.5±8.2和23 .4±5.6)明显低于海平面对照(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),MMC Ⅲ相被抑制; 3 .在M MC Ⅱ相后期模拟升空至500m高度,MMC Ⅲ相仍能出现,但胃窦和十二指肠的收缩振幅[ (184.5±18.6)mmHg和(58.4±12.3)mmHg vs (231.2±27.6)mmHg和(75.6±13. 4)mmHg]和动力指数(15.3±3.6和6.8±0.7 vs 21.4±4.2和8.7±1.3)明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01); 4.在海平面,血浆胃动随MMC周期出现周期性波动, 其浓度在MMC Ⅲ相时最高(463.0±25.2)mg.L-1,在MMC Ⅰ相时最低(121.0±17. 0)ng.L-1.在MMC Ⅱ相后期升至5000m高空,虽有血浆胃动素高峰,但胃动素高峰浓度明显低于海平面对照[(343.4±32.5)ng.L-1 vs (463.0±25.2)ng.L -1(P＜0.05);而在MMC Ⅱ相初期升至5000m高空,则血浆胃动素浓度无明显高峰出现.结论急性暴露低压低氧干扰了胃肠MMC的活动,血浆胃动素释放减少可能介导了胃肠抑制作用.     

2.118 延髓最后区(AREA POSTREMA)对狗胃肠电活动的调节作用

目的胃肠运动是由电驱动的.清醒状态下,狗和人空腹的胃肠电活动是以移行性复合肌电(interdigestive myoelectric complex,IMC)形式,按4个时间的顺序周而复始地进行.IMC受中枢神经系统调节.已知延髓是调节胃肠运动的重要中枢,位于延髓背侧、第四脑室后闩部的最后区(area postrema,AP)是调节摄食及呕吐的中枢,该部位血脑屏障薄弱,可以接受外周各种体液信息.AP可能就是调节IMC的重要结构.本研究旨在观察电损毁AP及AP注射胃动素对IMC活动及血浆胃动素水平的影响.方法在8只清醒狗进行实验.在胃窦和十二指肠植入双极铂丝电极记录IMC .在一侧颈静脉内置慢性静脉插管供注射药物和取血样之用.开颅电损毁AP术按脑立体定位仪坐标,用绝缘不锈钢针插入两侧AP,通以阳极直流电(500～800μv,20s)损毁AP.AP内微量注射胃动素按R.K.S.Lim图谱,于AP埋藏慢性不锈钢套管,将胃动素注入AP内.用放射免疫法(RIA)测定血浆胃动素含量.观察1.消化间期正常IMC活动和血浆胃动素浓度变化;2.电损毁延髓AP对IMC锋电活动和血浆胃动素水平的影响; 3.电损毁AP后外源性静脉注射胃动素对IMC的影响; 4. AP注射胃动素对IMC活动的作用.结果 1.正常狗消化间期IMC出现典型的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ相,Ⅰ相缺少锋电位(spike potentials),Ⅱ相间断不规则锋电位,Ⅲ相密集锋电位,Ⅳ相个别锋电位.IMC Ⅲ相锋电位数目激增与血浆胃动素释放高峰同步发生.2.电损毁AP后,胃窦与十二指肠IMC 的慢波振幅明显抑制.胃窦和十二指肠Ⅲ相单位时间慢波负载锋电数目分别比损毁前下降(7 6.4±12.1)%和(81.7±15.9)%(P均＜0.01),并失去了损毁AP前IMC的周期性、时相性和移行性的特点.3只行假损毁手术狗手术前后胃肠IMC无明显变化.3.电损毁AP后, 胃窦和十二指肠IMC各时相血浆胃动素水平急剧下降,较损毁AP前下降分别为Ⅰ相(72.3 ±12.8)%,Ⅱ相(78.8±9.6)%,Ⅲ相(84.6±11.2)%(P均＜0.001).4.损毁AP 后,外源性静脉注射胃动素(0.25μg/kg)不能启动IMC Ⅲ相锋电发生.5.在胃窦IMC Ⅰ相时,由导管向AP注入胃动素0.12μg/5μl,使胃窦和十二指肠Ⅲ相锋电数目分别比生理盐水(NS) 对照组增加(142.7±14.2)%和(158.4±13.6)%,Ⅲ相时血中胃动素水平明显增加,比NS 对照组增高(98.2±14.5)%(P＜0.01).AP注射生理盐水(5μl)对IMC和胃动素水平无明显影响.结论延髓最后区(AP)对消化间期移行性复合肌电锋电位的周期发放有重要的调控作用,其作用途径是通过胃动素实现的.     

2.63 消化性溃疡患者合并幽门螺杆菌感染时胃肠动力及胃肠激素的改变

目的为探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染对消化性溃疡患者胃肠动力及胃肠激素的影响.方法对85例消化性溃疡患者进行了胃肠测压和血浆胃动素(MTL)的测定.结果消化性溃疡患者与正常对照组相比消化间期胃肠动力明显减低,主要表现为消化间期移行性复合运动(MMC) Ⅲ期缺失和收缩波幅减低;而血中MTL水平,Hp阳性组明显高于Hp阴性组,也高于正常对照组.结论本研究表明消化性溃疡患者存在胃肠动力障碍和胃肠激素的异常改变 .Hp感染对胃肠动力无明显影响,但可促进MTL的分泌或释放.     

2.120 西沙必利对消化间期MMC前列腺素E释放及胃粘膜细胞保护作用

目的我们曾报导(1999)西沙必利可作用于肌间神经丛胃动素神经元释放胃动素增强消化间期移行性复合运动(MMC)和电活动.根据我们最近关于前列腺素E2(prosta glandin E2,PGE2)与胃动素释放相关的工作表明,西沙必利很可能是启动PGE2释放 , 由PGE2激发胃动素释放进而促进MMC运动.已知PGE2是强力细胞保护物质,西沙必利还可能通过PGE2介导降低胃粘膜炎症作用.本文观察西沙必利对PGE2释放作用及其与胃动素释放关系,并探讨西沙必利对胃粘膜的消炎作用.方法用清醒Wister大鼠进行慢性实验,埋植高灵敏度应力传感器于胃窦, 用多导生理记录仪记录胃MMC.在颈外静脉放一硅胶管,通过皮肤穿出体外,供给药及取血样品用.用放射免疫分析法测定血中PGE2和胃动素含量.用肌注消炎痛(15mg/kg)诱发胃粘膜损伤,按Guth方法计算损伤指数.结果 1.正常大鼠胃窦MMC活动及血中PGE2和胃动素含量大鼠消化间期周期性出现MMC活动,Ⅲ相活动期收缩力为34 .6 7±8.45g(n=8).Ⅲ相高峰期血中PGE2含量125.42±18.31pg/mL(n=8),胃动素含量104 .56±9.64(n=8).MMC转入恢复期Ⅳ相时胃动素水平下降(78.24±9.64pg/mL),而PGE 2水平仍保持Ⅲ相的水平(118.25±13.67pg/mL).2.西沙必利对PGE2及胃动素的释放作用在大鼠胃窦MMC Ⅰ相时,静脉注射西沙必利2mg/kg可激发MMC Ⅲ相活动,其收缩力比对照组增加(235.41±80.23)%(P＜0.001).同时也使血中PGE2和胃动素浓度升高 ,分别比对照组升高(147.24±20.62)%和(190.27±13.24)%(均P＜0.01,均n=8) .PGE2高峰出现在胃动素高峰之前,表明胃动素释放可能由PGE2激发.3.胃粘膜损伤对胃窦MMC活动及血中PGE2和胃动素的影响消炎痛致胃粘膜损伤,其损伤指数为19.35± 6.85时,胃运动显示MMC Ⅰ相和Ⅱ相时程延长,Ⅲ相时程缩短,并出现阵发性不规则收缩波,胃窦收缩力比正常对照组下降(54.27±12.41)%(n=8,P＜0.05).血中PGE2和胃动素含量比正常对照组分别下降(81.17±15.24)%和(79.24±13.79)%(均n=8,均P ＜0.05).4.西沙必利对胃粘膜损伤抑制胃运动及PGE2、胃动素释放以及预防胃粘膜损伤作用的影响给大鼠口服西沙必利5mg/kg/d ,15天后肌注消炎痛(15mg/kg).结果表明, 西沙必利能有效地预防消炎痛造成的胃粘膜损伤,损伤指数只有2.12±0.54(n=8),与单独消炎痛组比较,损伤指数下降(89.18±6.24)%(P＜0.001).同时显著增加胃窦收缩力以及增加血中PGE2及胃动素含量,分别比单独消炎痛组增加(81.45±24.25)%、(78 .23±19.37)%和(85.14±27.63)(均P＜0.01).在另一组实验中,先给消炎痛6h后 ,在胃粘膜出现损伤时,给静脉灌流西沙必利2mg/kg/h.结果发现,西沙必利可使损伤指数下降,细胞修复.血中PGE2和胃动素浓度回升至接近正常水平.结论西沙必利可促进PGE2和胃动素释放进而促进MMC收缩活动.西沙必利可抑制胃粘膜损伤是通PGE2介导,实现对胃粘膜的细胞保护作用.     

十二指肠灌流盐酸对犬消化间期和餐后胃十二指肠运动的影响

目的　观察十二指肠灌流盐酸对犬消化间期移行性复合运动 (MMC)和餐后胃肠收缩的作用方法　健康雄性犬 6只 ,体重 15～ 2 0kg。麻醉后无菌条件下进行胃肠测压管、十二指肠造瘘管和颈外静脉插管埋植。用PCPOLYGRAFHR胃肠多功能检测仪记录胃肠收缩 ,然后用Polygram软件分析。每次实验相隔 2～ 3d ,记录观察 :1 自发MMC和餐后胃肠运动 2 十二指肠腔内灌流盐酸后MMC的变化 3 十二指肠腔内灌流盐酸对餐后胃肠运动的作用。结果　 1 在MMCⅡ相初期 ,经十二指肠腔内灌流盐酸后MMC周期时间和MMCⅡ相时间均明显比生理盐水对照延长 (P <0…     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.