腹腔神经丛联合上腹下神经丛阻滞对顽固性腹部和（或）盆腔癌痛的作用

目的：评价腹腔神经丛联合上腹下神经丛阻滞对晚期腹部和（或）盆腔恶性肿瘤并发顽固性腹部和（或）盆腔内脏痛患者的镇痛效果。方法：对45例患者,在CT引导下后路经椎间盘旁法穿刺,用90%乙醇作为毁损剂,同时行腹腔丛和上腹下神经丛毁损术。观察毁损前和毁损后24h、1周、1个月和3个月各时段的疼痛VAS评分、吗啡控释片日用量和生活质量（QOL）评分、并发症和副作用。结果：与毁损前比较,毁损后各时段VAS评分和吗啡控释片日用量均明显降低（P〈0.05）,有13例镇痛效果满意直至去世;与术前比较,毁损后24h、1周、1个月QOL评分明显升高（P〈0.05）,第3个月时QOL评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）,未发生严重并发症和副作用。结论：在CT引导下以90%乙醇行腹腔丛联合上腹下神经丛毁损术可有效减轻晚期腹、盆腔癌症患者疼痛,减少吗啡日用量,从而提高患者的生活质量。     

腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗上腹部顽固性癌性疼痛

目的 评价腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗上腹部顽固性癌性疼痛的止痛效果。方法 105例晚期癌症患者，67例伴有后腹膜淋巴结广泛肿大并包绕神经、血管，均有顽固性上腹痛，经CT导引穿人隔脚前及后腹膜肿大淋巴结内行两侧腹腔神经丛无水乙醇阻滞术。结果 经4个月随访观察，在2周、1个月、2个月、3个月、4个月，止痛总有效率分别为100％、98．09％、97．05％、93．81％、90．42％。在止痛效果显著者，可观察到无水乙醇扩散较完全，能从两侧包绕腹主动脉，肿大的淋巴结有明显坏死。本组无严重并发症。结论 CT导引下腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗上腹部顽固性癌性疼痛是一种安全、有效的方法，应推广应用。     

乙醇腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗上腹部癌痛的临床观察

目的比较不同浓度乙醇腹腔神经丛阻滞对晚期上腹部癌性疼痛患者的镇痛效果。方法96例晚期上腹部癌痛患者随机均分为75%乙醇组(A组)、无水乙醇组(B组)和50%乙醇组(C组),在X线引导下实施背侧入路经皮腹腔神经丛阻滞术,分别注入15ml乙醇。镇痛效果分为0～Ⅲ级,分别于术后2周、1、2及3月时,观察是否需要镇痛药及采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估镇痛效果。结果术后2周、1、2及3月,腹腔神经丛神经阻滞的显效率和总有效率A组和B组均高于C组(P<0.05);而A组与B组比较,显效率和总有效率差异无显著意义。结论75%乙醇和无水乙醇经皮腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗晚期上腹部癌性疼痛是一种安全而有效的方法。     

上腹部癌性疼痛的治疗——CT引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞术的临床应用

上腹部癌性疼痛的治疗——ＣＴ引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞术的临床应用孟冬祥樊碧发范占明蔺成军梁景云贾乃光作者单位：１０００２９北京市，中日友好医院麻醉科（孟冬祥、樊碧发、贾乃光）；中国煤碳部总医院放射科（范占明）；黑龙江中医学院附院麻醉科（蔺成军）；北京市和...     

腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗癌性疼痛(附15例报告)

随着晚期肿瘤患者的增多及对生存质量的提高，癌性疼痛越来越受到重视。我们从１９９６年２月至１９９７年３月对１５例中上腹晚期肿瘤患者在进行剖腹探查的同时，施行经腹直视下的腹腔神经丛阻滞（ｉｎｔｒａａｂｄｏｍｉｎａｌｎｅｕｒｏｌｙｔｉｃｃｅｌｉａｃｐｌｅ...     

腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗晚期胰腺癌顽固性疼痛的临床研究

目的 观察无水乙醇腹腔神经丛阻滞术对晚期胰腺癌顽固性疼痛的镇痛效果、并发症发生及患者生存质量的影响。方法 选取2001年1月至2005年9月61例晚期胰腺癌伴顽固性疼痛及消化道梗阻无法行根治手术的患者，在行姑息性手术的同时，行腹腔神经丛无水乙醇阻滞治疗，观察术后3个月内疼痛缓解、生存质量评分（KPS）的变化及不良反应。结果 治疗后1周内全部患者顽固性疼痛症状明显缓解（P〈0．05），KPS评分显著提高（P〈0．05）。随诊3个月，术后86．5％（45／52）患者无痛或仅轻度疼痛，治疗过程中和治疗后未发生严重并发症。结论 无水乙醇腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗晚期胰腺癌顽固性疼痛能较好地缓解其症状，改善患者生存质量，近期疗效确切，安全性高。     

腹腔神经丛毁损术治疗晚期胰头癌疼痛

目的介绍腹腔神经丛毁损术治疗晚期胰头癌疼痛的方法,并探讨其效果。方法将2002年5月至2008年5月成都军区总医院收治的晚期胰头癌病人90例,按年龄、病种及病情基本接近的原则分为两组:腹腔神经丛毁损组(46例)和非毁损组(44例)。两组均行姑息减黄处理;毁损组在术中或在B型超声、CT引导下行腹腔神经丛穿刺,注入无水酒精20ml。观察两组病人术后并发症发生情况、疼痛缓解率、复发率及综合评价其临床受益反应。结果毁损组46例手术无穿刺失败,成功率100%;无严重并发症;疼痛评分(VAS)与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);疼痛完全缓解率71.9%,部分缓解率21.9%,无效6.2%;疼痛复发率仅13.3%;临床受益反应情况较非毁损组明显增强(P0.05)。结论腹腔神经丛毁损术具有很高的安全性,能显著减轻胰腺癌性疼痛,并提高病人生存质量。     

连续腹腔神经丛阻滞对胰腺癌患者癌性疼痛的效果

胰腺癌早期症状不明显,常并发癌性疼痛,其发生率达73%,中晚期高达90%。患者疼痛剧烈,呈进行性加重,阿片类药物镇痛效果差,常采用腹腔神经丛阻滞（NCPB）治疗胰腺癌内脏痛,NCPB有效镇痛作用可维持4～6周,荟萃分析显示其即时和近期镇痛有效率达85%。单次NCPB时,作用于神经纤维的乙醇浓度因吸收而迅速降低，常导致神经轻度损伤，因此中晚期镇痛效果较差。腹腔神经丛周围分次注射神经破坏药对中晚期镇痛效果的影响尚不清楚。本研究拟评价连续NCPB对胰腺癌患者癌性疼痛的效果。     

X线引导腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗癌性疼痛

目的：探讨X线引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗癌性疼痛的可行性。方法：20例腹腔肿瘤伴癌性疼痛患者,采用X线引导下应用50％酒精行腹腔神经丛阻滞。结果：阻滞成功率100％,75％的患者疼痛完全缓解。结论：X线引导腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗癌性疼痛操作简单、易行、止痛效果确切、并发症少,是一种有临床价值的方法。     

A comparison of intraoperative celiac plexus block with pharmacological therapy as a treatment for pain of unresectable pancreatic cancer

Background/Purpose: The efficacy of intraoperative celiac plexus block was compared with that of pharmacological therapy in the treatment of pain caused by unresectable pancreatic cancer. Methods: Twenty-one patients were included in the study: 15 patients underwent intraoperative celiac plexus block (group 1) and 6 received pharmacological therapy (group 2). The effectiveness at 1 week after treatment and from treatment to death was evaluated at follow-up by looking at mean analgesic consumption, mortality and morbidity, and any postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-tests. Results: One week after the operation, the analgesic consumption of 14 patients in group 1 was the same as that before treatment, and 1 patient's consumption had decreased. Pain in 4 patients in group 2 did not change, but in 2 patients it increased. Mean opioid consumption was significantly lower in group 1. Complications related to the block were transient diarrhea and hypotension (P not significant between groups). There was no operative mortality or major complication related to the block. The incidence of adverse drug-related effects, such as constipation, nausea, and vomiting, was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Conclusions: Intraoperative celiac plexus block made pain control possible with reduced opioid consumption, representing an effective, safe, and simple tool for the treatment of pain caused by unresectable pancreatic cancer. Received: November 16, 2001 / accepted: February 28, 2002     

CT引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗癌性腹痛(附132例报道)

目的:评价CT引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞(NCPB)术治疗癌性腹痛的疗效,比较不同肿瘤和不同进针途径对疗效的影响。方法:分析经CT引导下注射无水乙醇进行NCPB术治疗胰腺癌、肝(胆)癌和胃癌等晚期肿瘤导致的顽固性腹痛共132例。对于术后止痛效果进行1周～3个月的评价,评价方法采用4分制法,判断NCPB术的治疗效果。结果:经腹前壁途径NCPB术治疗胰腺癌43例、肝(胆)癌32例、胃癌22例,其术后1周和3个月有效率分别为95.4%、90.7%;84.4%、75.0%和100.0%、77.3%。经脊柱旁途径治疗胰腺癌19例、肝(胆)癌13例、胃癌3例,其术后1周和3个月有效率分别为89.5%、89.5%;76.9%、61.5%和100.0%、66.7%。NCPB治疗不同肿瘤的长期总有效率是81.1%,胰腺癌、肝(胆)癌和胃癌分别是:90.3%、71.1%、76.0%。不同肿瘤之间有效率有显著差异。两种不同途径NCPB之间长期疗效分别为82.5%、77.1%,无显著差异。结论:对不同肿瘤的NCPB治疗效果相比,胰腺癌的长期疗效最佳。前路进针的NCPB术定位准确,无水乙醇弥散程度好,但长期治疗效果和后路进针无显著差异。     

Combined neurolytic block of celiac, inferior mesenteric, and superior hypogastric plexuses for incapacitating abdominal and/or pelvic cancer pain

Thirty-five patients with extensive abdominal or pelvic cancer who suffered uncontrolled, diffuse, extensive, and incapacitating pain were treated with a combination of neurolytic celiac plexus block (CPB), inferior mesenteric plexus block (IMPB), and superior hypogastric plexus block (SHGPB). The combination of neurolytic CPB, IMPB, and SHGPB was performed with alcohol, mainly using a transintervetebral disc approach. The combination neurolysis produced effective immediate pain relief in all the patients (visual analog scale (VAS), reduced from 8.8 ± 0.2 to 0). This pain relief persisted during the first 3 months (VAS, 2.3 ± 0.5) or until death. Morphine consumption was significantly decreased for the first 1 month (from 96 ± 29 mg to 31 ± 10 mg per day) after the neurolysis and thereafter continued to be lower than before the surgery, though not significantly so. No serious complications were observed to have been caused by the neurolytic procedure on the three sympathetic plexuses. Our preliminary clinical results suggest that the combination of neurolytic CPB, IMPB, and SHGPB improves the quality of life of patients who have incapacitating cancer pain, by reducing both the intensity of the pain and their opioid consumption, without serious complications. This combination procedure may provide a new therapeutic option for pain relief in patients with advanced cancer.     

Retroperitoneal abscess after neurolytic celiac plexus block from the anterior approach

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The anterior approach for celiac plexus block has the potential risks of infection, hemorrhage, and fistula formation. We report a case of a patient who developed a retroperitoneal abscess with the formation of a vascular-enteric fistula after a neurolytic celiac plexus block from the anterior approach. CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old female with a history of pain secondary to chronic idiopathic calcifying pancreatitis (VAS 7-8) underwent a subtotal resection of the head of the pancreas with an end-to-side pancreatojejunostomy using a Roux-en-Y loop. Pain continued secondary to chronic pancreatitis. Because of intolerance (vomiting and constipation) of morphine and transdermal fentanyl over a 2-month period, it was decided to perform a neurolytic celiac plexus block using the anterior approach with ultrasound guidance. The patient's pain was completely relieved, enabling withdrawal of oral analgesics. Pain reappeared after 2 years, and the same technique was repeated. Ten days later, she was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Computed tomography showed a left paravertebral retroperitoneal abscess; arteriography suggested a fistula between the mesenteric vein and the jejunum. Urgent surgery was undertaken, revealing a leak of the pancreatojejunostomy and a large abscess around the celiac plexus. A distal pancreatectomy and partial resection of the Roux-en-Y loop was performed. The patient was discharged 1 month later in good clinical condition. Because of recurrent pain, she has required repeated neurolytic celiac plexus blocks via a posterior approach without complications. CONCLUSION: The posterior approach for neurolytic celiac plexus block should be considered in particular in patients with previous pancreatic surgery.     

Development of a laparoscopic approach to neurolytic celiac plexus block in a porcine model

Background: Neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) is an effective method of palliative pain control in cases of inoperable pancreatic cancer. This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of a laparoscopic approach to NCPB in an experimental animal model. Methods: The laparoscopic technique for NCPB was developed in an acute study of six domestic swine followed by a chronic study of nine domestic swine that were monitored 3–21 days after surgery for adverse neurologic, gastrointestinal, or other sequelae. Using a four-port laparoscopic technique, the esophageal hiatus was dissected to expose the aorta at the level of the diaphragmatic crura. Under combined endoscopic and laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) guidance, 5 ml of sclerosant dye (95% ethanol mixed with India ink) was injected into either side of the para-aortic soft tissue via a percutaneously placed 18-gauge spinal needle. After the animals were killed, the aorta and periaortic tissue were harvested from each animal for gross and histologic analysis. Results: Under LUS guidance, sclerosant was injected successfully into the para-aortic soft tissue in all animals. There were no intraoperative complications in the acute animal group. Placement of sclerosant injection was successful in all nine chronic cases. Two pigs in the chronic study group died in the immediate postoperative period secondary to pneumothorax. No adverse neurologic, gastrointestinal, or other sequelae were observed in the remaining seven animals at 3–21 days postoperatively. After the animals were killed, we found no injuries to the aorta or esophagus, and histologic analysis demonstrated good placement of dye-labeled sclerosant with no compromise of aortic structural integrity. Conclusion: A laparoscopic approach to the aortic hiatus and NCPB is feasible. Further studies are warranted to evaluate this approach in patients who undergo staging laparoscopy for pancreatic cancer and are found to have unresectable disease. Received: 19 March 1999 /Accepted: 18 November 1999 /Online publication: 26 July 2000     

Neurohistopathologic findings after a neurolytic celiac plexus block with alcohol in patients with pancreatic cancer pain

Pancreatic cancer has a very poor prognosis resulting in the death of 98% of patients. Pain may be severe and difficult to treat. Management of pain includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, pharmacologic treatment, and neurolytic celiac plexus block. Recent reviews of the efficacy of neurolytic celiac plexus block however, have reached conflicting conclusions. In this paper, we present two patients with severe pancreatic cancer pain resistant to pharmacologic treatment. Analgesic effect following repeated neurolytic celiac plexus blocks with alcohol was limited in time. Post-mortem neurohistopathologic examination of the celiac plexus revealed an abnormal celiac architecture with a combination of abnormal neurons with vacuolization and normal looking neuronal structures (ganglionic structures and nerve fibers) embedded in fibrotic hyalinized tissue. Our results show that a neurolytic celiac plexus block with alcohol is capable of partially destroying the celiac plexus. These findings may explain the significant but short-lasting analgesic effect following neurolytic celiac plexus block with alcohol.     

CT引导下无水乙醇阻滞双侧腹腔神经丛治疗腹部癌性疼痛的评价

目的探讨CT引导下腹腔神经丛无水乙醇阻滞治疗腹部癌性疼痛的价值。方法对无法切除和无法有效止痛的12例晚期上腹部癌症病例，CT引导下以无水酒精10-15毫升实施双侧腹腔神经丛阻滞。评价其止痛效果、不良反应、生存质量等。结果疼痛完全缓解7例，部分缓解3例，患者仅口服或肌注曲马多即能止痛．有效率83.3％；6例完全或部分缓解持续3个月，1例持续4．3个月。全部病例精神状态、饮食和睡眠明显好转。结论CT引导下腹腔神经丛无水乙醇阻滞可较有效地解除上腹部顽固性的癌性疼痛。