接触氯化物工人心电图分析

接触氯化物工人心电图分析河北省职业病防治所（０５００４１）刘美霞，崔力争为了解氯化物（氯化氢、氯气、氯苯、氯联苯等）对作业工人心电图的影响，本文对４９９例接触氯化物工人的心电图进行了分析，报告如下。１对象和方法１．１对象：从事氯化物生产的工人４９９人...     

职业接触某些有机溶剂人员的颊细胞微核发生

已知制鞋工人易患白血病。职业接触甲醛有可能引发口腔癌和鼻咽癌。本研究探讨了职业接触正己烷、甲苯、甲基乙基酮和甲醛与颊细胞微核发生的关系。选择某鞋厂主要接触正己烷、甲苯和甲基乙基酮的男性工人 2 2名作为第 1组。以2 8名 (男性 1 5名 ,女性 1 3名 )职业接触甲醛的病     

多重接触有机溶剂的职业卫生评价

多重接触有机溶剂的职业卫生评价周彤，金锡鹏在接触有机溶剂的生产环境中，工人接触混合溶剂的机会远比接触单一溶剂的机会为多，如生产和使用涂料、塑料、清洁剂、粘胶剂、香料、干洗剂及某些纺织用品时，所用的溶剂多由数种有机溶剂配制而成。酒精有时虽也用作工业溶剂...     

工人脱离职业性噪声接触后的心电图分析

目的探讨工人脱离职业性噪声接触后的心电图变化。方法在进行《广州生物库队列研究》时，第一阶段收集10413名年龄在≥50岁居民的一般资料、体格检查和实验室检查结果。受检者70％为女性，50％以上年龄在60～69岁；受检者中有2120名（21．0％）曾经接触职业性噪声，但均已脱离接触且为退休或离岗者；用上海惠普有限公司制造的MAC-CS多导联心电图机进行12导联的心电图检查；噪声职业接触史通过问卷采集，心电图由2名中级以上具有诊断资格的医师进行独立诊断。结果（1）心电图异常检出率女性为82．4％，明显高于男性的79．1％；不论男性或女性，心电图异常检出率随年龄增加而上升（P=0．000），女性随文化程度增高而明显下降（P=0．000），但无论男女，脱离职业性噪声接触后，其心电图异常检出率与从未职业性噪声接触者比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；（2）比较曾经有职业性噪声接触与非接触者心电图异常的分类，在校正年龄因素和文化程度后，心律失常、心电轴偏移、房或室肥厚、ST-T改变、心肌劳损、冠状动脉综合征等比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论脱离职业性噪声接触后的工人心电图异常检出率未见明显高于非职业性噪音接触者。     

接触丁二烯作业168名工人心电图结果分析

目的　对接触丁二烯作业工人的心电图改变进行分析 ,研究丁二烯对心血管系统的影响。方法　 168名接触丁二烯作业工人为观察组 ,非接触人员 70名为对照组 ,对两组的心电图进行对比和统计分析。结果　观察组与对照组心电图R -R、P -R、Q -T间期比较 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,窦缓、心律不齐、传导阻滞及ST -T改变的发生率观察组明显高于对照组 ;工龄在 10a以上者 ,其心电图改变明显高于 10a以下者。结论　长期接触丁二烯可影响心血管系统 ,其发生率随工龄的延长而明显增加 ,对接触丁二烯作业工人的心电图检查应列为常规检查指标并动态观察。     

锰对接触工人心电图和血压的影响

为评价锰对接触人工心血管功能的影响，本文对６５６名锰作业人工和１５４名对照人工的心电图和血压进行了调查。结果显示，作业场志空气中ＭｎＯ２浓度几何均值为０．１３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３（０．１０－０．９７ｍｇ／ｍ＾３），样品超标率３８．７％。接触组低舒张压检出率（７．６％）明显高于对照组（１．３％，Ｐ〈０．０５），ＯＲ值为６．３（９５％ＣＩ１．５－２６．１）；其舒张均值明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。接触组不同     

职业砷接触工人某些遗传毒性指标的变化

目的探讨职业砷接触工人某些遗传毒性指标的变化。方法选择云南某砒霜厂40人为接触组,当地无明显毒物接触史28人为对照组,检测并评价外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率、微核率、彗星试验拖尾率和尾长,以及尿中总砷、有机砷水平。结果接触组外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率、微核率、彗星试验拖尾率、尾长均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。尿中总砷、有机砷浓度也高于对照组(均低于0.02mg/L)。微核细胞率和微核率随有机砷浓度、工龄乘积增加有升高趋势(rs=0.356,P=0.024;rs=0.347,P=0.028)。结论职业性砷暴露可导致外周血淋巴细胞染色体和DNA损伤。     

佛山市直属企业有机溶剂职业接触状况及有毒作业分级

有机溶剂是工业上常用的原料或用作清洗、去脂等用途，其种类繁多。近五年来我省职业中毒多为有机溶剂中毒。为了解佛山市直属工业企业中的有机溶剂接触状况及其有毒作业分级，我们整理了本所的监测资料和作业现场调查，对照国家颁布的两个有关标准［１，２］进行分析和讨...     

低水平锰接触作业工人心电图改变的探讨

锰烟尘导致神经精神系统功能障碍以及引起锰尘肺或锰矽肺已有广泛的报道,而对心血管功能的影响报道尚少。去年,我们对江宁区某陶瓷厂低水平锰接触作业人员和同厂非接触锰人员的心电图检查结果进行了对比分析,现将结果报告如下。     

汽车制造工人职业噪声接触与心电图异常关系研究

目的探讨汽车制造业职业噪声接触与工人心电图异常的关系.方法采用问卷调查、现场环境检测等方法,对某汽车制造公司706名工人(噪声接触403例,对照303例)进行调查研究.结果噪声接触组的心电图异常率为31.0%,明显高于对照组(19.1%);随着累积噪声接触量(CNE)的增加,心电图异常率明显升高,经趋势x2检验差异有显著性(P＜0.01);Logistic回归分析显示,在排除了常见心血管疾病危险因素的影响后,CNE与心电图异常之间仍然存在较强的联系.结论工人累积噪声接触量与心电图异常之间存在较为明显的剂量-反应关系,职业噪声接触可能是工人心电图异常的危险因素.     

Serum bile acid concentrations as a liver function test in workers occupationally exposed to organic solvents

Summary Liver injury has long been associated with occupational exposure to a wide variety of chemicals. The controversial data existing in relation to hepatotoxicity of organic solvents might be explained as a consequence of the different exposures or it may well be that the tests used for evaluating liver function might not be sensitive enough to detect any mild changes at an early stage. To study liver function during exposure to solvent mixtures, we determined serum bile acid (SBA) concentrations as compared with conventional liver function tests in a selected group of workers (n = 30) occupationally exposed to a mixture of organic solvents (mostly toluene, xylene, acetone, n-butylacetate, n-butanol, ethylacetate) and in a reference group (n = 20). The mean levels of liver enzyme activities and bilirubin concentrations in the two groups were similar, whereas mean SBA levels increased in the exposed group (8.0 ± 6.0 mol/l vs 2.8 ± 1.4 mol/l) and the difference as compared with the controls was significant (P < 0.01). In 73% of the exposed workers, SBA levels were higher than 5.6 mol/l (the cut-off value) as compared with 5% of the controls. These results demonstrate the higher sensitivity in detecting liver dysfunction achieved with the SBA test as compared with conventional hepatic function tests. As increased SBA concentrations are considered to reflect an impairment of anion transport across the liver, higher SBA levels in the group of workers exposed to organic solvents might be explained as a slight and early sign of liver dysfunction. Therefore, SBA determination in biological monitoring of workers exposed to potentially hepatotoxic chemicals might be proposed.     

Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men occupationally exposed to organic solvents

An occupational history of exposure to organic solvents, defined as daily occupational exposure for at least one year, was more common among 167 men with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma than among 130 healthy referents from the general population (38 versus 14%). Categorization in five-year age groups gave 3.3 as a Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio (95% CI 1.9-5.8). The odds ratio was 6.5 (95% CI 3.2-13.3) for localized supradiaphragmatic tumors and 2.3 (95% CI 1.3-4.3) for other lymphoma presentations. In a logistic model including age and organic solvent, phenoxy acid, and chlorophenol exposure, it could be shown that solvent exposure was an independent risk factor and that no important interaction occurred between the risk factors. With increasing duration of exposure there was a significantly increased risk of lymphoma, a finding implying a dose-response relationship. There was no significant difference in tumor histology between the exposed and unexposed patients. These findings support the concept that occupational exposure to organic solvents is a risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The results also confirm a strong association between such exposure and an initial supradiaphragmatic location of the lymphomas.     

Study of some immunological parameters in workers occupationally exposed to benzene

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the immunotoxicity of benzene exposure, to establish the correlation between the exposure biomarkers and some immunological parameters, and to assess the possible influence of confounding factors on the results of immunological assay applicable in routine medical surveillance of benzene-exposed workers. Methods: Forty-nine female workers in the shoemaking industry who were exposed to solvent mixtures and 27 nonexposed controls were examined. Workers were exposed to benzene concentrations of up to 15 ppm, and to toluene of up to 50 ppm. Results: Significant differences in the levels of benzene and toluene in blood and phenols in post-shift urine between the exposed and the control group confirmed solvent exposure. The number of B-lymphocytes (P=0.01) was lower in the shoe workers than in the controls. Significant correlation was found between the level of immunoglobulin G and benzene in the work atmosphere, while confounding factors had no impact on immunological values. Conclusion: According to these results, exposure to benzene concentration lower than 15 ppm can induce depression of the circulating B-lymphocyte level and therefore this fact could be used to develop a promising method for health surveillance of benzene-exposed workers. However, considerably more effort in the research on benzene immunotoxicity, especially in the search for suitable health surveillance methods, is still required. Received: 15 July 1999 / Accepted: 22 January 2000     

二甲基甲酰胺对作业工人心电图影响的分析

通过对某腈纶厂二甲基甲酰胺作业工人进行心电图和心脏听诊检查 ,作业现场DMF浓度检测 ,建立数据库进行分析。心电图检查301人 ,异常94人 ,异常率31.23 % ;男性异常率为33.33 % ,女性异常率为22.95 %(P<0.05) ;现场检测DMF159点次 ,合格率为83.02 %。二甲基甲酰胺作业工人心脏功能受到了不同程度的影响 ,心电图检查应作为DMF作业工人健康监护的主要检查项目。     

Behavioural evaluation of workers exposed to mixtures of organic solvents

Reports from Scandinavia have suggested behavioural impairment among long term workers exposed to solvents below regulatory standards. A cross sectional study of behavioural performance was conducted among printers and spray painters exposed to mixtures of organic solvents to replicate the Scandinavian studies and to examine dose-response relationships. Eligible subjects consisted of 640 hourly workers from four midwestern United States companies. Of these, 269 responded to requests to participate and 240 were selected for study based on restrictions for age, sex, education, and other potentially confounding variables. The subjects tested had been employed on average for six years. Each subject completed an occupational history, underwent a medical examination, and completed a battery of behavioural tests. These included the Fitts law psychomotor task, the Stroop colour-word test, the Sternberg short term memory scanning test, the short term memory span test, and the continuous recognition memory test. Solvent exposure for each subject was defined as an exposed or non-exposed category based on a plant industrial hygiene walk-through and the concentration of solvents based on an analysis of full shift personal air samples by gas chromatography. The first definition was used to maintain consistency with Scandinavian studies, but the second was considered to be more accurate. The average full shift solvent concentration was 302 ppm for the printing plant workers and 6-13 ppm for the workers at other plants. Isopropanol and hexane were the major components, compared with toluene in Scandinavian studies. Performance on behavioural tests was analysed using multiple linear regression with solvent concentration as an independent variable. Other relevant demographic variables were also considered for inclusion. No significant (p greater than 0.05) relation between solvent concentration and impairment on any of the 10 behavioural variables was observed after controlling for confounding variables. Exposed/non-exposed comparisons showed a significantly poorer digit span among those exposed, but this has not been generally reported in the Scandinavian studies. The medical examination showed no abnormalities of clinical significance. The inability to replicate the findings of the Scandinavian studies could have been due to the shortness of the duration of workers' exposure, the type of solvents in the mixtures, use of different behavioural tests, or to selection factors.     

混合有机溶剂作业工人职业病危害探讨

目的 探讨使用混合有机溶剂对工人潜在的健康影响.方法 选择13家存在接触混合有机溶剂作业的企业,以663名工人为接触组;以不接触化学毒物的510名机关工作人员为对照组,观察相应的健康损害效应.结果 工作场所混合有机溶剂质量浓度存在超标情况;接触组头痛、头晕、失眠、食欲不振、乏力、慢性咽炎、牙龈出血、记忆力减退等发生率高于对照组,窦性心律异常、脂肪肝、肝脏回声增粗、白细胞减少、丙氨酸氨基转移酶增高发生率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 混合有机溶剂对作业工人的身体健康容易造成不同程度的损害,应控制和减少职业接触,保障作业工人的健康.     

Impairment of colour vision in workers exposed to organic solvents

OBJECTIVES—To investigate loss of colour vision related to exposure to solvents and the role of three enzyme polymorphisms in modifying the risk in exposed workers.
METHODS—A sample was studied of 68 male dockyard workers and 42 male community controls with and without neuropsychological symptoms from a previous cross sectional study. Indices of cumulative and intensity based exposure to solvents were calculated for all subjects. Alcohol, drug, and smoking histories were obtained. Colour vision was tested by Lanthony D15d colour vision test. Genotype of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 and N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphisms were determined.
RESULTS—The relation between impairment of colour vision and exposure to solvents was investigated with multiple regression techniques. Increasing annual exposure to solvents was significantly associated with reduced colour vision (p=0.029). Impairment of colour vision was not associated with neuropsychological symptoms as measured by the Q16 solvent symptom questionnaire. No significant association was found between acquired impairment of colour vision and genetic polymorphisms when GSTM1, GSTT1 or NAT2 phenotypes were included in the analyses.
CONCLUSIONS—Exposure to mixed solvents is associated with impairment in colour vision, the risk increases with increasing exposure. The risk of impairment of colour vision was not altered in this study by the presence of different GSTM1, GSTT1 or NAT2 polymorphisms.


Keywords: colour vision; organic solvents; genetic polymorphisms     

Olfactory sensitivity in medical laboratory workers occupationally exposed to organic solvent mixtures

BACKGROUND: Published epidemiological information relating the effects of occupational exposure to organic solvents (OS) to olfaction is limited. AIMS: The objectives of this pilot study were to measure the chemosensory abilities of medical laboratory employees occupationally exposed to OS mixtures, to compare these with control workers employed within the same occupational setting and to correlate chemosensory performance with OS exposure history and with employees' hedonic (pleasantness) perceptions about workplace OS odors. METHODS: Twenty-four medical laboratory employees (OS-exposed technicians plus control workers minimally exposed to OS) completed a health-related questionnaire, a test of pyridine odor detection threshold, along with a gustatory detection threshold test involving aqueous quinine solutions. Estimates of cumulative hours of OS exposure (CSI) were calculated from self-reports. RESULTS: OS-exposed laboratory technicians detected weaker concentrations of pyridine odor. Positive correlations were detected between CSI estimates to both pyridine detection and the degree that participants reported that OS odors were present in the workplace. However, no association was detected between pyridine detection and how unpleasant workplace OS odors were perceived. The OS-exposed participants were able to detect weaker concentrations of quinine. Compared to controls, OS-exposed workers complained more of experiencing several symptoms while working, including headaches, nasal irritation and mild cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this cross-sectional pilot study indicated that, compared to controls, medical laboratory technicians exposed to low-level OS mixtures displayed evidence of elevated olfactory sensitivity (hyperosmia) to pyridine odor. The relation of this study's results to chemical intolerance warrants further investigation.