女性压力性尿失禁经阴道尿道中段悬吊术后症状持续或复发的补救手术

目的 评估经阴道尿道中段网片耻骨降支悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)首次经阴道尿道中段悬吊术(MUSs)后症状持续或复发的效果. 方法 选取2005年6月至2011年6月收治的女性SUI患者32例,年龄44～72岁,平均59岁.首次手术前诊断为单纯SUI 26例,以SUI为主的混合性尿失禁6例.尿失禁程度为中度16例,重度16例.首次手术方式为经阴道尿道中段无张力悬吊术(TVT)2例,经阴道无张力悬带成形术(IVS)4例,经闭孔(由内到外)尿道中段悬吊术(TVT-O) 17例,经闭孔(由外到内)尿道中段悬吊术(TOT)3例,赫美经阴道尿道中段吊带术(Tsling)1例,其他改良吊带MUSs术5例.9例术后即主观无效,随访6个月主观症状仍与术前无异;23例术后6个月症状复发并渐加重,随访12个月主观症状与术前无异.对本组32例采用经阴道尿道中段网片耻骨降支悬吊术治疗,记录手术时间、出血量,于术后3、6、12个月随访,统计分析术后残余尿量、术后疗效、并发症等情况. 结果 本组32例平均手术时间(41.1±13.1)min,平均出血量(70.6±23.8)ml,无手术相关的损伤及并发症发生.30例术后留置导尿6h、2例留置导尿48 h后均可自行排尿.B超检查测残余尿量0～80 ml,平均(23.8±21.4)ml,平均住院时间(4.8±1.1)d.出院时26例主观治愈,4例明显改善,2例症状仍持续.总有效率为93.8％(30/32).随访3、6、12个月时总有效率分别为93.8％(30/32)、93.3％(28/30)、86.2％(25/29).随访12个月时出现2例复发,1例网片侵蚀,无其他并发症发生. 结论经阴道尿道中段网片耻骨降支悬吊术作为MUSs术后症状持续或复发的补救治疗方法具有总有效率高、手术过程简单、易于掌握、经济性好、可重复操作的优点,其手术操作悬吊点位于耻骨降支,避免了其他补救方法需经闭孔或耻骨后操作引起的各种并发症,同时在解剖上支持其疗效的长期性.     

两种经闭孔无张力尿道悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的对比研究

目的 比较由外向内经闭孔无张力尿道悬吊术(TOT)及由内向外经闭孔无张力尿道悬吊术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析我院68 例女性SUI患者,30 例行TOT 术,38 例行TVT-O 术的临床资料.SUI 诊断主要根据患者症状、妇科检查、压力试验及尿动力学检查.术前及术后6 个月按照国际尿失禁问卷调查表进行评分,评价其主观治愈率.记录手术时间、术中及术后并发症、术中失血量、术后尿管留置时间、住院天数及术后6~24 个月随访结果.结果 TVT-O 组术后出现2 例大腿内侧疼痛(5.3%)和1 例急迫性尿失禁,TOT 组出现2 例短暂性尿潴留.两组手术时间、术中出血量及住院天数无明显差异(P>0.05).两组手术方式均无膀胱穿孔、排尿困难及阴道腐蚀现象.随访6~24 个月,TOT 组治愈率为97.2%,TVT-O 组治愈率为96.3%.两组术后尿失禁生活质量量表(I-QOL)评分明显高于术前,盆腔器官脱垂尿失禁患者性功能问卷(P-ISQ)性生活质量评分术前术后无明显改变.结论 TOT 与TVT-O 均可作为治疗女性SUI 的安全、有效的方法.     

中段尿道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的多中心研究

目的 探讨中段尿道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床疗效、手术指征和并发症的处理.方法 单纯压力性尿失禁的患者304例和混合性尿失禁的患者8例,均为女性,纳入本研究.其中接受TVT吊带术134例,TVTO吊带术167例,Monarc吊带术11例.围手术期评估包括:手术时间、出血量、术中术后并发症.手术效果分为治愈、显效、无效.在患者出院时、术后3个月、术后每年评价疗效和并发症.结果 TVT组手术时间(18.5±9.6)min和出血量(32.2±12.6)ml多于TVTO组(11.5±3.1)min,(12.8±8.5)ml和Monarc组(11.1±2.6)min,(12.3±3.5)ml(P<0.05).三种术式均有较高的治愈率和显效率,不同术式的近期和中长期治愈率、显效率和无效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).单纯压力性尿失禁患者治愈率(95.7% )显著高于混合性尿失禁患者(37.5% )(P<0.01).3种术式的总并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,但膀胱损伤仅发生在TVT组,闭孔神经损伤和阴道损伤仅发生在TVTO组.术后排尿困难和尿潴留是中段尿道吊带术的最常见并发症.结论 经耻骨上途径(TVT)和经闭孔途径(TVTO、Monarc)中段尿道吊带术治疗压力性尿失禁均具有手术简单、微创、中长期疗效好、并发症少等优点.     

经闭孔和经耻骨后入路尿道下悬吊术治疗压力性尿失禁的疗效比较:一项前瞻性多中心随机对照研究

作者报道了一项经闭孔和经耻骨后入路于尿道后方行尿道悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的前瞻性随机比较研究结果.从2004年3月～2005年5月,88例经临床和尿流动力学检查诊断的连续病例(年龄>18岁)随机分为经耻骨后入路组(RPR组,42例)和经闭孔入路组(TOR组,46例),行尿道悬吊术.     

提高压力性尿失禁手术安全性的建议

临床上治疗女性压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)目前主要有三种方式:耻骨后尿道悬吊术、悬吊带术和膀胱颈旁填充剂注射.阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术是悬吊带术中的一种,由于技术和材料改进,该手术方法更加微创、简便,已在世界范围内被公认为显著有效治疗女性SUI的手术方法[1].     

自体筋膜尿道悬吊治疗女性压力性尿失禁的探讨

目的：探讨自体筋膜尿道悬吊术在女性压力性尿失禁治疗中的效果。方法：采用经耻骨上人路自体筋膜尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁,回顾性分析2000年2月～2007年12月采用该手术方式治疗28例女性压力性尿失禁患者的临床资料和治疗效果。结果：所有患者无耻骨后血肿形成,无尿道损伤;膀胱损伤1例,延长导尿管留置时间后治愈;28例患者术后拔除尿管均能自行排尿并满意控尿,6例患者出现不同程度不稳定膀胱症状,经对症处理缓解。随访9～21个月,平均15个月,无压力性尿失禁症状复发及排尿困难。结论：自体筋膜尿道悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁简单易行,操作安全,损伤性较小,费用低廉。     

经闭孔尿道中段无张力悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁护理研究

目的:探讨经闭孔阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TOT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁围手术期的护理.方法:对我科自2007年8月至2010年6月采用TOT术治疗的35例女性压力性尿失禁患者,进行术前心理护理、泌尿系和阴道的准备、术后护理及排尿的观察、随诊.结果:35例女性压力性尿失禁患者术后随访2-24个月,治愈率100%.结论:经闭孔阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术是治疗女性压力性尿失禁的有效方法,配合积极的护理、有效的膀胱功能锻炼,可提高术后效果及排尿自控力.     

改良经阴道闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁30例

目的探讨改良经阴道闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术(tension free vaginal tape-obturator,TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(female stress urinary incontinence,FSUI)的临床效果。方法 2015年11月~2016年6月对30例FSUI实施改良TVT-O,利用聚丙烯网片根据患者骨盆大小术中自制成相应的吊带,10号丝线固定于两端;尿道中段宽约1.2 cm切开阴道黏膜及黏膜下层为入口,向耻骨降支方向钝性分离阴道黏膜下层与尿道、膀胱的间隙,经耻骨降支的后缘达闭孔膜所形成的隧道为路径,阴蒂的水平与大腿内侧皮肤皱褶交界处为出口;利用螺旋穿刺针及其头部"L"形的卡槽,以及10号丝线牵引、放置、调整吊带。结果 30例手术成功,1例术后出现尿潴留后经吊带松解术治愈。手术时间25~130 min,(43.9±17.8)min;术中出血5~100 ml,(28.3±20.8)ml;术后住院3~10 d,(4.0±1.7)d。术中未发生膀胱、输尿管、神经等损伤,术后无尿失禁复发,也无慢性腿部疼痛、吊带侵蚀及网片排异反应等。29例随访3~10个月,手术治愈率90.0%(27/30),改善率6.7%(2/30)。结论改良TVT-O治疗FSUI疗效确切,安全可靠,操作简便、微创,值得临床应用。     

膀胱颈悬吊术与尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁疗效比较

目的分析膀胱颈悬吊术和尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效、合并症和费用,以探讨尿道中段悬吊术的临床应用价值。方法1998-2004年手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁患者46例,平均年龄52岁(25～84岁),行膀胱颈悬吊术18例(A组),尿道中段悬吊术28例(B组)。平均随访20个月(3～69个月)。根据患者主诉,排尿正常、完全自控、无尿失禁为治愈,尿失禁减少>50%为改善,症状未减轻或加重为失败;总有效率为治愈率加改善率。结果45例有效,总有效率98%,其中治愈40例(87%)。A、B组平均手术时间分别为(66.7±9.8)min和(35.1±12.1)min,P<0.01;平均住院日分别为(12.8±8.4)d和(4.8±2.3)d,P<0.05;留置尿管时间分别为(9.6±4.5)d和(2.4±1.2)d,P<0.01。A组13例治愈,4例改善,1例失败,平均手术费用人民币9112.2元;B组27例治愈,1例改善,平均费用人民币11210.4元,P>0.05。术后近期A组发生尿潴留5例(28%),B组3例(11%),P<0.05;A组术后3～7年发生侵蚀,造成尿道阴道瘘3例,而B组尚未发生严重远期合并症。结论尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁手术简单、安全、未明显增加手术费用,是治疗女性压力性尿失禁的首选术式。     

经阴道前壁尿道悬吊器对经闭孔途径治疗失败的女性压力性尿失禁的疗效

目的探讨经耻骨后经阴道前壁尿道悬吊器(TVT-EXACT)治疗经闭孔途径治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)失败后患者的手术方法、并发症的发生及预防、有效性及其安全性。方法女性SUI患者12例采用耻骨后经阴道前壁尿道悬吊器治疗。于术前及术后2个月进行国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷表简表(ICI-Q-SF)评分。结果 12例患者均顺利完成手术,无膀胱穿刺伤、无耻骨后血肿形成。2例发生术后排尿困难、尿潴留:1例经留置尿管2周后缓解;另1例留置尿管4周后缓解,控尿正常,SUI未复发。术后随访12~24个月,平均16.5个月,无SUI复发。完全改善率91.67%(11/12),1例患者明显改善,但有偶尔少量漏尿。术后生活质量评分明显改善,ICI-Q-SF评分术后2个月(0.33±0.33)明显好于术前(15.50±0.94)(P0.01)。结论经耻骨后经阴道前壁尿道悬吊器(TVT-EXACT)治疗经闭孔途径治疗女性SUI失败后患者简单易行,操作安全,并发症发生率低.术后效果满意。     

Comparison between the retropubic and transobturator approaches in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness and complications

Objective

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and complications between the retropubic and transobturator approaches for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) by conducting a systematic review.

Materials and Methods

We selected all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared retropubic and transobturator sling placements for treatment of SUI. We estimated pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for intraoperative and postoperative outcomes and complications.

Results

Six hundred twelve studies that compared retropubic and transobturator approaches to midurethral sling placement were identified, of which 16 were included in our research. Our study was based on results from 2646 women. We performed a subgroup analysis to compare outcomes and complications between the two approaches. The evidence to support the superior approach that leads to better objective/subjective cure rate was insufficient. The transobturator approach was associated with lower risks of bladder perforation (odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.32), retropubic/vaginal hematoma (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16-0.63), and long-term voiding dysfunction (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.17-0.61). However, the risk of thigh/groin pain seemed higher in the transobturator group (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.72-3.72). We found no statistically significant differences in the risks of other complications between the two approaches.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis shows analogical objective and subjective cure rates between the retropubic and transobturator approaches to midurethral sling placement. The transobturator approach was associated with lower risks of several complications. However, good-quality studies with long-term follow-ups are warranted for further research.     

经耻骨后和经闭孔尿道中段无张力悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效观察

目的:观察经耻骨后和经闭孔尿道无张力悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁(Stress urinary incontinence,SUI)的疗效。方法:选择女性SUI患者198例,病程2~25年,平均7.3年;年龄41~78岁,平均58.3岁。采用经耻骨后无张力阴道吊带术(tension-free vaginal tape,TVT,57例为TVT组)或经闭孔尿道下无张力吊带术(transobturator vaginal tape inside-out,TVT-O,141例为TVT-O组)进行治疗。结果:本文患者随访6~120个月,179例(90.4%)治愈,其中TVT组平均随访86个月,治愈51例(89.5%),改善4例(7%);TVT-O组平均随访38个月,治愈128例(90.7%),改善6例(4.3%);疗效不佳9例(3.5%)。TVT组2例发生膀胱穿孔(3.5%),TVT-O组3例出现腹股沟血肿伴下肢大腿根部疼痛,2例出现短期单下肢活动障碍,但经保守治疗均好转;术后拔除尿管后排尿困难5例,其中TVT组2例,TVT-O组3例,经多次下压式尿道扩张及延长保留尿管后解除梗阻、恢复正常排尿4例;TVT组中1例采用尿道扩张无效而剪断悬吊带。结论:经阴道中段无张力悬吊术(尤其是TVT-O)操作简便,疗效佳,并发症少,是治疗女性SUI的有效方法。     

Management of recurrent stress urinary incontinence and urinary retention following midurethral sling insertion in women

INTRODUCTION

Synthetic midurethral slings are the most common operations performed for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, there is only very scarce evidence regarding the management of complications from these operations. The aim of this survey was to canvass expert opinion regarding the management of recurrent SUI and urinary retention following insertion of these slings.

METHODS

Expert urologists and urogynaecologists in the UK with an interest in SUI were identified. Three clinical scenarios on recurrent SUI and one on urinary retention following midurethral sling placements were emailed twice to the experts.

RESULTS

The majority of the experts chose a repeat synthetic midurethral retropubic transvaginal tape (TVT) as the procedure of choice for recurrent SUI in patients who had had a previous TVT or midurethral transobturator tape inserted. In patients who continued to suffer SUI after a failed second TVT, there were mixed results with experts choosing fascial slings, colposuspension and bulking agents as their preferred method of treatment. In women who develop urinary retention following a TVT, tape pull-down within two weeks was the preferred method among the experts. However, division of the tape within two to six weeks following the procedure was also popular.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on expert opinion, it is difficult to make a recommendation as to the best method of treating recurrent SUI or urinary retention following tape insertion. There is an urgent requirement for well conducted, multicentre, randomised clinical trials to look at the management of these complications and also the tools used to assess the patient before salvage surgical management.     

四种中段尿道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的比较

目的比较4种中段尿道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁（stress urinary incontinence,SUI）的疗效。方法回顾分析80例行中段尿道吊带术的女性SUI患者的临床资料,其中改良Stamey法14例、In-fast法12例、TVT法42例及TVT-O法12例。结果组间比较,手术时间有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,其中TVT-O组时间最短,为（18.8±4.3）min,改良Stamey组时间最长,达（52.1±5.4）min。80例患者随访3~100个月,70例（87.5%）治愈,尿失禁症状完全消失;7例（8.75%）改善;3例（3.75%）失败。改良Stamey组、In-fast组、TVT组及TVT-O组治愈率分别为78.6%、75.0%、92.9%及91.7%,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。改良Stamey组2例患者术后出现排尿困难,经多次下压式尿道扩张无效而剪断悬吊线;In-fast吊带组1例患者因阴道吊带外露而拆除,TVT组及TVT-O组术后各有1例患者出现排尿困难,经下压式尿道扩张后解除梗阻。结论4种尿道吊带术疗效相似,均为治疗女性压力性尿失禁安全、有效的方法;其中TVT-O因操作简单手术时间最短。     

TVT-O治疗女性压力性尿失禁长期疗效分析

目的 探讨由内向外经闭孔尿道中段无张力悬吊术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的长期疗效.方法 分析2004年8月至2006年8月应用TVT-O手术治疗68例女性SUI患者的临床和随访资料,探讨TVT-O术后至少6年的治愈率及常见并发症.结果 以尿失禁症状消失和咳嗽试验阴性定义为临床治愈,在TVT-O术后6周、1年和6年的治愈率分别是85.3％(58/68)、82.4％(56/68)和80.9％(55/68),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后排尿困难3例,新发尿急4例,大腿根部和腹股沟区疼痛13例,均行相关处理.术后复发3例,采用其他疗法.结论 TVT-O是治疗女性SUI的有效术式,其长期疗效持续稳定.TVT-O严重并发症少见,但术后腹股沟疼痛需引起高度重视.     

Bone-anchored suburethral sling: Surgical technique and outcomes

The gold standard treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the autologous rectus fascia pubovaginal sling. Although successful, it is associated with increased morbidity related to the graft harvest. Because of this, less invasive techniques were developed, including the retropubic and transobturator midurethral sling and the bone-anchored sling (BAS). Early reported outcome failures and concern for bone-anchored-related complications caused BAS to fall out of favor. However, technique modifications and use of a more durable graft or mesh have proven that the transvaginal placement of BAS is actually safe and effective in treating patients with SUI. Further, recent evidence suggests that the bone-anchored sling may be a reasonable option for treatment of patients with moderate to severe and/or recurrent SUI.     

Suburethrale Bänder TVT und TOT

The introduction of tension-free vaginal tapes has led to a complete change of surgical therapy in female urinary stress incontinence. Different materials are used. In many departments, the classic TVT procedure with retropubic placement of the tape has been replaced by transobturator procedures. The current discussion involving transobturator tapes focuses on the question of whether the inside-out technique or the outside-in technique leads to significantly different results. Current state of the art is that all techniques are almost comparable concerning treatment success and complications. Depending on possible pretreatments or concomitant diseases that result in a higher risk for complications, the decision for one technique can be taken individually for each patient. In patients suffering from recurrent stress urinary incontinence after implantation of a tension-free tape, the retropubic implantation of a TVT seems to be superior to a transobturator tape.     

Does Body Mass Index Impact Passing Voiding Trial After Midurethral Sling Procedures for Stress Urinary Incontinence?

OBJECTIVE:: To test the hypothesis that body mass index (BMI) is a factor associated with passing a voiding trial after midurethral sling procedures for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). STUDY DESIGN:: The medical records of 136 consecutive patients who underwent placement of either tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) or transobturator tape (TOT) for SUI during a 1-year period (September 1, 2007 to August 31, 2008) were retrospectively reviewed. Variables assessed were BMI, age, and passing or failing a postoperative urinary voiding trial. Patients with concomitant pelvic organ prolapse surgeries were not included in this analysis. RESULTS:: Sixty-seven patients underwent TVT, whereas 69 had TOT procedures. In the TVT group, 30 patients (42%) were unable to void immediately postoperatively compared with 11 patients (16%) in the TOT group (P = 0.0003). The mean (SD) age and BMI of patients who failed or passed voiding trials was 58.6 (12.0) years and 28.0 (4.9) kg/m or 53.5 (12.3) years and 29.8 (5.7) kg/m, respectively. Of 38 patients who did not pass a voiding trial on the day of the procedure, 31 (82%) passed on postoperative day 1, and all patients had passed a voiding trial by postoperative day 11. The mean (SD) BMI for 7 patients who did not pass voiding trial by postoperative day 1 was 28.3 (5.2) kg/m. CONCLUSIONS:: Women with higher BMIs were more likely to pass voiding trials after midurethral sling procedures. Patients who had TOT placement had greater success passing a postprocedure voiding trial than did patients who had TVT placement.     

经闭孔无张力尿道中段吊带术联合阴道前壁修补术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的 评价经闭孔无张力尿道中段吊带术(TVT-O)联合阴道前壁修补术治疗合并阴道前壁脱垂的女性压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)的效果.方法 行TVT-O联合阴道前壁修补术治疗合并阴道前壁脱垂的女性压力性尿失禁18例.术后随访12个月,进行主观治疗结果及术后远期并发症的调查.术后12个月时,复查盆腔器官脱垂定量分度法(POP-Q)分期、尿流率、性生活质量评分(PISQ-12).结果 尿失禁主观治愈率为88.9%(16/18),主观改善率为11.1%(2/18).4例阴道前壁脱垂复发(术前Ⅲ期3例,Ⅱ期1例,术后均为Ⅰ期),11名有规律性生活的患者PISQ-12评分术前术后分别为27.5±4.4和31.2±6.1(P＜0.05).结论 TVT-O联合阴道前壁修补术治疗合并中度阴道前壁脱垂的女性压力性尿失禁简便易行,疗效可靠,对患者性功能无不利影响.     

Management of stress urinary incontinence

Female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common condition with significant impact on a woman’s quality of life. The prevalence of SUI is about 50%. Previously, the majority of incontinence procedures were performed via an abdominal approach (Burch colposuspension). The tension-free procedures, with a synthetic tape material, have replaced almost completely the previous surgeries and is nowadays considered the gold standard option for surgical treatment of female SUI. A wide spectrum of tape-based surgical procedures and devices are currently available. Today, Burch colposuspension has a role in patients undergoing abdominal pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair as a concomitant procedure in those patients with urethral hypermobility or those with contraindication to mid-urethral slings (MUS) placement. The objective success rate reported of this procedure ranges between 49% and 88%. Mid-urethral synthetic slings represent the most common procedures for SUI in North America and Europe. Cure rate of retropubic MUS approaches 86% with a satisfaction rate of about 75%. For transobturator tape MUS the objective success rate at 12 months is 87% and the satisfaction rate is 85%. Single incision mini-slings (SIMS) were introduced in 2003 and they have a different anchoring mechanism, located at the two extremities, that allows the stabilization of the tape in the obturator internal muscle or deeper in the obturator channel trough a single vaginal incision. Reported objective cure rate is 78% and satisfaction rate is 82%. According to the most recent EAU guidelines about incontinence and the UK National Institute for Healthcare and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the surgeon must be able to offer alternative surgical treatments and have the knowledge of efficacy and safety of these approaches at counseling of the patient. The objective cure rate is rather similar among the different types and routs of mid-urethral slings and the difference vs. Burch colposuspension seems to disappear at 5 years follow-up, when effectiveness is comparable. There is no significant difference in erosion rates between transobturator and retropubic approaches among mid-urethral tapes, but they are lower when compared to SIMS. The injury rate of nearby organs is quite low for all types of approaches, except for retropubic slings.