腓骨移植治疗上肢侵袭性良性骨肿瘤和恶性骨肿瘤

应用带血管腓骨治疗上肢侵袭性良性骨肿瘤和恶性骨肿瘤１０例，不带血管腓骨治疗桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤１３例，总共２３例．随访时间２～１２年，随访中使用ＥＣＴ（单光子照射扫描照相）．彩色多普勒血管超声检查，以及Ｘ线片检查．结果显示带血管腓骨１０例移植骨片生长良好，移植骨片与受骨愈合牢固；不带血管腓骨移植骨片长度超过６ｃｍ时愈合困难。本组带血管腓骨移植骨片最长２６ｃｍ，最短９ｃｍ，这种手术最大的进步是病变组织可彻底切除，切除后可一期重建缺损组织。另一个优点是移植后的骨片周径可有增粗。     

带血管腓骨移植治疗骨肿瘤截除后骨缺损

总结２２例四肢骨肿瘤截除后骨缺损，采用带血管腓骨移植修复，其中吻合血管腓骨移植１５例，带血管蒂腓骨移位移植７例，手术效果满意。本术式的适应证为：长管骨良性或低度恶性肿瘤，肿瘤较局限，全身情况较好者，骨肿瘤截除后缺损在７ｃｍ以上者。同时讨论了该术式在骨肿瘤治疗中的价值等。     

应用显微外科技术修复骨肿瘤骨缺损

目的：介绍骨肿瘤骨缺损的显微外科治疗及临床疗效。方法：回顾性的总结15例骨肿瘤巨大骨缺损的显微外科手术治疗资料。病灶处理：切刮12例，段截3例。作带血管蒂的的骨块转位移植12例，吻合血管的游离腓骨移植3例。结果：全部病例获长期随访，平均随访3年。所有病例在术后3～4月达骨愈合，无一例复发。结论：应用显微外科技术修复骨肿瘤巨大骨缺损，能缩短骨愈合时间，复发少，患功能恢复好。     

带血管游离腓骨移植修复上肢骨关节缺损

应用吻合血管的游离腓骨移植重建上肢骨关节是良好的选择 ,其要领报道如下。1　适应症选择1 1　我们认为桡骨下端 ,肱骨上端的骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的重建 ,以吻合血管的自体腓骨头移植为最佳。长期随访未发现如异体或合成移植物置入后的异物反应、松动、关节活动受影响的现象。Ｍｕｒｒａｒｙ曾在 18例桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤的患者使用不吻合血管的腓骨头移植 ,结果有 5例腓骨和桡骨对接部发生骨不连 ,3例发生移植腓骨骨折[1] 。1 2　对于外伤、炎症、先天性因素等引起的骨干部缺损 ,有部分病例虽缺损小于 6ｃｍ ,我们仍采用吻合血管的游离腓骨…     

吻合血管腓骨移植48例报告

目的　探索吻合血管腓骨移植治疗长管骨大段骨缺损的方法与效果。方法　长管骨骨缺损６ ｃｍ 以上４８ 例,用对侧腓骨游离移植修复缺损,均携带供观察腓骨血供的“监测皮岛”或供修复皮肤软组织缺损的皮瓣。结果　１ 例失败,４４ 例于术后３ ～６ 个月、３ 例于１ 年内骨性愈合。随访３ 年以上３６ 例,移植腓骨均增粗、塑形,酷似受区长管骨。结论　吻合血管腓骨移植治疗长管骨大段骨缺损效果满意,“监测皮岛”是保证腓骨血供的有效监测手段     

游离腓骨复合移植重建上肢关节功能及骨缺损

目的：吻合血管的腓骨复合移植适用于一期修复上肢长骨骨缺损及重建关节功能。方法：自１９８５年以来，采用折叠腓骨段及复合组织瓣修复尺桡骨同时骨缺损４例；小儿肱骨近端肿瘤瘤段切除后采用吻合血管带腓骨小头的腓骨移植重建肩关节功能９例；桡骨远端肿瘤瘤段切除后取吻合血管带腓骨小头的腓骨移植重建桡腕关节６例。结果：经术后２～１０年随访，重建的肩关节、桡腕关节功能恢复令人满意，尺桡骨骨缺损一期修复，骨愈合良好。结论：复合的游离腓骨移植是扩大应用于关节功能重建的有效方法。     

四支骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损的显微外科治疗

自１９８０年２月～１９８９年３月应用显微外科技术治疗四肢骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损共３９例。其中良性骨肿瘤２０例，恶性１９例。吻合血管的腓骨移植２２例，髂骨移植６例；带血管蒂的腓骨移植４例，髂骨移植７例。术后随访时间２～９年。结果成功３７例，恶性骨肿瘤术后局部复发行截肢１例，肺转移死亡１例，成功率为９４．８％。骨愈合时间较传统的骨移植缩短，平均为２．８个月。恶性肿瘤术后两年以上无瘤存活率达８９．４％。     

活骨移植治疗四肢骨肿瘤切除后长段骨与关节缺损

目的:探讨四肢骨肿瘤的广泛或边缘切除后,长段骨关节缺损的修复方法及其疗效。方法:四肢骨肿瘤切除术后骨缺损14例,男10例,女4例;年龄4~37岁。骨巨细胞瘤4例,骨化性纤维瘤1例,非骨化性纤维瘤2例,韧带样纤维瘤1例,骨纤维结构不良3例,侵袭性骨母细胞瘤1例,软骨母细胞瘤1例,瘤样病损致骨溶解1例。14例四肢侵袭性良性骨肿瘤行肿瘤广泛或边缘切除,应用吻合血管的腓骨、带腓骨头腓骨近端和带旋髂深血管的髂骨瓣移植修复骨缺损、重建桡腕关节和重建肩关节。移植体行简单内固定加外固定。术后定期复查X线片、多普勒血管超声,其中3例行ECT核素骨扫描,并作关节功能评定。结果:随访3个月~5年,13例均于手术后3个月后达Ⅰ期愈合,其中1例因内固定松动再次手术而愈合。1例肿瘤局部复发,再次行肿瘤切刮与植骨术后愈合;2例畸形愈合行截骨矫形后愈合。关节功能评定:优9例,良3例,差2例。结论:骨肿瘤切除后行骨移植修复骨缺损、重建关节,手术切除彻底,复发率低,植骨愈合可靠,重建后的关节功能良好。     

骨肿瘤

20060475儿童长骨骨巨细胞瘤诊断及外科治疗，20060476皮质外骨桥固定特制假体置换治疗肢体骨肿瘤，20060477应用携带监测皮岛的腓骨移植重建股骨上段肿瘤术后骨缺损，20060478经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体恶性肿瘤（附23例报告）,20060479人工关节异体骨复合移植修复骨肿瘤切除后的骨与关节缺损.[编者按]     

肱骨近端骨肿瘤的显微外科修复

自１９８０年以来，应用显微外科技术修得肱骨近端肿瘤切除后的骨缺损１３例，取得良好效果。彻底切除病灶是显微重建的前提，肿瘤切除后遗留长段肱骨近端缺损，宜选择腓血管蒡腓骨上段半关节移植修复。在成人中需切取１０ｃｍ以内腓骨上段关节移植，而在儿童用带腓骨骺移植时则选择膝下外血管蒡腓内上段骨瓣最佳。     

桡骨远端巨细胞瘤切除自体腓骨头移植重建的远期疗效观察

目的 观察桡骨远端巨细胞瘤切除后取自体腓骨头移植重建的远期疗效.方法 对1994年3月至2004年11月31例桡骨远端巨细胞瘤患者行肿瘤大段切除,取自体腓骨上段移植重建.其中男性12例,女性19例;年龄19～48岁,平均31岁.Campanacci分期Ⅲ期24例,Ⅱ期7例.采用吻合血管的腓骨移植6例,其余25例行单纯腓骨移植.对本组患者进行临床及影像学评估,测量患者腕关节活动度、前臂旋前及旋后的活动度,测量患肢的握力.分别以MSTS评分及Mayo腕关节评分系统评价上肢及腕关节功能.结果 随访时间41～169个月,平均86.3个月.吻合血管的腓骨移植骨愈合时间为3～9个月,平均5.1个月.单纯腓骨移植患者骨愈合时间为7～15个月,平均10.3个月.1例单纯腓骨移植患者术后出现骨不愈合.1例患者术后出现肿瘤局部复发,复发率为3.2%.5例患者术后出现桡腕关节脱位.患者术后腕关节活动度为背伸(67.3±9.4)°、掌屈(31.2±5.1)°、桡偏(14.1±4.7)°、尺偏(19.4±3.9)°、前臂旋前(33.8±6.6)°、前臂旋后(15.3±4.0)°.对桡腕关节成型的28例患者进行握力测量为15.5～52.1 kg,平均33.1 kg,占健侧握力的73%.MSTS评分为23～29分,平均25.5分,Mayo腕关节功能评分40～65分,平均56分.结论 取自体腓骨上端移植重建是治疗桡骨远端巨细胞瘤的有效方法,术后患者腕关节功能恢复理想.腕关节囊的重建对于维持桡腕关节的术后稳定具有重要意义.     

Vascularized fibular graft for reconstruction after resection of aggressive benign and malignant bone tumors.

From 1982 to 1991, 19 patients at Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan, underwent resection of aggressive benign and malignant bone tumors, with limb salvage and reconstruction by free vascularized fibula grafts. The patients were followed up for an average of 54 months. The reconstructed site was the jaw in 6 cases, upper extremity in 3, spine in 1, pelvis in 2, and lower extremity in 7. Six patients had aggressive benign lesions, and 13 had malignant lesions. The sizes of the resultant bone defect ranged from 6 to 20 cm, and the lengths of fibular used ranged from 8 to 24 cm. The average time to union was 4.1 months (2-9 months) in the extremities and pelvis. Local recurrence was observed in 3 cases, for whom vascularized fibula grafts were performed for recurrent tumors. In cases of primary untreated tumors, no recurrences occurred. Therefore, this procedure should be performed at the time of primary operation after extensive resection of an aggressive benign or malignant bone tumor.     

A modified induced membrane 2-stage technique using a thoracodorsal artery perforator free flap followed by vascularized or non-vascularized free fibular transfer for the treatment of complex bone infection with concomitant severe soft tissue lesion–A case series of 9 cases

Treatment of post-traumatic complex bone infection is very challenging. The two principal bone reconstruction approaches are the single-stage vascularized bone graft technique and the two-stage induced membrane technique (IMT). Here we introduce a modified 2-stage induced membrane technique (MIMT) for complex long bone infection with a major bone defect and a concomitant severe soft tissue lesion. The 2-stage procedure consists of bone debridement, placement of a PMMA spacer and soft tissue reconstruction with a thoracodorsal artery perforator free flap (“Tdap”) at stage 1. At stage 2, the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap is elevated and a fibular strut graft (either vascularized of non-vascularized) is placed for bone reconstruction.We retrospectively analyzed the extents of lower extremity, long bone, post-traumatic bone infection treated via MIMT from 2008 to 2020. There were nine such cases (eight males) of mean age 59.8 (range 31 to 79) years. The osteomyelitis durations ranged from 3 to 360 months (mean 53 months). The cortical bone defect sizes was ranged from 9 to 14 cm (mean10.7 cm). All skin resurfacing employed Tdap. Vascularized fibular grafts were placed in six patients and non-vascularized grafts were placed in three. The fibular graft size ranged from 12.5 to 19 cm (mean 16.2 cm). Non-vascularized iliac bone grafts served as the fibula docking sites.Unfortunately, all patients suffered complications before bone union was achieved. One case of plate stress fracture and one case of screw fracture required plate and screw change. In three cases of cellulitis, one resolved by use of intravenous antibiotics, others required plate and screw removal. Wound disruption required re-suture and distal skin flap partial necrosis was covered by perforator-based island flap. One case of fibular stress fracture needed cast for 4 weeks. A peroneal nerve palsy patient recovered spontaneously. Bone union was achieved after 6 months in five patients and after 8 months in three (mean 6.9 months). All patients were able to walk unaided. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean 6.2 years).MIMT saves the limbs in cases with difficult post-traumatic bone infection. It is valid treatment option for complex bone infections with severe soft tissue lesions. However, even with this technique potential complication must be considered.     

带血管腓骨复合异体骨修复长骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的 探讨带血管腓骨复合异体骨重建长骨恶性肿瘤切除后骨缺损的临床结果.方法 2006年4月至2009年10月对19例四肢长骨恶性骨肿瘤患者行保肢手术,男11例,女8例;年龄11～37岁,平均(18.5±7.6)岁.肱骨5例、股骨7例、胫骨7例.肿瘤切除后骨缺损长度(13.2±4.3)cm,采用带血管自体腓骨复合大段异体...     

Vascularized fibula transplantation in orthopedic oncology. Personal experience and review of the literature

Primary malignant bone tumors can be treated predominantly with limb salvage. After resection of large articular segments adjacent to the dia- or metaphysis of long bones modular endoprosthetic devices are most commonly used for reconstruction. In case non-vascularized corticocancellous bone is transplanted in order to bridge extensive bone defects, the risk of pseudarthrosis and fracture of the donor bone is significantly higher in comparison to a free vascularized transplant. From 1988 until 1999 we treated 20 patients with extensive bone defects after resection of tumors affecting the upper and lower extremity using a vascularized fibular graft. In this retrospective analysis we collected the data focusing on bone integration and functional outcome. The graft union was classified according to the standards of the "International Symposium of Limb Salvage". Evaluation of the functional outcome was quantified using the Enneking-score. The stabilisation of the transplant was obtained exclusively by plate fixation in the upper extremity. In 10 in a total of 12 patients the reconstruction using a vascularized fibula transfer was reinforced with an allograft in the lower extremity. The functional evaluation score reached 73% of normal function at the last follow-up. After 18 months the radiographic evaluation of graft union was "excellent" in 75%, "good" in 11%, "fair" in 6% and "poor" in 9% according to the criteria of the ISOLS. Main complications were graft fracture in of 15% and pseudarthrosis in 14.3%. Reconstruction of extensive bone defects using free vascularized fibula grafts are a demanding operative procedure. The procedure combines a biologic form of reconstruction with a legitimate expectation of good long term outcome and a relatively low rate of complications.     

The use of vascularized fibular grafts for the reconstruction of spinal and sacral defects

Background: Large segmental defects of the spine may result from tumor resection as well as infection. The surrounding soft tissue in these situations is often compromised due to radiation exposure or infection. In these situations, in which conventional bone grafting has often failed, we have found vascularized fibular grafts an effective method of achieving bony union. The purpose of this study was to review the results of vascularized bone grafting for complex spinal reconstruction using free fibular transfer. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent multisegmental spinal reconstruction and pelvic reconstruction using posterior instrumentation and free fibula vascularized bone transfer. Results: Twelve patients underwent 14 free fibula transfers (7 anterior and 5 posteriorly placed) for reconstruction of lumbosacral spinal defects. Preoperative diagnoses included tumor, osteomyelitis, and nonunion. Average number of vertebral body resections was four and posterior instrumentation was used for all arthrodeses. Average duration of follow up was 45 months. Two flaps failed (14%), one resulting in nonunion and the other required salvage with an external hemipelvectomy. All remaining flaps healed at a mean time of 4.5 months (range, 3–10 months). Conclusion: Free fibula transfer for complex spinal reconstruction is a reliable means of obtaining bony union for complex lumbar or sacral resections where traditional bone grafting techniques may not be technically feasible. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.     

Reconstruction of large posttraumatic skeletal defects of the forearm by vascularized free fibular graft

Vascularized bone graft is most commonly applied for reconstruction of the lower extremity; indications for its use in the reconstruction of the upper extremity have expanded in recent years. Between 1993-2000, 12 patients with segmental bone defects following forearm trauma were managed with vascularized fibular grafts: 6 males and 6 females, aged 39 years on average (range, 16-65 years). The reconstructed site was the radius in 8 patients and the ulna in 4. The length of bone defect ranged from 6-13 cm. In 4 cases, the fibular graft was harvested and used as a vascularized fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap. To achieve fixation of the grafted fibula, plates were used in 10 cases, and screws and Kirschner wires in 2. In the latter 2 cases, an external skeletal fixator was applied to ensure immobilization of the extremity. The follow-up period ranged from 10-93 months. Eleven grafts were successful. The mean period to obtain radiographic bone union was 4.8 months (range, 2.5-8 months). Fibular grafts allow the use of a segment of diaphyseal bone which is structurally similar to the radius and ulna and of sufficient length to reconstruct most skeletal defects of the forearm. The vascularized fibular graft is indicated in patients with intractable nonunions where conventional bone grafting has failed or large bone defects, exceeding 6 cm, are observed in the radius or ulna.     

En bloc excision and autogenous fibular reconstruction for aggressive giant cell tumor of distal radius: a report of 12 cases and review of literature

Introduction  

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of distal radius follows a comparatively aggressive behaviour. Wide excision is the management of choice, but this creates a defect at the distal end of radius. The preffered modalities for reconstruction of such a defect include vascularized/non-vascularized bone graft, osteoarticular allografts and custom-made prosthesis. We here present our experience with wide resection and non-vascularised autogenous fibula grafting for GCT of distal radius.     

带血管骨移植在四肢骨肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的临床观察带血管骨移植修复四肢骨肿瘤瘤段切除后骨缺损的治疗价值。方法对４８例不同类型的骨肿瘤行局部彻底切刮除,或骨膜外瘤段切除后所致的骨缺损分别采用带血管蒂髂骨瓣转位移植６例,游离移植３例;带血管胫骨瓣游离移植１例;带血管蒂腓骨瓣同侧顺逆行转位移植９例,游离腓骨移植２２例,双腓骨瓣组合移植４例,腓骨皮瓣游离移植３例进行修复治疗。结果移植骨与主骨均获得愈合,时间为２５～４２个月,平均３５个月。并经０５～１２年（平均４７年）的随访,４５例治愈,;３例复发,复发的３例病人中２例为骨肉瘤,１例为动脉瘤样骨囊肿恶性变,最终行了截肢术。结论证明带血管骨移植用于修复病变广泛的良性骨肿瘤或低变恶性骨肿瘤瘤段切除后的骨缺损疗效可靠,恶性肿瘤者较差。     

Ipsilateral pedicle vascularized fibula grafts for reconstruction of tibial defects and non-unions

Between October 1983 and August 1998, 31 patients with non-union or bone defect of the tibia have undergone 32 vascularized fibula transfers to reconstruct lower legs. Of these 32 vascularized fibula transfers, there were 19 pedicle transfers from the ipsilateral leg. There were 17 males and two females. The average patient age was 53 (21 to 84) years old. All patients achieved good bone reconstruction. All patients are currently able to walk without a brace, except for one. As to major complications, three of these 19 had delayed union, with only one postoperative fracture. In the cases with delayed union or fractured grafted fibulas, the periods to walking without a brace were longer than in the cases without such major complications. From the results, the ipsilateral pedicle vascularized fibula graft appears to be a useful option for reconstruction of tibial defects.