基于计划行为理论注册护士帮助住院患者戒烟行为的研究

目的 基于计划行为理论探究注册护士帮助住院患者戒烟行为及其影响因素,为采取有效干预措施促进注册护士帮助住院患者戒烟行为提供理论依据。方法 以计划行为理论的问卷编制框架为指导,从行为态度、主观规范、感知行为控制、行为意愿、行为五个方面编制注册护士帮助住院患者戒烟问卷,经过信度与效度检验后,使用正式问卷对638名护士进行调查,并通过结构方程模型验证所构建的理论模型。结果 基于计划行为理论,注册护士帮助住院患者戒烟的模型解释了护士帮助行为和行为意愿方差变异的43.00%和36.00%,行为意愿的直接作用与感知行为控制的间接作用对帮助行为产生的影响明显。结论 针对性地改善行为意愿和感知行为控制是对护士帮助住院患者戒烟行为进行干预的重点。     

广东省20家综合医院不同性别护士职业获益感、心理资本和留职意愿的相关性研究

  目的  分析不同性别护士留职意愿现况和影响因素，为改进管理方式、提高护士留职率提供科学依据。
  方法  采用护士职业获益感、心理资本、留职意愿调查量表对广东省20家综合医院的421名护士实施调查，应用结构方程模型分析获益感、心理资本和留职意愿间的直接、间接及因果关系。
  结果  护士职业获益感总分为（4.10 ±0.61）分，各维度得分从高到低依次为良好护患关系、自身的成长、团队归属感、亲友认同、正向职业感知。心理资本总分为（3.94 ±0.60）分，各维度得分从高到低依次为效能、韧性、乐观、希望。留职意愿得分为（3.64 ±0.72）分。男性护士的留职意愿低于女性护士（P < 0.05）。男性护士的职业获益感总分，正向职业感知、良好护患关系、自身的成长3个维度得分低于女性护士（P < 0.05），男性护士的心理资本总分及其各维度得分与女性护士差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。Amos 25.0建立的结构方程模型显示，职业获益感正向影响心理资本（P < 0.05），男性护士职业获益感对心理资本的正向作用稍高于女性护士。心理资本正向影响留职意愿（P < 0.05），女性护士职业获益感对留职意愿的直接正向作用高于男性护士。在职业获益感对留职意愿的影响中，心理资本存在中介作用（P < 0.01）。男性护士心理资本的中介作用为0.324，女性护士为0.221。
  结论  男女护士的心理资本均较低，留职意愿欠佳，以男性护士更甚。不同性别护士的职业获益感、心理资本、留职意愿之间相互影响的程度不同，医院管理者应充分考虑护士的性别差异，分别制定相关干预措施，提高护士留职意愿。
     

Understanding physical activity behavior of Chinese female college students with/without vulnerable conditions: a theory of planned behavior perspective

Guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study examined the relationships between three constructs of TPB (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control [PBC]) and physical activity intention and behavior among Chinese female college students, and evaluated whether the relationships differed between healthy and vulnerable individuals within this population. Participants included 436 female college students (301 healthy and 135 vulnerable; Mean age = 19.24 years; SD = 0.97 years) recruited from five universities in China, and the data collection was completed in Fall 2015. Path analysis supported the direct and indirect relations of TPB constructs to physical activity intention and behavior among female college students, and the path model was invariant across the two groups. The vulnerable group reported significantly lower attitude, subjective norm, intention, and physical activity behavior than the healthy group but not for PBC. These findings suggest fostering positive attitudes and intention toward physical activity are important among Chinese female college students, regardless of their health status.     

Attitudes and perceptions toward hand hygiene among healthcare workers caring for critically ill neonates.

BACKGROUND: Infectious complications are frequent among critically ill neonates. Hand hygiene is the leading measure to prevent healthcare-associated infections, but poor compliance has been repeatedly documented, including in the neonatal setting. Hand hygiene promotion requires a complex approach that should consider personal factors affecting healthcare workers' attitudes. OBJECTIVE: To identify beliefs and perceptions associated with intention to comply with hand hygiene among neonatal healthcare workers. METHODS: An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire (74 items) based on the theory of planned behavior was distributed to 80 neonatal healthcare workers to assess intention to comply, attitude toward hand hygiene, behavioral and subjective norm perceptions, and perception of difficulty to comply. Variables were assessed using multi-item measures and answers to 7-point bipolar scales. All multi-item scales had satisfactory internal consistency (alpha > 0.7). Multivariate logistic regression identified independent perceptions or beliefs associated with a positive intention to comply. RESULTS: The response rate was 76% (61 of 80). Of the 49 nurses and 12 physicians responding, 75% believed that they could improve their compliance with hand hygiene. Intention to comply was associated with perceived control over the difficulty to perform hand hygiene (OR, 3.12; CI95, 1.12 to 8.70; P = .030) and a positive perception of how superiors valued hand hygiene (OR, 2.89; CI95, 1.08 to 7.77; P = .035). CONCLUSION: Our data highlight the importance of the opinions of superiors and a strong perceived controllability over the difficulty to perform hand hygiene as possible internal factors that may influence hand hygiene compliance.     

社会资本与护士心理健康、职业倦怠、离职意愿及其影响因素间作用模式

目的 探讨社会资本与护士心理健康、职业倦怠、离职意愿及其影响因素间的影响机制.方法 通过随机整群抽样,采用护士离职意愿量表、社会资本测量问卷、护士职业倦怠量表和中文健康问卷对723名护士进行调查,并应用路径分析方法对因素间作用机制进行探索.结果 护士职位可对社会资本产生影响(路径系数为0.124);社会资本与职业倦怠均对护士的心理问题产生较大影响力(路径系数分别为一0.231,0.203);而护士心理问题与职业倦怠又对离职意愿产生影响(路径系数分别为0.088,0.151);模型拟合较好,CMIN/DF为1.645,GFI 0.984,AGFI 0.966,IFI 0.941,CFI 0.937,RMSEA 0.037.结论 社会资本可以为优化护理管理工作提供新的视角,开发护士社会资本可有效缓解其心理问题;而心理问题和职业倦怠的改善最终又降低护士的离职意愿.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the interaction model of social capital, mental health,occupational burnout, turnover intention and the related influence factors on nurses. Methods By random cluster sampling, investigated 723 nurses with Nurses' Turnover Intention Inventory, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Social Capital Questionnaire and Chinese Health Questionnaire, then explored the interaction model by path analysis. Results Nurses' position can influence their social capital(the path coefficient was 0. 124), social capital and occupational turnout can influence nurses' mental health(the path coefficient were -0. 231,0. 151), the mental health and occupational turnout both can influence nurses' turnover intention directly(the path coefficient were 0. 088,0. 151 ), the model is acceptable(CMIN/DF 1. 645, GFI 0. 984, AGFI 0. 966, IFI 0. 941, CFI 0. 937, RMSEA 0. 037).Conclusion Social capital can provide a new perspective for nurses' management, developing the social capital resources can relieve nurses' mental problems effectively; relieving the turnout and mental problem can decrease nurses' turnover intention finally.     

Attitudes and Intentions to Performing Testicular Self-Examination: Utilizing an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

This study examined the ability of an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict 500, 17- to 35-year-old male students’ intentions to perform testicular self-examination (TSE). In a hierarchical regression analysis TPB components attitude, subjective norm and self-efficacy and the added constructs, past behavior, and anticipated regret all emerged as significant independent predictors of TSE intention. Overall, 64% of the variance in TSE intention was explained. Although prospective research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings, they suggest that an extended TPB might be a useful framework to guide interventions aimed at promoting TSE.     

Exercise and diet determinants of overweight women participating in an exercise and diet program: a prospective examination of the theory of planned behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively the ability of direct and belief-based measures of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs to predict exercise and diet intention and behavior of overweight women. Participants were 117 overweight, community-dwelling women and university students enrolled in a 4-week exercise and diet program. Participants completed baseline measures of demographic characteristics and the TPB constructs. Their exercise and diet adherence were also recorded. We found that: (1) the direct measure of perceived behavioral control (PBC) predicted exercise intention, (2) the direct measures of instrumental attitude, subjective norm, and PBC predicted diet intention, and (3) none of the direct or belief-based measures of the TPB constructs predicted 4-week exercise or diet behavior. Furthermore, several beliefs were associated with the direct measures of attitude, subjective norm, PBC, and intention. Implications of these results for designing exercise and diet interventions with overweight women are discussed.     

Predicting physical activity intention and behaviour among children in a longitudinal sample

We examined predictors of leisure-time physical activity intention and behaviour in children, and the potential direct and moderating effects of gender and ethnicity. Participants were 364 (230 Asian; 134 Caucasian) 9-11-year-old children who completed measures of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and physical activity behaviour (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children) across three, 3-month intervals (i.e., two prediction time-periods) in Canada. The TPB explained 35-50% of the variance in physical activity behaviour and 74-76% of the variance in intention using structural equation modelling. An autoregressive longitudinal path model showed that the TPB predicted changes in physical activity and physical activity predicted changes in TPB constructs (p<.05). Overall, intention and perceived behavioural control were significant (p<.05) contributors to the direct prediction of behaviour and subjective norm and perceived behavioural control were significant (p<.05) predictors of intention. Gender did not show a robust relationship with physical activity or intention, but the effect of ethnicity on physical activity was mediated through perceived behavioural control (Asians less active than Caucasians). Finally, gender and ethnicity did not moderate TPB and physical activity relations (p<.05). These data suggest that childhood may be a formative stage for the development of physical activity cognitions and that promoting physical activity in children may require normative and control-based intervention.     

Nurses' Attitudes Concerning the Delivery of Brief Cessation Advice to Hospitalized Smokers

BACKGROUND: Nurses have a unique opportunity to assist hospitalized smokers with cessation. However, relatively little is known about nurses' attitudes and beliefs toward their role in assisting patients with cessation. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of staff nurses at four hospitals was conducted. Four scales based on constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior were developed for this survey: attitudes toward offering cessation advice, beliefs about the outcome of offering advice, perceived normative beliefs, and perceived ability to offer advice. Other survey items included sociodemographics, employment characteristics (shift, unit worked), and personal smoking status. RESULTS: Of the nurses surveyed, 397 (68%) returned completed questionnaires. Nurses had a relatively positive attitude toward helping patients to quit smoking, 63% believed that hospitalization was an ideal time for patients to try to quit smoking, and 59% believed a nurse had an obligation to advise patients to quit smoking. In the final multiple linear regression model, self-reported delivery of cessation advice was related to attitudes toward offering cessation advice, perceived ability to offer advice, and unit worked. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts should be made to educate staff nurses about the efficacy of brief cessation advice and current smoking cessation methods and practices.     

护理人员HIV职业暴露风险认知对护理服务态度和行为意向的影响

目的采用构建的风险认知测量模型,探讨护理人员 HIV 职业暴露风险认知对护理服务态度、行为意向的影响。方法确定风险认知的定义和测量模型,在此基础上设计调查问卷,调查内容包括风险认知4维度、态度、行为意向、自我效能等。采用方便抽样的方法对武汉市4所三甲医院的护理人员匿名问卷调查,运用结构方程模型对调查结果进行分析。结果风险认知对护理人员对待 HIV 感染者的态度为负向影响（标准化路径系数为-0.16）,态度对行为意向为正向影响（标准化路径系数为0.60）,风险认知对行为意向没有直接影响,间接影响为-0.10。自我效能可以降低风险认知水平,促进其采取正向态度和行为意向。结论护理人员的 HIV 职业暴露风险认知与护理服务态度、行为意向的关系符合一般的知信行模型。     

Attitudes to breastfeeding among adolescents

Background: Breastfeeding is a major public health concern and a decision to breastfeed has important health benefits for both the infant and mother. Breastfeeding rates are low in many Western countries, and evidence is accumulating to suggest that breastfeeding should be promoted in schools. The present study aimed to employ the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict and explain young people’s motivations to breastfeed with a view to designing an intervention to positively promote breastfeeding among adolescents. Methods: Senior schools in Northern Ireland were sorted by a number of key stratification variables, and then randomly sampled. In anticipation of a nonresponse, a first and second reserve list was drawn using matched replacements. Selected schools were contacted by letter, followed by a telephone call. Thirty‐six schools agreed to take part in the research, and a cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 2021 Year 10 pupils. Results: Having been breastfed as a child and having seen a mother breastfeeding significantly correlated with intention among both females and males. In descending order of importance, the TPB direct constructs were all significantly correlated with intention among males and females. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed with the intention to breastfeed/encourage partner to breastfeed as the dependent variable, and the TPB successfully predicted intention among males and females. Conclusions: The findings obtained in the present study suggest that the TPB is a useful framework on which to base the design of an intervention to promote attitude change, and highlight the importance of key theoretical constructs in predicting intentions to breastfeed.     

Nurse's care practice according to the view of the healthcare team

This study aims to comprehend the healthcare team perception about the (in)visibility of care practice of being a nurse in pediatric critical care units, according to Paterson and Zderad Humanist Theory. This is a qualitative research that combines the phenomenological approach. For data collection, it was used semi-structured interviews with nurses, physicians, psichologists, physiotherapists, nurse aides and hygienization employes working in pediatric critical care units of a hospital in Curitiba. The analysis followed the steps proposed by Giorgi and presented six categories, being three related to nurses' perception and three related to the multiprofessional team. Based on these statements it was possible to outline a conceptual model of nurses' perception about invisibility in their care practice, and also showed ways to obtain nurses' visibility.     

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Intention to Comply With a Food Recall Message

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has provided considerable insight into the public's intention to comply with many different health-related messages, but has not been applied previously to intention to comply with food safety recommendations and recalls (Hallman & Cuite, 2010 Hallman, W. K. and Cuite, C. L. 2010. “Food recalls and the American public: Improving communications”. In Publication number RR-0310-020, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Food Policy Institute.  [Google Scholar]). Because food recalls can differ from other health messages in their urgency, timing, and cessation, the applicability of the TPB in this domain is unknown. The research reported here attempted to address this gap using a nationally representative consumer panel. Results showed that, consistent with the theory's predictions, attitudes and subjective norms were predictive of the intention to comply with a food recall message, with attitudes having a much greater impact on intent to comply than subjective norms. Perceived behavioral control failed to predict intention to comply. Implications of these results for health public relations and crisis communications and recommendations for future research were discussed.     

Examining community pharmacists’ intention to provide pharmacist-driven vaccination services: A structural equation modelling

BackgroundThe evidence of pharmacists' current involvement in vaccination services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is uncertain. This study would be a first step to develop vaccination services by investigating community pharmacists’ intention to be involved in PDV services not just during COVID-19 pandemic but also during standard service provision in Turkey which can be taken as an example across LMICs.ObjectiveConsidering the efforts to empower community pharmacists in service provision, the goal of the present study was to develop a structural equation model to explain the “Pharmacist-Driven Vaccination Service Intention Model (PDV-SIM)” by using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).MethodsBased on the constructs of TPB, a measurement tool was developed. Sub-factors of PDV service intention was determined by conducting exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In the second step, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to prove the theoretical structure of the tool. Finally, a model explaining the relationship between observed variables, latent constructs from TPB was developed by SEM analysis.ResultsIn the proposed PDV-SIM, patient related attitude toward PDV services, attitude toward negative consequences of PDV services, and subjective norm about PDV services had an impact on the behavioral intention of community pharmacists. Nevertheless, professional development attitude toward PDV services and perceived behavioral control were not evaluated as determinants of the behavioral intention.ConclusionResults of this study revealed that TPB is appropriate for modelling PDV service intention of community pharmacists. This model can be utilized as a guide to potential pharmacy regulatory bodies and policy makers in their efforts to enable community pharmacists as vaccinators across LMICs.     

Women Infant and Children program participants' beliefs and consumption of soy milk : Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

The purpose of this study was to determine if Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables predict soy milk intake in a sample of WIC participants in 2 Illinois counties (n = 380). A cross-sectional survey was used, which examined soy foods intake, behavioral beliefs, subjective norms, motivation, and intention. Soy product intake was low at both sites, and many participants (40%) did not know that soy milk was WIC approved. Most (> 70%) wanted to comply with their health care providers, but didn''t know their opinions about soy milk (50-66%). Intention was significantly correlated with intake (0.507, P ≤ 0.01; 0.308, P ≤ 0.05). Environmental beliefs (0.282 and 0.410, P ≤ 0.01) and expectancy beliefs (0.490 and 0.636, P ≤ 0.01) were correlated with intention. At site 1, 30% of the variance in intention to consume soy milk was explained by expectancy beliefs and subjective norm beliefs (P < 0.0001); at site 2, 40% of the variance in intention was explained by expectancy beliefs. The TPB variables of expectancy beliefs predicted intention to consume soy milk in WIC participants. Therefore, knowing more about the health benefits of soy and how to cook with soy milk would increase WIC participants'' intention to consume soy milk. Positive messages about soy milk from health care providers could influence intake.     

Predicting iron-fortified soy sauce consumption intention: application of the theory of planned behavior and health belief model

OBJECTIVE: To identify variables that significantly predict the intention of iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaFeEDTA)-fortified soy sauce (FeSS) consumption. DESIGN: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Belief Model (HBM), was administered, and a multistage, stratified sampling method was carried out to select study samples. SETTING: Urban and rural areas in Guizhou province, China. SUBJECTS: 636 women from rural areas and 454 from urban areas completed 1090 eligible questionnaires. VARIABLES MEASURED: Women's knowledge of FeSS; perceived severity and susceptibility of iron deficiency (ID) or iron deficiency anemia (IDA); and attitudes toward behavior, control beliefs, barriers, cues, intention to buy FeSS, health value, and health behavior identity factors were measured. ANALYSIS: A path analysis was conducted to test the goodness of fit of the model and to modify the model. Scale and factor analyses were conducted to verify the scale's reliability and construct validity. The alpha level was set at .05. RESULTS: The model explained 35% to 55% of the variance of behavioral intention. FeSS knowledge directly and indirectly affected the intention to buy FeSS. The behavioral intention was also impacted by women's health value and perception of perceived susceptibility and severity of IDA through the behavior identity and attitudes toward behavior. Cues, as an external factor, greatly affected the intention. The external control belief was a weak factor affecting intention. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE: Integrated TPB and HBM explained the behavioral intention of FeSS consumption among women in Guizhou, China. Nutrition education should emphasize behavioral attitudes and identity, and improve knowledge of FeSS and perception of ID and IDA, which would relieve anxiety about FeSS.