椎基底动脉延长扩张症与脑卒中关系的研究进展

椎基底动脉延长扩张症(vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia,VBD)是一种目前正处于研究阶段、病因尚不明确的颅内血管变异性疾病。Denh等在2008年提出VBD是脑卒中独立的、密切相关的危险因素之一。本文将就VBD与脑卒中关系的研究进展进行综述。     

椎-基底动脉延长扩张症的临床研究(附5例报告)

目的探讨椎-基底动脉延长扩张症(Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia,VBD)的发病机制、临床表现、影像学特点并积累一定的治疗经验。方法回顾5例典型VBD患者的临床诊治经过并结合相关文献进行分析。结果 5例患者均为男性,平均54岁,急性起病,以头晕为首发症状,并伴有其他脑干缺血的症状及体征,其中2例患者症状反复发作,影像学检查均符合相应诊断标准。经过治疗,2例基本痊愈,3例好转。结论 VBD的病因尚不明确,为缺血性脑血管病的独立危险因素,VBD临床表现多种多样,与动脉夹层的关系复杂,可通过影像学确诊,目前该病尚缺乏明确的治疗方案,抗血小板治疗对多数患者是必要的。     

椎基底动脉延长扩张症(附4例报道)

目的 探讨椎基底动脉延长扩张症的临床表现、影像特征和治疗措施.方法 报道4例椎基底动脉延长扩张症病例,结合文献分析该病的病因、临床表现和影像学特征.结果 椎基底动脉延长扩张症是一种少见的血管性疾病,临床表现复杂多样,确诊有赖于影像检查,目前尚无针对性治疗措施.结论 应根据不同临床表现和影像学特征采用相应的治疗措施.     

椎基底动脉扩张延长症1例报告

椎基底动脉延长扩张症（VBD）是一种少见的血管异常性疾病。由于基底动脉延长、扩张对脑神经、脑干的压迫以及供血区域脑缺血性改变,临床症状表现复杂、多样,易致漏诊、误诊。     

椎基底动脉延长扩张症165例临床特征分析

目的 探讨椎基底动脉延长扩张症(VBD)的临床特征.方法 回顾分析165例VBD患者的临床资料,并分析症状性与非症状性VBD的影响因素.结果 本组165例中男性105例,女性60例,平均年龄65±3岁.临床表现:后循环TIA61例,后循环梗死16例,脑干出血1例,前庭阵发症28例,三叉神经痛15例,面肌痉挛11例,无症状33例.CTA、MRA、DSA显示基底动脉不同程度的延长扩张、骑跨.VBD症状有无,与患者年龄、高血压病、糖尿病、吸烟、血管直径、延长扩张程度相关.结论 VBD临床表现复杂、多样;常见症状有卒中、压迫性症状和脑神经损害等,血管影像检查是重要的诊断依据.     

椎-基底动脉扩张延长症的临床和影像学特点(附2例报告)

目的 探讨椎-基底动脉扩张延长症(VBD)的临床和影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析2例VBD患者的临床和影像学资料.结果 1例患者临床表现为椎-基底动脉缺血发作,1例表现为三叉神经痛.'2例患者颅脑MRI均见有椎-基底动脉扩张,伴有迂曲.结论 VBD是一种少见的脑血管变异性疾病,其临床和影像学表现多样,临床医师应提高对本病的认识.     

椎基底动脉扩张延长症2例报告及文献复习

目的探讨椎基底动脉扩张延长症（VBD）的临床表现、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析2例VBD患者的临床资料,结合相关文献分析。结果2例患者均有高血压病史,均有动脉粥样硬化,均有后循环缺血症状,均行CT血溶造影或DSA确诊。1例患者DSA检查后突发意识更新丧失、呼吸停止,抢救无效死亡;另1例CT血管造影确诊后9个月,病情突然恶化,抢救无效死亡。结论检查可以明确诊断该病,目前对该病没有特殊的治疗手段,但影像学证实椎基底动脉管壁有附壁血栓者,均应进行抗凝和抗血小板聚集治疗。     

椎基底动脉扩张延长症研究进展

椎基底动脉扩张延长症作为一种独立的脑血管病变,临床并不少见,其病因尚不明确,病理改变主要涉及颅内动脉中膜,血管的扩张、迂曲会使相邻结构受压、血流动力学发生改变、血栓形成及分支动脉受到牵拉,出现颅神经压迫症状及后循环缺血等临床表现。虽然针对椎基底动脉延长症尚无确切有效的治疗方法,但在外科手术、神经介入及对症治疗等方面有一定的研究进展。     

椎-基底动脉延长扩张症的诊疗进展

椎-基底动脉延长扩张症(vertebrobasilardolichoectasia, VBD)是临床少见的一种脑血管病,以椎动脉(vertebral artery, VA)和(或)基底动脉(basilar artery, BA)的管壁扩张、管道冗长且走行迂曲为主要特征。VBD最常见的临床表现是缺血性卒中,此外还可出现脑干或脑神经受压、脑积水、颅内出血等非特异性症状。该病预后差且尚无特效治疗手段,确诊主要依赖影像学检查。得益于检查技术的进步,近些年来该病的检出率有逐年升高的趋势。本文主要针对近些年来关于VBD的诊断和治疗取得的进展做综述如下。     

椎-基底动脉扩张延长症的诊治研究进展

<正>椎-基底动脉扩张延长症（vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia,VBD）是一种独立的后循环血管变异性疾病,表现为基底动脉或椎动脉颅内段的扩张、延长与迂曲,继发供血区域缺血性和出血性脑卒中,邻近结构颅神经、脑干或第三脑室相关刺激或压迫症状。VBD的发生发展被认为是多种因素共同作用的结果,虽然发生率较低,一旦发病,病死率和致残率较高,治疗仍存在困难。     

12例基底动脉极度过长弯曲临床特点分析

目的研究基底动脉极度过长弯曲是否与头晕有关。方法收集作者医院住院的基底动脉弯曲患者12例,分析其临床表现。入组标准为经MRA检查显示基底动脉弯曲成半圆,其程度相当于Giang等关于基底动脉主干过长弯曲分类标准的2~3级。结果12例患者中有11例反复发生头晕(91%),1例无头晕者存在桥脑梗死。结论基底动脉极度过长弯曲者极易发生头晕。     

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Associated with Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia and Pontine Ischemic Stroke

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a heterogeneous, common, neurocutaneous disorder presenting different complications during a life span, including cerebrovascular dysplasia. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of NF1 associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia and pontine ischemic stroke. We describe a 57‐year‐old man with NF1 who presented an acute onset right‐sided facial palsy and hemiplegia, dysarthria, and gait imbalance. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an acute left paramedian pontine infarct and a hypoplastic right vertebral artery. Brain Computed Tomography Angiography revealed the occurrence of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Co‐occurrence of VBD and NF1 might not be merely casual and it may significantly heighten the mortality rate in this multisystem disorder. We suggest a possible role of VBD in the genesis of our patient's clinical‐radiological features and prompt the early detection of asymptomatic arteriopathy in individuals with NF1 in order to ameliorate patients’ quality of life and life expectancy.     

Study on the Correlation between different Levels of Patients with Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia and Posterior Circulation Blood Perfusion

ObjectiveThis study investigates the differences and changing trend of posterior circulation blood perfusion between different levels of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia(VBD) patients. The relationship between the deviation of the basilar artery(BA) in different directions and the location of pontine infarction are also investigated.MethodsA cohort of 106 patients(74 males and 32 females) who satisfied the diagnostic criteria for VBD were recruited for this study and classified according to the bifurcation height and the deviation position of the BA, as well as the measured blood perfusion value of the pontine, which includes rCBF, rCBV, MTT, and TTP.ResultsOut of the 106 patients, 19 cases were classified as Level 1, 74 cases were classified as Level 2, and 13 cases were classified as Level 3. The different levels between the VBD groups were statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01), and it was found that as the level increases, rCBF and rCBV gradually decreased, while MTT and TTP gradually increased. The statistic results of different perfusion parameters were also significant, when pairwise comparisons between Level 1 and Level 3, and Level 2 and Level 3 were performed. However, when comparing Level 1 and Level 2, only the TTP showed significant result. Among 106 patients, 22 cases had brainstem infarction, 13 cases had left brainstem infarction, 8 cases had right brainstem infarction, and 1 case had brainstem infarction on both sides. Brainstem infarction generally occurs on the opposite side of the direction of BA deviation(P<0.05). Regardless of the BA was deviated to the left or right, perfusion analysis showed that there was significant difference in blood perfusion on both sides of the pontine when BA is deviated(P<0.05, P<0.01). The rCBF and rCBV on the contralateral side of deviation were lower than those on the same side, and the MTT and TTP were longer than those on the same side. There were 37 cases with vertebral artery dominance(VAD), 16 cases with left VAD, and 21 cases with right VAD. Statistical analysis showed that BA was more likely to deflect to the opposite side of the dominant artery(P<0.05), and compared with non-VAD, there was no significant difference in pontine blood perfusion (p>0.05).ConclusionAs VBD level increases, rCBF and rCBV will gradually decreases while MTT and TTP showed sign of increasing. The location of brainstem infarction is opposite to the direction of the BA deviation, and BA is more likely to deviate to the opposite side of the dominant artery.     

先天性右侧椎基底动脉发育不良致基底动脉尖综合征1例

基底动脉尖综合征是一种特殊类型的椎基底动脉系统血管病。本文报道了1例因先天性血管发育不良导致的基底动脉尖综合征病例，结合相关文献，对该病的临床表现和诊断进行了回顾。     

椎-基底动脉延长扩张症的临床和影像学特征(附1例报告)

目的:探讨椎-基底动脉延长扩张症(VBD)的临床及影像学特点.方法:回顾性分析1例VBI)患者的临床资料.结果:本例患者先后出现头痛、呕吐、意识障碍、偏瘫,脑积水和脑干梗死的表现.影像学检查分别提示侧脑室扩大、脑积水和脑桥梗死.CT、MRI、CTA、DSA检查均见椎-基底动脉延长扩张、深入至第三脑室.首次发病后经降血压治疗,症状缓解,头颅CT示侧脑室明显缩小.结论:VBD可出现脑积水和后循环缺血的临床表现.影像学检查显示延长扩张的椎-基底动脉.控制高血压对本病有缓解作用.     

重度颈动脉狭窄颅内侧支循环代偿状态与脑卒中的相关性研究

目的分析重度颈动脉狭窄颅内侧支循环代偿状态与缺血性脑卒中(IS)的相关性。方法选取100例合并重度颈动脉狭窄的IS患者为研究对象,对其前交通动脉(ACOA)开放、后交通动脉(PCOA)开放、眼动脉(OA)开放等侧支循环情况、治疗前和治疗2周时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、入院时和发病6个月时改良Rankin评分(mRS)进行观察和比较。结果治疗2周时,单纯ACOA开放、单纯POCA开放和多支侧支循环开放患者的NIHSS评分均较治疗前显著下降(t=4.328、4.226、6.133,P0.05),其中,多支侧支循环开放的患者NIHSS评分最低,其次为单纯ACOA开放或单纯POCA开放的患者,而单纯OA开放或无侧支循环开放患者最高,差异均有统计学意义(q=3.237~5.636,P0.05);发病6个月时,单纯ACOA开放、单纯POCA开放和多支侧支循环开放的患者mRS评分均较治疗前显著下降(t=3.244、3.057、3.675,P0.05),其中,多支侧支循环开放、单纯ACOA开放或单纯POCA开放的患者mRS评分显著低于单纯OA开放或无侧支循环开放的患者(q=2.987~3.732,P0.05)。结论多重侧支循环或颅内主要动脉侧支循环的建立可显著降低IS患者的神经功能损害程度,改善患者近期预后,利于康复。     

Association between Ischemic Stroke and Vascular Shear Stress in the Carotid Artery

Background and Purpose

Vascular shear stress is essential for maintaining the morphology and function of endothelial cells. We hypothesized that shear stress in the internal carotid artery (ICA) may differ between patients with ischemic stroke and healthy control subjects.

Methods

ICA shear stress was calculated in 143 controls and 122 patients with ischemic stroke who had a normal ICA or an ICA with <50% stenosis. The stroke group included patients who presented with a first-ever or recurrent ischemic stroke but excluded cardioembolic stroke and uncertain etiologies. Of the 122 patients, 107 (87.7%) and 15 (12.3%) patients were categorized as first-ever and recurrent stroke, respectively.

Results

Carotid diameters were significantly larger, and both peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities were significantly lower in patients with ischemic stroke than in controls (all p values <0.05). Mean values of peak-systolic and end-diastolic shear stress in both ICAs were significantly lower in patients with ischemic stroke in models that adjusted for age, sex, and vascular risk factors (p for trend <0.05). The ICA shear stress was lowest in patients with recurrent stroke or the subtype of small-vessel occlusion. Higher peak-systolic and end-diastolic shear stresses in both ICAs were independently and negatively associated with ischemic stroke after adjusting for potential confounders (all p values <0.05).

Conclusions

ICA shear stresses were significantly lower in patients with ischemic stroke than in control subjects. Future studies should attempt to define the causal relationship between carotid arterial shear stress and ischemic stroke.     

偏头痛导致脑卒中的机制研究进展

偏头痛和脑卒中是常见的神经系统疾病,都是严重致残的疾病,多项研究认为偏头痛尤其是先兆性偏头痛,与脑卒中风险增加有关。文中主要就偏头痛导致脑卒中的相关性及可能机制进行综述。