26例小脑梗死的临床分析

目的　对 2 6例小脑梗死患者的临床特点分析探讨 ,加深临床医师对小脑梗死的进一步认识 ,减少小脑梗死的误诊、漏诊率。方法　对 2 6例经头颅CT、MRI确诊的小脑梗死病人从病因、临床及影像学表现特点进行归纳分析。结果　高血压动脉硬化仍是小脑梗死的主要病因 ,眩晕、恶心、呕吐是其主要临床表现 ,头颅CT、MRI是确诊依据。临床上小脑梗死极易误诊为椎基动脉供血不足。结论　对临床上出现有高血压病史而又以急性眩晕为首发症状的病人应及时行头颅CT、MRI等有效影像学检查 ,减少小脑梗死的误诊、漏诊率     

26例小脑梗死的临床分析

目的 对26例小脑梗死患者的临床特点分析探讨，加深临床医师对小脑梗死的进一步认识，减少小脑梗死的误诊、漏诊率。方法对26例经头颅CT、MRI确诊的小脑梗死病人从病因、临床及影像学表现特点进行归纳分析。结果 高血压动脉硬化仍是小脑梗死的主要病因，眩晕、恶心、呕吐是其主要临床表现，头颅CT、MRI是确诊依据。临床小脑梗死极易误诊为椎基动脉供血不足。结论对临床上出现有高血压病史而又以急性眩晕为首发症状的病人应及时行头颅CT、MRI等有效影像学检查，减少小脑梗死的误诊、漏诊率。     

27例小脑梗死的CT、MRI与临床分析

小脑梗死约占全部脑梗死的 5 %～ 10 %。因梗死部位、病灶大小而症状表现各异 ,特别是大面积小脑梗死 ,形成占位效应 ,临床症状和体征缺乏特异性 ,诊断困难 ,故临床易导致误诊。现对我院自 1997年 7月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月间收治经ＣＴ确诊的小脑梗死患者 2 7例 ,现分析报告如下。     

貌似出血的缺血性脑血管病150例临床分析

类似缺血性脑卒中的轻型脑出血已有不少报道，而对表现颇似脑出血的缺血性脑血管病报道不多，本文就我院近年来遇到的初诊和疑诊为出血性脑血管病而经CT扫描，诊断为缺血性脑出血管病的150例临床分析如下。     

小脑出血与梗死的临床与影像学

目的 探讨小脑出血与梗死的临床与影像学特征及治疗与预后。方法 经CT、MRI及外科手术证实的小脑出血45例，小脑梗死42例，进行临床资料分析。结果 小脑出血45例中，蚓部出血9例，小脑半球出血36例。根据意识障碍程度、脑干受压及影像学所见分为轻型14型、中型20例、重型10例、极重型1例。小脑梗死42例，梗死灶位于小脑半球有55个，蚓部2个，小脑中脚8个。小脑出血无论手术或保守治疗预后均较好。小脑梗死经药物治疗后，大多数近愈，无1例死亡。结论 小脑出血与梗死的预后比幕上出血与梗死要好。     

小脑出血20例分析

小脑出血２０例分析赵迎庆我院自１９９３年１０月份以来共收治的２０例小脑出血患者，报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料２０例中男１３例，女７例，年龄２５～８０岁，平均６２岁，其中６０～７０岁１５例（占７５％），２９岁以下２例均为血管畸形。有高血压病史者１...     

Clinical Features of Patients with a Myocardial Infarction During Acute Management of an Ischemic Stroke

Background and Aims  Ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) share some common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, brain injury has been associated with abnormalities of heart function such as increased cardiac enzymes and EKG changes. However, there is little information on patients with post-stroke MI. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of ischemic stroke patients who had a MI during the acute stroke period. Methods  One thousand three hundred fifty-seven patients with acute ischemic stroke were studied by retrospective review of the stroke registry and inpatient charts. Among these patients, 12 that developed a post-stroke MI, during acute stroke management, were included in this study. The stroke subtype, pattern of arterial stenosis, and lesional dominance were analyzed. Results  The overall frequency of a post-stroke MI during hospitalization was 0.9% (12 of 1,357 patients initially studied). Eight of the 12 patients included had a painless MI. Significant intracranial arterial stenosis was observed in 10 patients (83%). According to the TOAST classification, seven patients (58.3%) had large artery atherosclerosis, three patients were classified as undetermined etiology and two patients were divided into the lacunar and cardioembolic group. Acute ischemia of the insular region was noted in six patients. Five patients died from their cardiac complications during the hospital stay. Conclusion  Post-stroke MI can be a potential complication of acute ischemic stroke; these events have a high mortality. Routine EKG monitoring, during the acute stroke period, may improve patient outcome due to the possibility of a painless post-stroke MI.     

以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死临床类型及供血区分布

目的:探讨以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死临床类型及病灶供血区分布特征。方法:对26例经MRI确诊、以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:将眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死分为2种临床类型:①稳定型:单纯自发性持续性眩晕伴平衡失调(19/26例,73.1%);②进展型:以持续性眩晕、平衡失调为首发症状,起病2d后伴有延迟神经功能受累症状(7/26例,26.9%)。梗死病灶以小脑后下动脉内侧支(16/26例,61.5%)受累最为常见;其次为小脑前下动脉区(6/26例,23.1%)及小脑上动脉区(2/26例,7.7%)。未见多发小脑供血动脉区梗死患者以单纯眩晕为首发症状。结论:以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死以小脑后下动脉内侧支受累最为常见,绝大多数患者呈良性病程,但需警惕可能出现的延迟神经功能受累症状和体征。     

31例延髓梗死患者的临床分析

目的:根据头颅MRI对延髓梗死病灶的定位并结合延髓的解剖学特点,探讨延髓梗死临床表现的特征.方法:31例急性延髓梗死患者均行头颅MRI检查,对其病灶位置分布、神经系统症状体征,出院当天改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分等指标进行分析.结果:31例急性延髓梗死病例中:外侧延髓梗死(LMI)16例;内侧延髓梗死(MMI)13例;双侧延髓梗死(BMI)2例.LMI组病灶位于延髓背外侧或外侧;MMI组病灶位于延髓腹内侧,且多位于延髓上段.LMI多表现为不典型或部分性的"Wallenberg综合征",最常见的症状或体征为眩晕,Homer征、构音障碍、吞咽障碍、软腭麻痹,肢体共济失调.MMI多表现为感觉运动性卒中(SMS)或纯运动性卒中(PMS),最常见的症状或体征为对侧肢体偏瘫、构音障碍、中枢性面舌瘫.31例延髓梗死患者中,BMI 2例均为双侧MMI,其中1例出现四肢瘫痪、双侧肢体深浅感觉障碍、核间性眼肌麻痹、构音以及吞咽障碍,另1例表现为左侧肢体偏瘫、构音障碍、强哭、强笑等症状体征.结论:典型的延髓梗死综合征在临床上少见,LMI多表现为不典型,部分性的"Wallenberg综合征".而MMI往往与桥脑、基底节区腔隙性梗死的临床表现相似.双侧MMI导致四肢瘫痪等双侧锥体束受损表现,预后较差.     

前列腺癌合并急性脑梗死的临床特点及病因分析

目的 分析前列腺癌合并急性脑梗死的临床特点,探讨其相关危险因素.方法 本研究为病例对照研究,前列腺癌合并急性脑梗死组收集2010年1月-2019年10月于首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院连续就诊的前列腺癌合并急性脑梗死患者,前列腺癌无脑梗死组按年龄匹配(1:1)同时期泌尿外科住院被确诊为前列腺癌且未曾发生过脑梗死的患者....     

双侧大脑脚梗死的临床表现、影像学特征及预后的研究

目的 分析双侧大脑脚梗死的临床表现、影像学特征及预后。 方法 回顾性分析北部战区总医院2013年7月-2016年12月收治的由DWI证实的双侧大脑脚梗死患者 的临床表现、影像学特征及预后。 结果 共纳入18例双侧大脑脚梗死患者,其中10例（55.6%）出现四肢瘫痪,11例（61.1%）出现意识 水平下降。患者病程中最重阶段NIHSS评分为12.5（4.0～20.5）分。16例（88.9%）患者病因分型为大动 脉粥样硬化型。除了双侧大脑脚外,脑桥（88.9%）、小脑（72.2%）也是常见的受累部位。16例（88.9%） 患者存在基底动脉重度狭窄或闭塞,其余2例（11.1%）患者存在椎动脉及大脑后动脉重度狭窄或闭塞。 出院3个月后对18例患者进行电话随访,其中有2例失访,13例患者预后不良（其中10例死亡）。 结论 双侧大脑脚梗死常合并脑桥和小脑梗死,主要病因为大动脉粥样硬化,主要发病机制可能 为低灌注,此类患者的预后不良。     

以眼肌麻痹为主要表现的脑干梗死临床特点

目的 了解以眼肌麻痹为主要表现的脑干梗死患者临床和影像学表现、病因以及疾病进展相关危险因素.方法 收集脑干梗死住院患者的临床资料,分析眼肌麻痹的类型、伴随神经系统症状和体征、责任血管和病灶、病因、病情进展的相关因素.结果 32例眼肌麻痹患者分为:核下性(2例)、核性(21例)、核间性(4例)和混合性眼肌麻痹(5例...     

Non-cardioembolic Mechanisms in Cryptogenic Stroke: Clinical and Diffusion-weighted Imaging Features

Background

The role of several cardiogenic risk factors, including patent foramen ovale, in patients with cryptogenic stroke has been extensively studied. However, little attention has been paid to the role of non-cardioembolic causes of cryptogenic stroke. We therefore sought to identify the characteristics of cryptogenic stroke.

Methods

We studied 832 patients with acute infarction in the middle cerebral arterial territory. We divided the patients into four subtypes: 402 with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), 133 with cardioembolism, 182 with small arterial occlusion (SAO), and 115 with cryptogenic stroke. We compared risk factors and lesion patterns observed by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) between patients with cryptogenic stroke and those with stroke of other subtypes.

Results

Both risk factors and DWI lesion patterns differed between the cryptogenic and cardioembolic groups (P<0.05). Risk factors for cryptogenic stroke were similar to those for the LAA and SAO groups. Similarly, DWI lesion patterns for cryptogenic stroke were similar to LAA patients. Large cortical infarcts on DWI were more common in the cardioembolic group than in the LAA or cryptogenic groups (P<0.001). In contrast, deep, non-lacunar (OR 5.02; 95% CI 2.68~9.40; P<0.001) and superficial perforator infarcts (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.08~4.59; P=0.029) were independently associated with the cryptogenic group.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that non-cardioembolic causes, such as macro- and microangiopathy, are important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cryptogenic stroke.     

不同病因急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗的疗效分析

目的 比较不同病因脑梗死患者静脉溶栓早期疗效及出血转化风险,为不同病因脑梗死静脉溶 栓治疗提供参考和依据。 方法 回顾性纳入2015年9月-2019年9月在深圳市人民医院神经内科住院接受rt-PA静脉溶栓的 连续性急性脑梗死患者,收集患者的基线资料,并根据中国缺血性卒中分型（Chinese Ischemic Stroke Subclassification,CISS）标准进行病因分组。临床有效定义为溶栓后较溶栓前NIHSS评分下降≥4分或 NI HSS评分降至0分。分析不同病因患者静脉溶栓后24 h和7 d的有效率及24 h出血转化的风险。 结果 共纳入283例患者,静脉溶栓后24 h有效例数共129例（4 5.58%）,其中穿支动脉疾病 （penetrating artery disease,PAD）组35例（63.64%）、大动脉粥样硬化型（large-artery atherosclerosis, LAA）组70例（54.69%）、病因不确定（undetermined etiology,UE）组10例（45.45%）、其他病因（other etiology,OE）组3例（23.08%）、心源性（cardiogenic stroke,CS）组11例（16.92%）。组间比较,PAD组有 效率明显高于UE组、OE组、CS组,P值分别为0.015、0.008、0.004;LAA组有效率明显高于UE组、OE组、 CS组,P值分别为0.032、0.011、0.009;UE组有效率明显高于OE组、CS组,P值分别为0.031、0.019。溶 栓7 d有效例数共193例（68.20%）,其中PAD组有效率明显高于CS组（72.73% vs 58.46%,P =0.009）。 溶栓7 d后≤55岁患者有效率明显高于≥80岁患者（76.11% vs 55.56%,P =0.013）。共有23例出现出 血转化（8.13%）,PAD组出血转化率（1.82%）明显低于LAA组、OE组、UE组、CS组,P值分别为0.025、 0.018、0.004、0.001;CS组出血转化率（18.46%）明显高于LAA组、OE组、UE组,P值分别为0.005、 0.012、0.021;≥80岁患者出血转化率明显高于≤55岁患者（14.81% vs 6.19%,P =0.002）和55～79岁 患者（14.81% vs 8.39%,P =0.006）。 结论 不同病因脑梗死患者早期溶栓有效率和出血转化风险有差异,穿支动脉疾病组溶栓早期有 效率较高,出血转化风险低;心源性组患者早期有效率较低,出血转化风险相对较高;患者越年轻, 溶栓效果越好,出血转化风险越小。     

Wernicke脑病综合征10例临床分析

目的:探讨Wernicke脑病(WE)的病因、临床表现特点、MRI表现及预后。方法:对10例WE患者的病因、临床表现、头颅MRI特点和预后进行了回顾性分析。结果:WE病因多与维生素B1缺乏有关,主要临床表现为眼肌麻痹,共济失调、精神异常三联症,但也可以表现为周围神经病、言语障碍等。头颅MRI有特异性部位的异常信号改变。及时予以维生素B1治疗者预后多良好。结论:提高临床对WE的认识,有利于早诊断、早干预,有助于改善WE的预后。