老年直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口漏159例临床分析

目的 探讨老年直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口漏的发生率、危险因素和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析159例直肠癌行Dixon术患者的临床资料.结果 年龄、肿瘤距肛缘距离、糖尿病、术前低蛋白、术前合并肠梗阻、切口感染与吻合口漏的发生密切相关,而性别与吻合口漏的发生无关.结论 吻合口漏是直肠癌Dixon术后一种常见并发症,低位直肠癌行保肛手术增加吻合口漏发生率,大部分吻合口漏经单纯引流管冲洗可治愈,少数病例需行剖腹探查肠造瘘术.     

中下段直肠癌保肛术并TME术后吻合口瘘的危险因素分析(附156例报告)

分析156例中下段直肠癌患者行保肛术并直肠全系膜切除（TME）术后吻合口瘘的影响因素。吻合口距肛缘平均3.6cm（1-5cm），吻合口瘘发生率10．3％。女性、行近段肠造口者吻合口瘘发生率低（P均〈0．01），未行近段肠造口的男性患者吻合瘘发生率较高。行近段肠造口发生吻合口瘘者无1例需再次手术。认为应用保肛术并TME术治疗中低位直肠癌时，为了预防吻合口瘘的发生，对男性患者应常规行近段肠造口术；女性患者可不需要，只有在吻合技术不理想时选择近段肠造口术。     

窄形管胃对食管癌根治术后吻合口瘘发生率影响的研究

目的探讨食管癌根治术后吻合口瘘发生率与术中裁剪管胃形状的相关性以及吻合口瘘发生的相关因素。方法选取2011年1月至2016年1月在如皋市人民医院接受食管癌根治术的389例患者,其中17例患者术后发生吻合口瘘。回顾性分析术中裁剪管胃的宽窄以及患者临床资料中各因素与术后吻合口瘘发生率的相关性。结果术中采用窄形管胃的患者术后吻合口瘘发生率显著低于采用宽形管胃的患者,且术后吻合口瘘的发生与肿瘤部位、吻合部位显著相关,上段食管癌、颈部吻合患者术后吻合口瘘发生率高于对应的中下段食管癌、胸部吻合患者(P0.01)。结论窄形管胃可降低食管癌根治术后吻合口瘘发生率,肿瘤部位、吻合部位是术后吻合口瘘发生的相关因素。     

福爱乐医用胶在食管贲门癌手术中的应用

对243例食管贲门癌手术的患者应用福爱乐医用胶(FAL)进行吻合口加固、固定胸胃、止他在及胸顶胸膜的封闭.结果 术后无1例发生吻合口瘘,仅3例发生吻合口狭窄.认为在食管贲门癌手术中的应用FAL可以减少术后吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄的发生,在减少渗出、止血方面效果满意,且操作简便、安全;FAL是一种值得推广的手术辅助材料.     

Ⅰ期手术方法在左半结肠急症外科的临床应用

目的应用术中结肠灌洗技术I期手术方法治疗左半结肠的急症病变．方法腹腔探察满意后，充分游离相应的肠系膜，游离牌曲和肝曲，结扎病变的近端，根据病情，如需切除范围较大，可切断后，置近端于切口外，这适用于肿瘤患者．如范围小，可经病变近端插管结扎固定．首先挤压或夹出肠腔内成形粪便，后接大口径螺纹管．经阑尾残端或末端回肠造口插入一根22号Forly管．用温生理盐水经Forly导管持续灌注，到流出液清亮为止，平均用盐水3L—8L．待灌洗满意后常规切除病变肠段，放置腹腔引流管于吻合口旁．术毕即扩肛，排出肠腔内的气体和液体．结果本组行左半结肠切除10例；低位前切除3例；局部切除吻合5例．术后死于多脏器衰竭1例，吻合口瘘1例，因瘘口较小经引流后治愈．其中13例肿瘤患者得到根治，平均住院12d．结论应用术中结肠灌洗技术I期手术方法治疗左半结肠的急症病变是安全可靠的方法．.     

镍钛记忆合金加压吻合夹在胃肠吻合中的应用

目的: 评价一种新型镍钛记忆合金加压吻合夹(CAC)进行胃肠吻合的安全性及有效性.方法:2006-04/2007-09行远端胃大部切除胃空肠吻合的患者40例随机分为2组,各20例.研究组使用CAC进行胃空肠吻合;对照组使用管型吻合器进行胃空肠吻合.术后观察有无发生与胃肠吻合相关的并发症,并观察肛门排气、排便时间以及CAC的排出时间.结果:两组患者术后均未出现与吻合相关的胃肠吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄或肠梗阻等并发症,术后肛门排气、排便时间两组差异无统计学意义.研究组CAC均于术后10-30d排出体外.结论:应用CAC进行胃肠吻合安全可靠,使用简便.     

器械吻合在胸中下段食管癌手术中应用231例

目的:总结胸中下段食管癌切除术后胸内食管胃端侧器械吻合的经验和体会.方法:使用国产WH-Y型胃肠吻合器对231例胸中下段食管癌患者进行胸内器械吻合.231例患者术前均经上消化道钡餐造影及纤维胃镜病理检查明确诊断为食管鳞癌.其中胸中段食管癌51例,下段食管癌180例.病变长度0.512cm.本文回顾性分析2005-01/2009-12食管癌患者231例的临床资料.结果:本组231例中,吻合口瘘3例,发生率1.30%(3/231),其中死亡1例,为术后4d出现吻合口瘘.余2例为术后10d出现吻合口瘘,均经通畅引流、营养支持等内科保守治疗治愈.术后4w发生吻合口狭窄2.16%(3/231),均予以胃镜下球囊扩张后治愈.本组手术平均耗时160min,出血平均为500mL,术后平均住院15d.术后随访207例,1、3、5年生存率为53.1%、27.5%、18.4%.结论:应用器械吻合行胸内食管胃端侧吻合术效果可靠,操作方便.     

经纤支镜注入肠粘合剂治疗肺切除术后支气管胸膜瘘

肺切除术后支气管胸膜瘘是胸肺外科的严重并发症 ,残端吻合瘘形成后如处理不当 ,会导致手术失败。过去对此并发症多采用瘘口修补或胸廓改形术 ,但组织创伤较大 ,患者不易接受。 1996～ 1998年 ,我们对 5例肺切除术后并发支气管胸膜瘘患者采用经纤维支气管镜 (纤支镜 )导管注入肠粘合剂(OB胶 )修补瘘口取得成功 ,现报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 4例 ,女 1例 ;年龄 2 6～ 6 8岁。术前确诊为肺癌 4例 (肺腺癌、鳞癌各 2例 ) ,支气管内膜结核 1例。均行肺切除术 ,术后并发支气管胸膜瘘。瘘口位于左主支气管残端吻合处 3例 ,右中间支气管 1例 ,左…     

结肠膀胱瘘的诊断及治疗（附8例报告）

目的提高结肠膀胱瘘的诊断和治疗水平。方法对8例结肠膀胱瘘患者的临床表现、病因、瘘口情况、治疗及预后进行回顾性分析。结果8例均为单一瘘口,临床主要表现为粪尿、反复泌尿系感染、气尿等,病因为结肠癌、结肠憩室炎、克罗恩病等;经膀胱镜、CT检查等确诊;行病变肠段切除一期吻合联合膀胱部分切除术4例,病变肠管一期切除吻合加瘘修补术1例,一期乙状结肠造口、二期结肠癌根治术联合膀胱部分切除术1例,姑息性近端结肠造口1例,膀胱全切联合病变肠管切除术1例,癌性患者术后辅以针对原发病的化疗;7例平均随访3．5a,仅克罗恩病患者复发、再次手术后生存良好。结论结肠膀胱瘘主要临床表现为粪尿、气尿、反复尿路感染;常见病因有肿瘤、憩室炎、克罗恩病等;膀胱镜和CT是首选的检查方法;确诊后应早期手术治疗;预后与原发病因性质密切相关。     

带蒂肌瓣修补治疗老年食管胃吻合口瘘15例

食管胃吻合口瘘是食管癌手术的严重并发症,对于老年患者后果尤其严重,往往导致患者术后死亡.对于瘘口较大的患者常需二次手术修补,单纯修补常难以愈合,需要应用自体材料修补,而应用何种自体材料修补效果更好目前尚未形成共识.笔者2001年7月至2008年9月对15例老年食道癌术后吻合口瘘患者行带蒂胸大肌肌瓣或肋间肌瓣修补治疗,取得了满意效果.     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

Pulmonary sporotrichosis in Oklahoma in susceptibilities in vitro

Six cases of pulmonary sporotichosis were observed in 2 institutions in Oklahoma City, Okla. Three of the patients were treated with iodides with or without surgery. Although one patient required a second course of iodides, the patients have remained well after at least 34 months of follow-up. Three patients treated with amphotericin B, single course as well as multiple courses, and other antifungal agents (hydroxystilbamidine and miconazole) have all relapsed. These cases and a reviewed of more than 40 cases of pulmonary sporotrichosis susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii that we observed in vitro suggest that amphotericin B is not an effective agent for the treatment of pulmonary sporotrichosis. It is our opinion that the treatment of choice for pulmonary sporotrichosis is a supersaturated solution of potassium iodide. If the patient is allergic to the medication or fails to respond, then a combination of amphotericin B plus flucytosine may be tried.     

Differences in outcome in primary angioplasty in women.

BACKGROUND: In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has proved to be the best therapeutic approach. Several factors have been associated with worse outcome in AMI in females. Are there differences in outcome in women undergoing PTCA for AMI? AIM: To evaluate gender influence on clinical outcome and in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI who undergo primary percutaneous interventions. METHODS: We studied 245 consecutive patients (72 women, 29.4 %), who underwent primary PTCA between January 2000 and December 2001. The following parameters were analyzed: risk factors for coronary artery disease including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and family history, previous AMI, PTCA or angina, pain-to-balloon time, extent of coronary disease and outcome. RESULTS: Female patients were older (67.9+/-11.6 vs. 59.6+/-13; p < 0.001) with a higher prevalence of hypertension (65.3 % vs. 47.4 %; p < 0.05) and angina (29.0 % vs. 16.0 %; p < 0.05) and lower prevalence of smoking (27.8 % vs. 54.3 %; p < 0.001). Pain-to-balloon time was longer in women (6.8+/-4.1 vs. 5.4+/-3.7 hours; p < 0.05). Extent of coronary disease was similar in both groups. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were used in 84.7 % of women and 90.8 % of men. The frequency of hemorrhagic complications (5.6 % vs. 5.2 %) and arrhythmias (15.3 % vs. 10.4%) and in-hospital mortality (9.7 6.4 %) were higher in females, although without statistical significance (p = NS). Hospitalization time was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the growing awareness of a gender bias in therapeutic approaches to AMI, there are still some differences in outcome, with a trend towards higher mortality rates in women. Older age and longer pain-to-balloon time could account for this.