耳内镜下鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管及盐酸氨溴索冲洗中耳腔治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的临床观察

目的观察耳内镜下鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管及局部应用氨溴索治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法对112例、145耳鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎患者分别行耳内镜下鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管及盐酸氨溴索冲洗中耳腔的治疗对照观察。结果A组（鼓膜置管＋盐酸氨溴索冲洗中耳腔）52耳,治愈45耳（86.5％）,好转5耳（9.6％）,无效2耳,有效率为96.1％;B组（鼓膜置管）53耳,治愈32耳（60.3％）,好转14耳（26.4％）,无效7耳,有效率为86.7％;C组（鼓膜穿刺＋盐酸氨溴索冲洗中耳腔）40耳,治愈20耳（50％）,好转12耳（30％）,无效8耳,有效率为80％。经Ridit分析,P〈0.05,有显著性差异,A、B两组疗程经t检验,亦有显著性差异。结论应用盐酸氨溴索冲洗中耳腔结合鼓膜置管治疗放疗后分泌性中耳炎有较好的疗效。     

CO_2激光鼓膜造孔与鼓膜置管在治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的对照研究

目的对比CO_2激光鼓膜造孔与鼓膜置管在治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的疗效及并发症。方法 2014年8月至2015年8月,前瞻对照研究71例鼻咽癌放疗后并发分泌性中耳炎的患者,分别接受两种治疗方式的治疗结果。其中37例(59耳)接受CO_2激光鼓膜造孔术(CO_2激光造孔组),34例(55耳)接受耳内镜下鼓膜置管术(鼓膜置管组),比较两组疗效及并发症。结果疗效情况:CO_2激光造孔组治愈27耳(45.8%),好转18耳(30.5%),无效14耳(23.7%);鼓膜置管组治愈24耳(43.6%),好转15耳(27.3%),无效16耳(29.1%),两组间有效率比较,差异无统计学差异(P0.05)。并发症情况:CO_2激光造孔组59耳中术后复发25耳(42.4%);耳漏5耳(8.4%);鼓膜穿孔不愈合5耳(8.4%)。鼓膜置管组55耳中术后复发9耳(16.4%);耳漏14耳(25.5%);鼓膜穿孔不愈合6耳(10.9%)。两组间并发症比较,复发率CO_2激光造孔组高于鼓膜置管组,而CO_2激光造孔组的耳漏发生率显著低于鼓膜置管组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);鼓膜穿孔发生率两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CO_2激光鼓膜造孔在治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎虽然存在一定的复发率,患者需多次接受手术,但显著降低中耳感染,更值得临床所推崇。     

鼻咽癌患者放疗后并发分泌性中耳炎的综合治疗

目的：探讨鼻咽癌患者放射治疗后并发分泌性中耳炎的综合治疗疗效。方法回顾性分析78例（88耳）因鼻咽癌行放射治疗后并发分泌性中耳炎的患者进行全身治疗（包括激素、神经营养和血管扩张剂,并适当应用广谱抗生素）、鼻腔及鼻咽局部定期清理、盐酸氨溴索与曲安奈德鼓室注射、鼓膜置管等综合治疗后的疗效。结果78例（88耳）鼻咽癌放疗后并分泌性中耳炎患者中71耳治愈,6耳好转,总有效率87．5％（77／88）,无效11耳（12．5％,11／88）。结论对鼻咽癌放射治疗导致的分泌性中耳炎患者进行全身及局部综合治疗,尤其是鼓室注射类固醇激素或鼓膜置管,可改善患者听力,提高其生存质量。     

耳内镜下鼓室置管联合药物灌注治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的疗效分析[论著]

目的　回顾性研究鼓膜置管联合药物灌注（地塞米松+α-糜蛋白酶）治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法　选择鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎患者40例（63耳）,耳内镜下行鼓膜置管加地塞米松和糜蛋白酶灌注中耳治疗3周,随访1年,观察患者临床有效率。结果  40例（63耳）中,治愈32耳（50.8%）,好转24耳（38.1%）,无效7耳,总有效率88.9%。术后并发症发生率54.0%（34/63）,包括初次置管后通气管脱落10耳（15.9%）,均予以再次鼓膜置管;耳漏12耳（19.0%）,经抗感染治疗后好转,遗留鼓膜穿孔3耳（4.8%）;通气管堵塞9耳（14.3%）,耳内镜下予以3%双氧水清洗吸除后再通;术后复发8耳（12.7%）。结论　耳内镜下鼓膜置管联合地塞米松及α-糜蛋白酶灌注,治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎有较好的疗效,术后并发症发生率较高,但经过积极治疗预后良好。     

鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的Meta分析

目的应用Meta分析方法评价鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管治疗鼻咽癌（nasopharyngealcarcinomal,NPC）放疗后分泌性中耳炎（secretory otitis media,SOM）的疗效差异,为临床治疗选择提供依据。方法电子检索Pubmed、Embase及中文期刊数据库（CBM,CNKI及CSTJ）,获取对照鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管治疗NPC放疗后SOM的临床研究资料;用Stata9.2统计软件包进行Meta分析。结果共纳入符合要求的研究5篇,合计患者352例（484耳）;Meta分析结果显示两者在有效率上的差异无统计学意义[RR=1.02,95%CI（0.78,1.32）];而鼓膜置管组并发症的发生率高于鼓膜穿刺组[RR=0.25,95%CI（0.14,0.44）]。结论在NPC放疗后SOM患者的初次治疗中,鼓膜穿刺和鼓膜置管的疗效相似,鼓膜置管比鼓膜穿刺更易发生并发症。以上分析结果提示,对于初次治疗的患者选择并发症发生率相对较小的鼓膜穿刺更合理。     

鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的治疗

目的探讨治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的治疗方法。方法将60例鼻咽癌放疗后并发分泌性中耳炎患者随机分为A、B两组,每组30例。A组鼓室置管;B组在鼻内镜下行鼻腔鼻咽部清理加鼓膜穿刺抽液加鼓室给药沐舒坦。比较分析两组治疗效果及并发症。结果随访10个月,60例中存活49例。存活患者中,分泌性中耳炎治疗有效率A组为52.6%,B组为81.6%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;并发症发生率A组为23.7%,B组为7.9%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对鼻咽癌放疗后伴发的分泌性中耳炎治疗,鼻腔鼻咽部清理加鼓膜穿刺抽液加鼓室给药沐舒坦优于单纯鼓室置管引流。     

鼓室置管治疗放疗后中耳炎23例报告

鼓室置管治疗放疗后中耳炎２３例报告陈建超鼻咽癌放疗后常并发中耳炎。当中耳积液为浆液性时，行鼓膜穿刺抽液效果较好，如为粘液或胶状积液时，行鼓膜穿刺抽液则难以排除。笔者自１９９２年３月至１９９４年６月行鼓室置管治疗放疗后中耳炎２３例（３８耳），并配合药物...     

显微镜下鼓膜置管治疗鼻咽癌放疗后

目的：探讨显微镜下鼓膜置管对鼻咽癌（NPC）放疗后的分泌性中耳炎（SOM）的疗效。方法：对27例、39耳NPC放疗后的SOM患者进行鼓膜置管和随访。结果：随访3个月～3年，治愈9耳(23.1%)，有效25耳（64.1%），总有效率87.2%。结论：显微镜下鼓膜置管治疗SOM创伤小，有利于咽鼓管功能的恢复。     

鼓膜穿刺和置管治疗儿童OSAHS合并分泌性中耳炎疗效分析

目的探讨鼓膜穿刺抽液和置管对于儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将OSAHS合并分泌性中耳炎患儿202例(267耳)随机分为腺样体切除伴鼓膜穿刺组96例(145耳)和腺样体切除伴鼓膜置管组106例(122耳)。鼓膜穿刺组于术后1月和3月、鼓膜置管组通气管取出后1月复查声导抗,并对两组治疗后分泌性中耳炎的有效率、复发率进行比较。结果鼓膜穿刺组术后1个月及3个月分泌性中耳炎的治疗有效率分别为90.34%和93.10%;鼓膜置管组取管1月后分泌性中耳炎的治疗有效率为95.08%,两组间差异无显著统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访6个月,两组的复发率分别为2.0%和0.8%,再手术率均为0。结论对于OSAHS合并分泌性中耳炎的患儿,在腺样体切除的前提下行鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效相当。     

鼻咽癌并发的分泌性中耳炎治疗方法的研究

目的:探讨鼻咽癌并发的分泌性中耳炎的治疗方法。方法:将58例鼻咽癌放疗前并发分泌性中耳炎患者随机分为两组。A组:鼻腔鼻咽部清理及冲洗加鼓膜穿刺抽液;B组:鼓膜切开或鼓室置管引流。随访半年,对治疗分泌性中耳炎的有效率和并发症发生率进行比较。结果:随访半年后,58例中存活51例。存活患者中,治疗分泌性中耳炎的有效率A组为82.1％,B组为57.1％,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);治疗分泌性中耳炎并发症发生率A组为3.6％,B组为28.6％,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:鼻咽癌患者分泌性中耳炎的治疗,鼻腔鼻咽部清理及冲洗加鼓膜穿刺抽液优于鼓膜切开或鼓室置管引流。     

The treatment for postirradiation otitis media with effusion: a study of three methods

Objective: To explore treatments for postirradiation otitis media with effusion (OME) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Study Design: This study is a prospective quasi‐randomized clinical trial. Methods: Ninety‐six patients (135 ears) with OME after the first course of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were divided into three groups: simple auripuncture plus aspiration, tympanic membrane fenestration with cauterization, and myringotomy plus grommet insertion. Cure rates and incidences of complications were compared. Results: Two deaths occurred. The other 94 patients (132 ears) finished a 2‐year follow‐up. In group 1, four ears (8.9%) were cured after the first treatment and 17 ears overall (37.8%) were cured by the end of the follow‐up. Twenty ears (44.4%) had persistent fluid, two ears (4.4%) developed chronic suppurative otitis media, and five ears (11.1%) developed dry eardrum perforation. In group 2, seven ears (15.6%) were cured after the first treatment and 21 ears overall (46.7%) were cured by the end of the follow‐up. Fourteen ears (31.1%) had persistent fluid, three ears (6.7%) developed chronic suppurative otitis media, and seven ears (15.6%) developed dry eardrum perforation. In group 3, eight ears (17.8%) were cured after the first treatment and 23 ears overall (51.1%) were cured by the end of the follow‐up. Seven ears (15.6%) had persistent fluid, five ears (11.1%) developed chronic suppurative otitis media, three ears (6.7%) developed eardrum perforation with effusion, and five ears (11.1%) developed dry eardrum perforation. Conclusion: The methods each have advantages and disadvantages. We believe that a step by step approach should be used when choosing the treatment method for postirradiation OME. That is, first apply auripuncture plus aspiration, and then the other methods if this approach is inadequate. Enhanced local care after grommet insertion can effectively reduce the incidence of complications.     

Glue under pressure: a bad prognostic sign for recurrence of otitis media with effusion.

One hundred and thirteen children with bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME) underwent myringotomy and insertion of Shah grommets. They were classified into three groups according to the presence or absence of 'glue under pressure' unilaterally or bilaterally. The follow up period ranging between 18 and 32 months determined the comparative rate of recurrence of OME and the number of grommet reinsertions. This study shows a significantly higher incidence of recurrent OME, requiring grommet reinsertion, in ears with glue under pressure (60 per cent) compared to those with glue not under pressure (7.4 per cent). Thus it was possible to identify a subset of children with OME who have a poorer prognosis for recurrence and who should be treated with long-stay grommets in the first instance.     

儿童分泌性中耳炎相关骨导听力下降的临床分析

目的：分析儿童分泌性中耳炎相关的骨导听力下降的病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析150例（225耳）分泌性中耳炎儿童中35例（37耳）骨导听力下降的临床资料。结果：35例患儿均给予鼓膜切开置管或（和）鼻内镜下腺样体切除术,术后给予药物治疗。34例患儿骨导听阈恢复正常,1例患儿随访6个月改善不明显。结论：35例（23．3％）患儿的暂时性听阈移位或永久性听阈移位的发病机制与分泌性中耳炎有关。儿童分泌性中耳炎的发病病程中有发展成骨导听力下降的可能,应引起高度重视,及早干预避免病情发展。     

儿童分泌性中耳炎鼓膜置管前后听性脑干反应的特征

目的：评价儿童分泌性中耳炎鼓膜置管前后听性脑干反应（ABR）的特征及变化。方法：回顾性分析行鼓膜置管的37例分泌性中耳炎患儿（研究组）手术前后的ABR资料,并与30例健康儿童（对照组）的ABR资料相对比;将研究组再按波形分化程度分为波形分化不良组和波形分化较好组,对两组的病程及波Ⅴ反应阈等进行比较。结果：①儿童分泌性中耳炎可以影响ABR的波形分化和各波出现率,手术后有改善;术前波形分化不良组的波Ⅴ反应阈及病程与波形分化较好组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。②Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期术后较术前明显缩短且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但手术前后波间期的改变无统计学意义。③与对照组相比,手术前后均存在部分波潜伏期及波间期的异常,且有统计学意义。结论：儿童分泌性中耳炎的ABR表现为：波形分化及出现率的改变、波间期及波潜伏期的改变、波Ⅴ反应阈的改变,鼓膜置管术可以改善这些变化,但仍未达到对照组水平。     

Mechanism of hearing loss in irradiated ears: a long-term longitudinal study

A 10-year longitudinal follow-up study of hearing was conducted in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in order to elucidate the mechanism of hearing loss in irradiated ears. Ten NPC patients were subjected to a battery of audiological tests before irradiation and 6 months, 5 years, and 10 years after irradiation. The tests included pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, eustachian tube function testing, and myringotomy to confirm middle ear effusion. The prevalences of otitis media with effusion (OME) were 25%, 25%, 40%, and 25% at the 4 testing periods described above, respectively. The prevalences of chronic otitis media were 0%, 0%, 15%, and 25%, respectively. In myringotomized ears (n = 17), the mean hearing levels for both air conduction and bone conduction were preserved from the preirradiation period to 10 years after irradiation. In contrast, in grommeted ears (n = 3), the mean hearing levels for both air conduction and bone conduction deteriorated progressively from the preirradiation period to 10 years after irradiation. We conclude that hearing can be preserved in NPC patients 10 years after irradiation if middle ear inflammation is well controlled. We do not recommend grommet insertion in irradiated NPC patients with OME, as it may result in persistent otorrhea and hearing deterioration.     

Otitis media with effusion in children shows a progressive resolution with time

The course of chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) was studied in 117 children (207 ears). Diagnosis was based on otoscopy and a flat (type B) tympanogram. This was compared with the presence or absence of middle ear effusion at myringotomy carried out 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and more than 9 months after diagnosis. There was a highly significant reduction in the number of effusions diagnosed at myringotomy in those patients who had waited longer for operation. The effects of previous ventilation tube insertion, adenoidectomy, medical treatment between diagnosis and operation, month of diagnosis and month of admission on the results were examined. Tympanosclerosis and atelectasis occurred in 7.3 and 6.3% of ears respectively and in most cases were associated with previous grommet insertion.     

鼓膜置管治疗小儿分泌性中耳炎108例分析

目的了解鼓膜置管加鼓室注药对小儿分泌性中耳炎的治疗效果.方法回顾性调查小儿分泌性中耳炎108例鼓膜置管及鼓室注药后的疗效.结果鼓膜置管术有效率为92.1%(152/165).结论鼓膜置管加鼓室注药较适合小儿分泌性中耳炎的治疗.     

Failure of grommet insertion in post-irradiation otitis media with effusion

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors with post-irradiation otitis media with effusion (OME; 100 ears) were divided into 2 groups. One group underwent grommet insertion, and the other group was treated by repeated myringotomies plus aspiration to evaluate the outcome of the OME. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, audiometry, and local checks of the ear, nose, and nasopharyngeal fields were performed to evaluate the sinus and middle ear conditions over a long-term (more than 10 years) follow-up period. The results in these NPC survivors with OME indicated that the prevalence of middle ear complications in the myringotomized group (33%) was less than that in the grommeted group (90%). Grommets alone cannot eradicate inflammation outside the middle ear cavity, but rather, they can aggravate it by superinfection. We therefore recommend that controlling the radiation-induced inflammation in areas such as the ears, nose, sinuses, and nasopharynx is most important. In conclusion, post-irradiation OME should be treated in a different way from conventional OME. Restated, grommet insertion is contraindicated in post-irradiation OME.     

桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合鼓膜置管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎

目的 比较桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合鼓膜置管与单纯鼓膜置管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法 将60例(72耳)慢性分泌性中耳炎患者随机分成实验组30例(38耳)和对照组30例(34耳)。对照组给予患者耳内镜下鼓膜置管,实验组在对照组的基础上联合应用口服桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊,随访6个月,比较两组的疗效。结果 实验组治愈21例(26耳),好转6例(8耳),无效3例(4耳),总有效率34/38;对照组治愈16例(16耳),好转7例(8耳),无效7例(10耳),总有效率24/34,实验组疗效优于对照组(P=0.043)。结论 桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合鼓膜置管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎,疗效明显优于单纯鼓膜置管,患者治愈率提高。