丹参对大鼠脑颞叶梗死后空间认知障碍的改善和HSP32表达的影响

目的　探讨丹参对单侧颞叶缺血性损害大鼠空间认知能力的改善作用及与热休克蛋白３２（ＨＳＰ３２）表达的关系。方法　采用立体定向光化学技术导致大鼠左侧颞叶皮层梗死,术前３０ 分钟及术后第３ 天分别给丹参组大鼠腹腔注射丹参１０ｇ／ｋｇ,用Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ 水迷宫监测大鼠行为。然后取脑进行ＨＥ染色及ＨＳＰ３２ 免疫组化分析。结果　丹参组大鼠在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ 迷宫中搜索目标的反应时和行程较单纯梗死组显著缩短,且较多地使用了正常的认知策略,其由随机式过渡到趋向和直线式策略的进程也与正常对照组无明显差异。丹参治疗组颞叶梗死体积较单纯梗死组显著缩小,ＨＳＰ３２ 表达明显减少。结论　丹参可以明显改善单侧颞叶缺血性损害大鼠的空间认知能力障碍。ＨＳＰ３２ 表达与颞叶损害有关联。     

巴曲酶对大鼠颞叶梗死后空间认知障碍的改善和PDGF表达的影响

目的：探讨巴曲酶对单侧颞叶缺血性损害大鼠空间认知加工能力的改善作用及与ＰＤＧＦ表达的关系。方法：用Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ迷宫监测大鼠空间认知能力,行为。实验结束后取脑进行梗死体积测定及ＰＤＧＦ免疫组化分析。结果：（１）巴曲酶可以显著地缩短梗死大鼠在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ迷宫中搜索目标的平均反应时和行程;（２）、巴曲酶组大鼠较多,较早地使用了正常的认知策略。巴曲酶治疗组颞叶梗死体积较单纯梗死组显著缩小,ＰＤＧＦ－Ａ表达     

溶栓胶囊对单侧颞叶皮质脑梗死大鼠空间认知能力的改善

目的 探讨溶栓胶囊治疗脑梗死后脑功能障碍的作用。方法 采用光化学诱导脑梗死大鼠模型，观察脑梗死组、脑梗死后治疗组及假手术组在Morris水迷宫的训练成绩。结果 治疗组较非治疗组学习成绩显著提高（P＜0．01），与假手术组比较无显著差异。结论 溶栓胶囊是治疗脑梗死的有效药物，早期溶栓治疗脑梗死可改善脑缺血后的认知功能障碍。     

蚓激酶对单侧颞叶皮质脑梗死大鼠空间认知能力改善的探讨

目的:探讨早期溶栓治疗是否改善血管性痴呆的认知能力和蚓激酶制剂溶栓及改善脑梗死后脑功能作用。方法:采用光化学诱导脑梗死大鼠模型,观察假手术组、梗死组、及梗死后治疗组在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫的训练成绩。结果:治疗组较非治疗组学习成绩提高,统计有显著性差异(Ｐ＜０．０１),与假手术组比较无显著性差异。结论:早期蚓激酶治疗脑梗死可改善脑缺血后的认知功能障碍。     

c-Jun、bFGF、HSP70在丹参改善颞叶缺血大鼠空间记忆障碍中的表达变化

目的：探讨在丹参改善单侧颞叶缺血大鼠空间记忆障碍中c-Jun,bFGF和HSP70的表达变化。方法：采用立体定向光化学方法选择性地导致大鼠左侧颞叶皮层缺血,术前30分钟及术后第3天分别给丹参组大鼠腹腔注射丹参10g／kg,用Morris水迷宫及图像自动监视系统监测大鼠行为。然后取脑进行病理学及c-Jun、bFGF和HSP70免疫组化分析。结果：经丹参治疗,颞叶缺血性损害大鼠的空间记忆障碍得到显著改善,颞叶缺血损害程度显著减轻,缺血灶内c-Jun、bFGF和HSP70表达明显减少。结论：丹参可以明显改善单侧颞叶缺血性损害大鼠的空间记忆障碍,其机制可能与丹参减轻颞叶缺血损害,下调c－Jun、bFGF和HSP70表达有关。     

巴曲酶对大鼠颞叶梗塞后学习障碍的改善作用

目的研究巴曲酶对大鼠左侧颞叶梗塞后空间学习障碍的改善作用。方法采用立体定向光化学诱导脑梗塞技术选择性地导致大鼠左侧颞叶皮层梗塞,术前３０分钟及术后第３天分别给巴曲酶组大鼠腹腔注射巴曲酶８ＢＵ／ｋｇ,行为实验装置由Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫及图像自动监视系统组成。结果（１）巴曲酶可以显著地缩短梗塞大鼠在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ迷宫中搜索目标的平均反应时和行程;（２）巴曲酶组大鼠较多、较早地使用了正常的认知策略。结论巴曲酶对左侧颞叶梗塞大鼠空间认知功能障碍具有明显的改善作用。它除了溶栓作用外,还参与了神经损伤的修复过程。     

丹参对大鼠脑颞叶梗死后空间认知障碍的改善和HSP32表？…

探讨丹参对单颞叶缺血性损害大鼠空间认知能力的改善作用及与热休克蛋白３２（ＨＳＰ３２）表达的关系。方法采用立体定光化学技术导致大鼠左侧颞叶皮层梗死,术前３０分钟及术后第３天分别给丹参组大鼠腹腔注射丹参１０ｇ／ｋｇ,用Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫监测大鼠行为,然后取脑进行ＨＥ染色及ＨＳＰ３２免疫组化分析。结果丹参组大鼠在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ迷宫搜索目标的反应时和行程较屯梗死组显著缩秘而不宣,且较多地使用了正常的认知策略     

纳洛酮改善东莨菪碱所致大鼠空间工作记忆障碍的神经机制研究

目的　对纳洛酮改善东莨菪碱所致大鼠空间工作记忆障碍的神经机制进行探索。目的　对纳洛酮改善东莨菪碱所致大鼠空间工作记忆障碍的神经机制进行探索。方法　大鼠随机分成三组:正常组、东莨菪碱组和纳洛酮治疗组,采用Morris水迷宫延缓性匹配任务试验记录每只大鼠前后两次逃避潜伏期的时间。利用免疫组化及图像分析技术,定量测定各组大鼠海马和前额叶皮层胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)合成,利用电子显微镜技术,观察大鼠海马CA1区超微结构的改变。结果　(1)前后两次逃避潜伏期在正常组呈极显著性差异(t =7.32, P =0.00),东莨菪碱组无差异 (t =1.01, P =0.35),纳洛酮治疗组呈显著性差异(t =3.19, P =0.02)。(2)各组大鼠海马CA1、CA3区, 前额叶皮层神经元ChAT量无差别(P >0.05)。(3)各组大鼠锥体细胞胞体超微结构正常,但东莨菪碱组CA1区神经元突触超微结构明显改变。结论　M-型胆碱能受体阻滞剂东莨菪碱能损害大鼠空间工作记忆;阿片受体阻滞剂纳洛酮能够改善这种损害,其神经机制并非是增加 ChAT活性,而是能促进神经元突触囊泡Ach向突触间隙大量释放,及增加突触后致密物质密度。     

氢溴酸樟柳碱对大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响

目的探讨氢溴酸樟柳碱对空间学习记忆能力的影响。方法将40只SD大鼠随机分为4组:阴性对照组、氢溴酸樟柳碱低、中、高剂量组。通过尾静脉注射给药,阴性对照组给予0.9%氯化钠注射液,氢溴酸樟柳碱低、中、高剂量组分别给予0.3mg、3mg、15mg·kg~(-1)氢溴酸樟柳碱注射液,连续给药14d。采用Morris水迷宫试验评价氢溴酸樟柳碱对大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响,并定期监测动物体质量变化。结果各组大鼠体质量在整个给药期呈现相似的增长趋势,组间比较差异无统计学意义。与阴性对照组比较,氢溴酸樟柳碱中、高剂量组能显著增加第1天上午训练时的上台潜伏期和上台前路程(P 0.05,P 0.01);随着训练次数的增加,各剂量组大鼠在训练后期,潜伏期及路程均低于阴性对照组,其中高剂量组在第2天下午的潜伏期,中剂量组和高剂量组分别在第3天上午、第2天下午的上台前路程,与阴性对照组比较显著降低(P 0.05)。站台撤除后,氢溴酸樟柳碱各剂量组大鼠的站台穿越次数和站台周围路程与阴性对照组相比差异无统计学意义。结论氢溴酸樟柳碱中、高剂量能干扰大鼠短期空间学习记忆能力以及促进长期空间学习记忆能力,对大鼠的空间学习记忆具有双相作用。     

大鼠纹状体边缘区和海马空间学习功能比较的研究

目的　 研究纹状体边缘区和海马在空间学习功能方面有无区别。方法　 将大鼠穹隆海马伞切断及向边缘区注射海人藻酸 ,用Morris水迷宫测试两实验组和相应对照组的空间学习能力的变化。结果　 穹隆海马伞组和边缘区注射海人藻酸组的平均逃避潜伏期与对照组相比均有延长 ,而且延长幅度大致相同。穿环数均有所下降 ,幅度也大致相同。 结论　 纹状体边缘区同海马一样 ,与大鼠的空间学习功能有着密切关系。     

脑缺血和再灌注后脑组织内皮素－1基因表达及丹参的影响

为研究脑缺血和再灌注后脑组织内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）基因表达的变化以及丹参对它的影响，采用线栓法制成大鼠大脑中动脉缺血和再灌注模型，并用地高辛精标记ＥＴ－１基因进行原位杂交。结果显示，缺血组（缺血２４ｈ）和再灌注组（缺血１．５ｈ再灌注２４ｈ）缺血侧皮层及尾壳核ＥＴ－１基因表达均显著高于健侧相应的脑区（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），经丹参治疗后缺血或再灌注鼠缺血侧皮层及尾壳核ＥＴ－１基因表达均显著低于生理盐水（ＮＳ）对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），但仍比健侧脑区显著增高。本实验表明，缺血和再灌注均可诱导脑组织ＥＴ－１基因的异常表达，进一步加重缺血和再灌注引起的脑损伤，丹参对缺血诱导的ＥＴ－１基因表达有部分抑制作用，这可能是丹参防治缺血性脑血管病的分子机理之一。     

PKA-CREB信号转导通路在大鼠慢性脑缺血所致认知功能障碍中的作用

目的:观察PKA-CREB信号转导通路在慢性脑缺血所致大鼠认知功能损害中的作用。方法:结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉,制成慢性脑缺血模型,分缺血8周组和假手术对照组,术后第8周时用Morris水迷宫测定大鼠学习记忆能力。用Westernbloting检测大鼠海马胞核内PKAca及pCREB的表达。结果:缺血组与假手术组相比学习记忆能力明显下降(P<0.05),缺血组大鼠海马中PKAca及pCREB的表达与假手术组相比也下降(P<0.05),且两者之间的下降存在正相关关系。结论:PKA-CREB信号转导通路可能参与了慢性脑缺血所致大鼠认知功能的损害。     

脑缺血再灌注后脑组织c-fos基因表达与丹参的影响

采用线栓法制成大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型，用地高辛精标记ｃ－ｆｏｓ探针进行原位杂交。结果示缺血再灌注鼠栓塞侧皮层及海马ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达显著增多，图像分析灰阶值为１１８．６±５．１，对侧为１５９．６±３．１（Ｐ＜０．００１）。丹参组栓塞侧皮层及海马ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达亦增多，灰阶为１３５．００±２．０５，对侧为１６７．００±２．００（Ｐ＜０．００１）。丹参组与缺血再灌注组比较，栓塞侧丹参组ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达显著低于缺血再灌组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而两组栓塞对侧比较无显著差异。本实验表明，脑缺血再灌注后脑组织ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达显著增多，丹参能部分抑制缺血后ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因的表达，这可能是其治疗缺血性脑血管病的机理之一。     

薰衣草水提取物能改善阿尔茨海默大鼠的空间学习和记忆能力(英文)

目的阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD)是主要的神经退行性疾病之一,其特征主要表现为痴呆,包括学习与记忆的衰退。本研究旨在探索薰衣草(唇形科,薰衣草属)水提取物对AD大鼠空间学习和记忆的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠分为对照组和AD 组,通过给大鼠脑室注射10 ?g A?1-42 建立AD模型。20天后,两组大鼠进行为期5天的水迷宫空间记忆采集实验(每天4次),紧接着进行一次空间探索实验。实验结束后,分别给予AD组和对照组大鼠不同剂量的薰衣草水提取物(50、100、200 mg/kg) 或 0.4 mL/kg 蒸馏水,每天一次共20天。随后,重复上述水迷宫实验。结果在水迷宫实验的第一阶段,AD组大鼠找到平台的潜伏期显著高于对照组大鼠,而在第二阶段,接受蒸馏水注射的对照和AD大鼠找到平台的潜伏期没有差异,说明水迷宫运动本身能提高AD大鼠的空间学习能力。在第二阶段空间记忆采集实验中,与接受蒸馏水注射的同类大鼠相比,接受薰衣草水提取物注射的对照和AD大鼠找到平台的潜伏期显著降低。此外,200 mg/kg 薰衣草水提取物能显著提高对照和AD大鼠的空间探索能力。结论薰衣草水提取物能有效逆转AD ...     

急性脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平及其干预治疗探讨

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者给予维生素B_(12)制剂(甲钴胺)和叶酸(Fa)治疗前后血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、叶酸和维生素B_(12)水平变化及其对预后的影响.方法 检测152例急性脑梗死患者和132例正常人血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、叶酸、维生素B_(12)水平,并对急性脑梗死患者进行神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS);将急性脑梗死组随机分为干预组和非干预组,干预组给予维生素B_(12)制剂(甲钻胺)联合叶酸治疗,治疗4周后复测血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、叶酸和维生素B_(12)水平,并再次进行神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS).结果 急性脑梗死组和正常健康对照组之间血浆Hcy水平、叶酸和维生素B_(12)水平存在明显差异(P<0.01),予以补充叶酸和维生素B_(12)(甲钴胺)治疗后,干预组血浆Hcy水平明显下降,神经功能缺损评分显著升高,与非干预组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 急性脑梗死患者血浆Hcy水平升高,补充叶酸、维生素B_(12)制剂有助于降低血浆Hcy水平,有利于脑梗死疾病的转归.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the changes of the levels of plasma homocysteine ( Hcy), folate and vitamin B_(12) and the relationship between the changes and the prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction who were treated with vitamin B_(12) preparation (methylcobalamin) and folate. Methods The plasma level of Hcy, folate and vitamin B_(12) ( VitB_(12)) of 152 patients with cerebral infarction and 132 healthy people were measured, and the patients with acute cerebral infarction were given a mark with the evaluation of neurological impairments (NIHSS). The patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into intervention group and non-intervention group. The intervention group was treated with vitamin B_(12) preparations (methylcobalamin) and folate. After 4 weeks, retested the plasma homocysteine (Hcy), folate and vitamin B_(12) levels, and carried out NIHSS score once again. Results In the plasma level of Hcy, folate and vitamin B_(12), there were significant differences between the acute cerebral infarction group and the healthy control group (P < 0.01 ). In intervention group, the plasma homocysteine levels decreased significantly, and the evaluation scores increased significantly after intervention treatment, and there was significant differences between intervention group and non-intervention group (P <0.05). Conclusion The levels of plasma Hcy increased in the patients with acute cerebral infarction. Being added with folate and vitamin B_(12) preparations was well to reduce the levels of plasma Hcy, and it was also conducived to the prognosis of acute cerebral infarction.     

非栓塞性脑梗死的出血性转化(附19例分析)

目的 探讨非栓塞性脑梗死患者发生出血性转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)的病因、临床特点及治疗.方法 回顾性分析19例非栓塞性脑梗死患者的临床资料.结果 患者平均年龄为76.4岁,大面积脑梗死(95%)是主要病因,高血压(74%)、糖尿病(53%)亦有较高的发生率.结论 非栓塞性脑梗死的HT常发生在高龄及大面积脑梗死,高血压、糖尿病亦是重要的病因,多为晚发型出血,预后相对较好.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the etiological factors, clinical characteristics and cures of patients with nonembolic cerebral infarction after cerebral infarction. Methods The clinical data of 19 patients with non-embolic cerebral infarction were analyzed retrospectively. Results The average age of patients was 76.4 and the major risk factor was massive cerebral infarction (95%). While hypertension (74%) and diabetes mellitus (53%) were also the risk factors of nonembolic cerebral infarction. Conclusions Hemorrhagic transformation after non-embolic cerebral infarction usually occurs in patients with old age and massive cerebral infarction. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are also the major risk factors for hemorrhagic transformation after non-embolic cerebral infarction, mainly with delayed onset and better outcomes.     

2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死hs-CRP、Lp(a)检测的临床价值

目的探讨2型糖尿病(DM)合并急性脑梗死(ACI)患者检测高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]的临床价值。方法收集42例2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死病例(DM+ACI组),40例单纯T2DM(DM组)及同期40例健康体检者(正常对照组),测定3组人群的hs-CRP、Lp(a)及其他生化指标,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果 DM+ACI组及DM组的血清hs-CRP、Lp(a)水平均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。DM+ACI组血清Lp(a)显著高于DM组(P<0.05),2组hs-CRP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.10)。结论 hs-CRP、Lp(a)检测对2型糖尿病并发急性脑梗死的风险度具有一定的预测价值。     

Enhanced anxiety, depressive-like behaviour and impaired recognition memory in mice with reduced expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1)

Three isoforms of a vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1-3) have been identified. Of these, VGLUT1 is the major isoform in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus where it is selectively located on synaptic vesicles of excitatory glutamatergic terminals. Variations in VGLUT1 expression levels have a major impact on the efficacy of glutamate synaptic transmission. Given evidence linking alterations in glutamate neurotransmission to various neuropsychiatric disorders, we investigated the possible influence of a down-regulation of VGLUT1 transporter on anxiety, depressive-like behaviour and learning. The behavioural phenotype of VGLUT1-heterozygous mice (C57BL/6) was compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. Moreover, VGLUT1-3 expression, hippocampal excitatory terminal ultrastructure and neurochemical phenotype were analysed. VGLUT1-heterozygous mice displayed normal spontaneous locomotor activity, increased anxiety in the light-dark exploration test and depressive-like behaviour in the forced swimming test: no differences were shown in the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety. In the novel object recognition test, VGLUT1(+/-) mice showed normal short-term but impaired long-term memory. Spatial memory in the Morris water maze was unaffected. Western blot analysis confirmed that VGLUT1 heterozygotes expressed half the amount of transporter compared to WT. In addition, a reduction in the reserve pool of synaptic vesicles of hippocampal excitatory terminals and a 35-45% reduction in GABA in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus were observed in the mutant mice. These observations suggest that a VGLUT1-mediated presynaptic alteration of the glutamatergic synapses, in specific brain regions, leads to a behavioural phenotype resembling certain aspects of psychiatric and cognitive disorders.     

Mice with the deleted neurofilament of low molecular weight (Nefl) gene: 2. Effects on motor functions and spatial orientation

Mice with a null mutation of the Nefl gene were compared with normal controls in tests of motor activity, equilibrium, and spatial orientation. Despite a normal capacity to ambulate, NFL -/- mice had fewer rears in an open field, crossed fewer segments on stationary beams, and fell more frequently when suspended on a horizontal bar. In addition, the distance swum before reaching the escape platform was greater in NFL -/- mice than in controls during acquisition of place learning in the Morris water maze at the start of training. The motor impairments were linearly correlated with increased cytochrome oxidase activity seen in cerebellum and brainstem. These results indicate that, as early as 6 months, depletion of the NFL protein is sufficient to cause mild sensorimotor dysfunctions and spatial deficits, but without overt signs of paresis.