Poststroke depression and its role in rehabilitation of inpatients.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of poststroke depression (PSD) in a population of patients admitted for rehabilitation of neurologic sequelae of their first stroke, to recognize reliable prognostic factors associated with the occurrence of PSD, and to evaluate the impact of PSD on the results of rehabilitation treatment. METHODS: In a prospective study of 470 of 508 consecutive patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital for sequelae of their first stroke, the relation between 23 independent variables and the development of depression was assessed by using a logistic regression analysis (forward stepwise). In addition, the impact of PSD on basal disability and on rehabilitation results was assessed by multiple measures (length of stay, efficiency, effectiveness, and percent of low responders on activities of daily living [ADL] and mobility). RESULTS: PSD occurred in 129 patients (27.4%). Being female and having more than 8 years of schooling were associated with a higher probability of developing depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27-2.96, and OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.04-2.48, respectively). No association was found with site or side of cerebral lesion. In a logistic model, depression was a significant independent predictor (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.14-3.46) of low response on ADL in spite of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: PSD occurs especially in female patients and in patients with a high level of education and, even if treated, may affect rehabilitation results. No association was found between brain lesion location and PSD.     

脑卒中后抑郁相关因素的临床分析及百忧解对神经功能康复的影响

目的分析生物、心理、社会因素与脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)的关系,观察百忧解治疗效果。方法80例首次、单侧且发以内的PSD患者,随机分两组,分别接受百忧解或安慰剂治疗4周。结果PSD与病灶的侧别和大小无关,与智力呈负相关。病灶的前后有关。百忧解治疗组患者汉密顿抑郁评分及神经功能缺损评分有明显改善。结论生物、心理及社会因素对PSD响。百忧解治疗有效且可耐受,有利于神经功能缺损的康复。     

Self-reported urinary incontinence in noninstitutionalized long-term stroke survivors: A population-based study

OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of self-reported incontinence among noninstitutionalized long-term stroke survivors with population controls without stroke and to identify risk factors associated with urinary incontinence in the stroke survivors. DESIGN: Community-based, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Municipality of Tronso. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 213 noninstitutionalized stroke survivors (mean time poststroke, 9y) and 242 control subjects. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-reported presence of urinary incontinence. RESULTS: Urinary incontinence was present in 17% of the stroke survivors and in 7% of the control subjects (odds ratio [OR]=2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-5.2) and more prevalent among the stroke survivors than among the control subjects until 10 years poststroke. In the stroke survivors, urinary incontinence was associated with signs of depression (OR=3.0; 95% CI, 1.3-7.1) and tended to be associated with motor function of the leg (OR=3.1; 95% CI, 0.9-10.4) and cognitive function (OR=2.8; 95% CI, 0.9-8.6). Urinary incontinence was strongly related to the number of these risk factors present ( P trend, <.001; OR=7.2; 95% CI, 2.1-24.6) in subjects having 2 or more of the risk factors, compared with subjects with none of these risk factors). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of urinary incontinence is high among long-term stroke survivors, especially in subjects in whom paresis, depressive symptoms, and impaired cognition cluster.     

脑卒中后抑郁症临床分析

目的探讨脑卒中后抑郁症的发生率、临床特点及治疗。方法对2005年3月至2007年10月住院确诊为脑卒中后抑郁症的43例患者随机分为两组。治疗组常规脑卒中加抗抑郁治疗,对照组仅常规脑卒中治疗。观察两组的临床疗效以及脑卒中抑郁与卒中类型和病变部位的关系。结果脑卒中后抑郁症发生率为40．57％,其发生与卒中类型及卒中的病灶部位无关,抗抑郁治疗有助于神经功能恢复。结论应重视脑卒中后抑郁症的发生,及早诊断、治疗。     

Risk factors and ambulatory outcome in ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression

ObjectiveIt is well known that post-stroke depression might be a negative factor for stroke recovery, however there is limited evidence to establish the link between pre-stroke depression and stroke outcome such motor recovery. The objective is to determine clinical risk factors in ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression that are associated functional ambulatory outcome.MethodsData from acute ischemic patients from a regional stroke registry were collected for consecutive recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rtPA)-treated acute ischemic stroke patients between January 2010 and June 2016. Logistic regression model was used to predict risk factors that served as predictive variables, while the increase or reduce odds of improvement in ambulatory outcome was considered as the primary outcome. Multicollinearity and possible interactions among the independent variables were analyzed using the variance inflation factor.ResultsA total of 1446 patients were eligible for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and 596 of these patients received rtPA. Of the 596 ischemic stroke patients, 286 patients presented with recent pre-stroke depression, 310 had no pre-stroke depression. Carotid artery stenosis (OR = 11.577, 95% CI, 1.281–104.636, P = 0.029) and peripheral vascular disease (OR = 18.040, 95% CI, 2.956–110.086, P = 0.002) were more likely to be associated with increase odds of improvement in ambulation in patients with no pre-stroke depression treated with rtPA, while antihypertensive medications (OR = 0.192, 95% CI, 0.035–1.067, P = 0.050),previous TIA (OR = 0.177, 95% CI, 0.038–0.818, P = 0.027), and congestive heart failure (OR = 0. 0.160, 95% CI, 0.030–0.846, P = 0.031) were associated with reduced odds of improvement in ambulation. In addition, carotid artery stenosis (OR = 0.078, 95% CI, 0.10-0.614, P = 0.015, congestive heart failure (OR = 0.217, 95% CI, 0.318–0.402, P = 0.030), previous TIA (OR = 0.444, 95% CI, 0.517–0.971, P = 0.012), higher NIHSS scores ((OR = 0.887, 95% CI, 0.830–0.948, P < 0.001), and antihypertensive medications (OR = 0.810, 95% CI, 0.401–0.529, P = 0.019) were associated with the reduced odd of improvement in ambulation in an ischemic stroke population with pre-stroke depression treated with rtPA.ConclusionOur findings indicate that more risk factors were associated with the decreased odds of an improvement in ambulation following thrombolytic therapy in an ischemic stroke population with pre-stroke depression when compared with those without pre-stroke depression. This finding maybe helpful in the development of management strategies to increase the use of thrombolytic therapy for pre-stroke depressed ischemic stroke to increased their eligibility for rtPA.     

The effect and safety of anacetrapib in the treatment of dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Anacetrapib may be a new treatment option that has a cardiovascular benefit for the management of dyslipidemia.

Objective: The aim of our current study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect and safety of anacetrapib in the treatment of dyslipidemia.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library database from their inception to 5 October 2017, with the terms: ‘anacetrapib’ and ‘placebo’. From 287 initial citations, 10 studies including 34781 patients with dyslipidemia were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis.

Results: Pooled results showed that anacetrapib significantly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [weighted mean differences (WMD) 53.07, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 46.79 to 59.36] and apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) (WMD 53.44, 95% CI 45.72 to 61.16). Our study also showed that anacetrapib significantly reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD ?32.99; 95% CI ?37.13 to ?28.86), Non-HDL-C (WMD ?39.19; 95% CI ?52.22 to ?26.16), triglycerides (TG) (WMD ?9.97; 95% CI ?10.54 to ?9.41), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (WMD ?22.55; 95% CI ?28.56 to ?16.54) and lipoprotein a [LP(a)] (WMD ?13.35; 95% CI ?18.31 to ?8.39). Our results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in all the following adverse events between the anacetrapib group and placebo group: [hepato-toxicity (OR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.75 to 1.07); musculoskeletal injury (OR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.15); drug-related adverse event (OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.05); drug-related withdrawn (OR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.08)].

Conclusions: Although further studies are needed, our findings clearly offer support to the use of anacetrapib in the clinical management of patients with dyslipidemia.     

Adding a dopamine agonist to preexisting levodopa therapy vs. levodopa therapy alone in advanced Parkinson’s disease: a meta analysis

Background: To perform a meta analysis of randomised placebo‐controlled trials evaluating the use of dopamine agonist (DA) or placebo to preexisting levodopa therapy for the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). We focused on clinically important efficacy [Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) activities of daily living (ADL) and motor scores as well as change in ‘off’ time and levodopa dose] and safety outcomes (withdrawal because of adverse drug events (ADEs), dyskinesias, hallucinations and mortality). Methods: A systematic literature search was performed between January 1990 and July 2007. The primary outcome measures assessed were the reduction in scores of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) activities of daily living (ADL) and motor scores as well as reduction in ‘off’ time and reductions in levodopa dose from baseline. Safety end‐points were also evaluated. Results: A total of 15 trials (n = 4380 subjects) were included in the meta analysis. Adjunctive DA use resulted in greater improvement as measured by the UPDRS ADL [weighted mean difference (WMD) ?2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) ?2.64 to ?1.76; p < 0.0001] and motor score reduction (WMD ?5.56, 95% CI ?6.82 to ?4.31; p < 0.0001) as well as reduction in ‘off’ time measured in hours/day (WMD ?1.20, 95% CI ?1.78 to ?0.62; p < 0.0001) and reduction in levodopa dose (WMD ?128.5 mg, 95% CI ?175.0 to ?82.1; p < 0.0001) vs. placebo. Incidence of dyskinesia and hallucinations was higher with DAs [odds ratio (OR) 3.27, 95% CI 2.65–4.03; p < 0.0001] and (OR 3.34, 95% CI 2.44–4.58; p < 0.0001). Non‐ergot DAs were qualitatively better, although both ergot and non‐ergot DAs showed statistically significant improvements in all UPDRS scores. Conclusion: Adjunctive DA use to levodopa is superior to levodopa alone in reducing PD symptoms in patients not controlled with monotherapy. DAs seem especially useful amongst PD patients with wearing‐off phenomenon from levodopa therapy, but can cause some adverse events.     

The effectiveness of anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents in preventing venous thromboembolism during stroke rehabilitation: a historical cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) during stroke rehabilitation. DESIGN: Historical cohort study. SETTING: Acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients (N=1506) with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke admitted for rehabilitation. INTERVENTIONS: Documented use of anticoagulants (warfarin or anticoagulant doses of heparin), heparin in prophylactic doses, and antiplatelet agents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Occurrence of deep vein thrombosis detected by ultrasound or venography or pulmonary embolism detected by ventilation perfusion scan, spiral computed tomography, or pulmonary angiography. RESULTS: Fifty-eight VTE events occurred (3.9% incidence or 1.36 events per 1000 patient days), with higher risk in patients with severe stroke. Only therapeutic anticoagulation had a statistically significant protective effect for VTE risk in univariate analysis (odds ratio [OR]=.44; 95% confidence interval [CI],.20-.98). After adjusting for multiple medication use and other factors, including age, stroke onset to admission interval, length of rehabilitation stay, cause of stroke, and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, therapeutic anticoagulation gave strong protection against VTE (OR=.37; 95% CI,.15-.88), followed by heparin (OR=.48; 95% CI,.23-.98) but not by antiplatelet agents (OR=.79; 95% CI,.40-1.57). No medications were associated with significant bleeding complications. CONCLUSIONS: Use of therapeutic anticoagulants or prophylactic heparin prevented VTE in stroke patients during inpatient rehabilitation.     

盐酸氟西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁临床疗效分析

目的 探讨盐酸氟西汀治疗对脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)及神经功能恢复的疗效.方法 将入选的60例脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组(加用盐酸氟西汀治疗)和对照组(常规治疗)各30例,于治疗前、治疗后8周各采用神经功能缺损量表(DNF)评定和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)进行评定,于治疗2、8周末评定副作用发生情况,进行疗效及副作用的评定.结果 60例脑卒中患者中发生PSD 22例,PSD发生率为36.67%.其中轻度抑郁10例(45.45%),中度抑郁8例(36.36%),重度4例(18.18%).治疗8周后抑郁情绪恢复评分显示抑郁情绪恢复治疗组的疗效明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗8周后两组均无明显副作用.结论 脑卒中患者应用盐酸氟西汀胶囊治疗的临床疗效好,可明显改善患者的抑郁状态及神经功能障碍,同时应用药物治疗的副作用小,安全性高.盐酸氟西汀可作为脑卒中后抑郁患者药物治疗的首选.     

生长激素治疗烧伤的随机对照试验的系统评价

目的评价生长激素治疗烧伤的有效性和安全性.方法检索中国生物医学文摘数据库、MEDLINE、EMBASE和Cochrane图书馆,收集所有相关随机对照试验,对其逐个进行质量评价,并进行Meta-分析.结果纳入9个高质量研究,共治疗732例患者.①有助于烧伤创面的愈合[WMD-11.25,95%CI(-14.84,-7.66),P＜0.000 01];②有助于供皮区创面的愈合[WMD-1.87,95%CI(-2.28,-1.47),P＜0.000 01];③有助于缩短住院时间[WMD-8.10,95%CI(-10.40,-5.79),P＜0.000 01];④使用生长激素后,患者静息能量消耗有降低的趋势但尚无统计学意义[WMD-0.04,95%CI(-0.08,0.00),P=0.06];⑤生长激素会引起血糖升高[SMD 0.98,95%CI(0.54,1.42),P＜0.000 01],和血胰岛素升高[SMD 0.86,95% CI(0.43,1.30),P=0.000 1];病死率[OR 1.15,95%CI(0.15,8.53),P=0.9]和脓毒血症的发生方面无差异[OR 1.08,95% CI(0.50,2.34),P=0.8]及呼吸机需求方面无差异[OR1.51,95%CI(0.72,3.16),P=0.3].结论目前资料表明烧伤患者在监测和控制好血糖水平的条件下运用生长激素是安全、有效的.     

Depression and other mental health diagnoses after stroke increase inpatient and outpatient medical utilization three years poststroke

OBJECTIVE: Poststroke depression (PSD) has been linked to negative outcomes, including mortality and decreased functioning. However, the effect of PSD and other mental health conditions on inpatient and outpatient healthcare utilization after stroke has not been examined. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PSD and healthcare utilization after stroke. The secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between other mental health diagnoses and medical utilization after stroke. METHOD: We examined 3 years of poststroke healthcare utilization data in a national cohort of veterans with ischemic stroke. Mental health diagnoses were identified with inpatient International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare patient characteristics and multivariate linear regression to model utilization in: 1) patients with PSD, 2) patients diagnosed with other mental health conditions poststroke, and 3) patients with no mental health diagnosis. RESULTS: Of 51,119 veterans identified, 2405 (5%) received a PSD diagnosis and 2257 (4%) received a diagnosis of another mental health condition after their stroke. Patients with PSD had significantly more inpatient hospitalization days and outpatient visits than those without any mental health diagnosis, even after adjusting for the number of mental health clinic visits. Likewise, patients diagnosed with other mental health diagnoses had greater medical utilization than patients without any mental health diagnosis. Both PSD and other mental health diagnoses independently predicted medical utilization. CONCLUSION: Mental health diagnosis after stroke increases inpatient and outpatient healthcare utilization in the first 3 years poststroke. Additional biologic and psychosocial factors should be investigated.     

Efficacy and Safety of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Poststroke Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo summarize and systematically review the efficacy and safety of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) for depression in patients with stroke.Data SourcesSix databases (Wanfang, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched from inception until November 15, 2018.Study SelectionSeventeen randomized controlled trials were included for meta-analysis.Data ExtractionTwo independent reviewers selected potentially relevant studies based on the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality of the eligible trials using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database.Data SynthesisWe calculated the combined effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD] and odds ratio [OR]) for the corresponding effects models. Physiotherapy Evidence Database scores ranged from 7 to 8 points (mean=7.35). The study results indicated that HF-rTMS had significantly positive effects on depression in patients with stroke. The effect sizes of the SMD ranged from small to large (SMD, -1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.36 to -0.66; P<.001; I², 85%; n=1053), and the effect sizes of the OR were large (response rates, 58.43% vs 33.59%; OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 2.25-4.88; P<.001; I², 0%; n=529; remission rates, 26.59% vs 12.60%; OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.69-4.38; P<.001; I², 0%; n=529). In terms of treatment side effects, the HF-rTMS group was more prone to headache than the control group (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.85-8.55; P<.001; I², 0%; n=496).ConclusionsHF-rTMS is an effective intervention for poststroke depression, although treatment safety should be further verified via large sample multicenter trials.     

The Effect of Frailty on Discharge Location for Medicare Beneficiaries After Acute Stroke

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of frailty on poststroke discharge location with respect to stroke severity and create a risk-adjusted model for understanding the effects of frailty on discharge to an inpatient rehabilitation facility.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingA 2014 5% Medicare sample.ParticipantsPatients hospitalized for a first-time acute ischemic stroke (N=7258).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresA prehospitalization 6-month baseline was used to calculate a frailty score. Logistic regression to predict odds of discharge to inpatient rehabilitation was used to calculate for 3 levels of baseline frailty, controlling for patient demographics, stroke severity, and comorbidities.ResultsAbout 1603 patients were discharged to inpatient rehabilitation. Patients who were nonfrail (odds ratio [OR] 1.716; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.463-2.013) or prefrail (OR 1.519; 95% CI, 1.296-1.779) were more likely to be discharged to inpatient rehabilitation. The final logistic regression model had a C-statistic of 0.63. Most of the patients discharged to inpatient rehabilitation were nonfrail (44.2%) and had moderate strokes (38.9%). Individuals who were frail and suffered a moderate (OR 0.78; 95% CI, 0.558-1.091) or severe stroke (OR 0.509; 95% CI, 0.358-0.721) were less likely to be discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation facility.ConclusionsA lack of a claims-based measure for prestroke functional ability makes it difficult to understand discharge decision-making patterns for individuals’ poststroke. Prestroke frailty was found to have a significant effect on predicating inpatient rehabilitation discharge after an acute stroke when controlling for stroke severity, comorbidities, and age. Further investigation is warranted to examine differences in rehabilitation utilization based on frailty and to quantify the effect of rehabilitation on frailty status in individuals poststroke.     

Effects of Telestroke on Thrombolysis Times and Outcomes: A Meta-analysis

Objective: Telestroke systems are tools, used to provide an advanced stroke care in regions without sufficient neurologic services. We performed this meta-analysis to assess the effects of telemedicine on treatment times and clinical outcomes of acute stroke care. Methods: A literature search of PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane CENTRAL was conducted for original studies investigating telemedicine applications in acute stroke care. Dichotomous data on treatment outcomes were pooled as odds ratios (ORs), while continuous data on thrombolysis times were pooled as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence interval (CI), using RevMan software (version 5.3). Results: Pooling data from 26 studies (6605 thrombolysed patients) showed no significant differences between the telestroke and control groups in terms of in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [0.98, 1.49]), 90-day mortality (OR = 1.08, 95% CI [0.85, 1.37]), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (OR = 1.10, 95% CI [0.79, 1.53]), and favorable clinical outcome at discharge (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [0.69, 1.53]) and 90 days later (OR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.82, 1.18]). The onset-to-door (OTD) duration (MD = ?10.4 minutes, 95% CI [?14.79, ?.01]) and length of hospital stay (MD = ?0.55 days, 95% CI [?1.02, ?0.07]) were significantly shorter in the telestroke group, compared to the control group. Although the overall effect estimate (under the fixed-effect model) showed a significant decrease in the onset-to-treatment (OTT) duration in the telestroke group (MD = ?5.83 minutes, 95% CI [?8.57, ?3.09]), employing the random-effects model for between-study heterogeneity abolished this significance (MD = ?5.90 minutes, 95% CI [?13.23, 1.42]). Conclusion: Telestroke significantly reduced OTD and hospital stay durations in stroke patients without increasing the risk of mortality or sICH. Therefore, telemedicine can improve stroke care in regional areas with minor experience in thrombolysis. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the benefits of telestroke systems, especially in terms of cost-effectiveness and quality of life outcomes.     

依托咪酯-芬太尼类药物在老年胃镜检查应用的Meta分析

目的 Meta分析依托咪酯和丙泊酚分别联合芬太尼类药物用于老年胃镜检查的麻醉效果及安全性。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、Pub Med、Embase、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网、维普资讯网和万方数据库等建库至2016年发表的关于依托咪酯-芬太尼类药物用于老年无痛胃镜术的随机对照试验(RCT),按照Jadad量表评价纳入研究的质量和提取资料,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果 11篇RCT(1 535例患者)纳入分析,依托咪酯组(E组)765例,丙泊酚组(P组)770例。依托咪酯组患者心率(HR)[加权均数差(WMD)=2.25,95%CI(0.93,3.56),P=0.001]和平均动脉压(MAP)[WMD=9.09,95%CI(7.60,10.57),P=0.000]的变化幅度较丙泊酚组小,发生低氧血症[OR^=0.46,95%CI(0.32,0.65),P=0.000]的风险较丙泊酚组低,差异有统计学意义;不良反应的发生方面,依托咪酯组发生呼吸暂停[OR^=0.26,95%CI(0.15,0.48),P=0.000]、注射痛[OR^=0.02,95%CI(0.01,0.05),P=0.000]的风险较丙泊酚组低,发生恶心呕吐[OR^=3.44,95%CI(2.03,5.84),P=0.000]、肌阵挛[OR^=8.14,95%CI(4.18,15.87),P=0.000]的风险较丙泊酚组高,差异有统计学意义。结论依托咪酯联合芬太尼类药物用于老年无痛胃镜术能较好地保持循环系统稳定,是一种安全有效的麻醉方案。     

Status Of Dysphagia After Ischemic Stroke: A Korean Nationwide Study

ObjectiveTo identify the incidence of dysphagia after ischemic stroke and determine factors affecting the presence of dysphagia.DesignRetrospective case-control study. This was an interim analysis of a prospective multicenter Korean stroke cohort.SettingAcute care university hospitals.ParticipantsPatients (N=6000) with first-ever acute ischemic stroke. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of dysphagia confirmed at 7 days after onset using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcomes Measurement System (ASHA-NOMS) scale, which was determined after conducting screening or standardized tests.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresAge at stroke onset, body mass index (BMI), premorbid modified Rankin Scale (mRS), brainstem lesions, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), poststroke mRS, and ASHA-NOMS swallowing level at poststroke day 7 were evaluated.ResultsAmong patients with ischemic stroke, 32.3% (n=1940) had dysphagia at 7 days after stroke onset. At discharge, 80.5% (n=1561) still had dysphagia. The prediction model for the presence of dysphagia identified age at onset, underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m²), premorbid mRS, brainstem lesions, and NIHSS as independent predictors. The odds ratio (OR) for the presence of dysphagia significantly increased with underweight (OR, 1.6684; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-2.20), increased age at onset (OR, 1.0318; 95% CI, 1.03-1.04), premorbid mRS (OR, 1.1832; 95% CI, 1.13-1.24), brainstem lesions (OR, 1.6494; 95% CI, 1.39-1.96), and NIHSS (OR, 1.2073; 95% CI, 1.19-1.23).ConclusionsThe incidence of dysphagia after ischemic stroke was 32.3%. The prediction model for the presence of dysphagia identified age, low BMI, premorbid disabilities, brainstem lesions, and NIHSS as predictive factors.     

地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂对比雷珠单抗治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的疗效及安全性的荟萃分析

目的:比较地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂(intravitreal dexamethasone implant,IDI)和雷珠单抗治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)的疗效和安全性,为临床治疗DME用药提供依据。方法:检索PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Embase、Web of Science、万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网、及重庆维普中文科技期刊全文数据库中这两种药物治疗DME的临床对照试验文献,对纳入文献进行风险评估,提取文献中相关指标,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行数据分析,应用随机或固定效应模型分析异质性,检测发表偏倚。结果:共纳入符合条件的文献5篇,合计593例患者。IDI组和雷珠单抗组黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)治疗后1个月加权均数差(weighted mean difference,WMD)=.107.13;95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):.149.44~.64.81;P<0.00001;3个月WMD=.58.10;95%CI:.88.39~.27.82;P=0.0002,IDI组患者黄斑水肿(macular edema,ME)减轻程度相比雷珠单抗组更明显,差异有统计学意义。两组患者最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)治疗后1个月[WMD=.0.08;95%CI:.0.23~0.07;P=0.28]和3个月[WMD=.0.09;95%CI:.0.09~0.01;P=0.08]比较,差异无统计学意义。IDI组有增加白内障(OR=4.23,95%CI:1.93~9.26,P=0.0003)和升高眼压(OR=8.55,95%CI:4.63~15.81,P<0.00001)的风险,但具有较少的注射次数。结论:IDI和雷珠单抗均可改善BCVA、降低CMT,二者在视力改善方面没有差异,IDI在减轻ME方面比雷珠单抗有优势,且注射次数少,但IDI增加眼压及发生白内障的风险较雷珠单抗高。     

长效与标准非麦角类多巴胺受体激动剂治疗帕金森病的Meta分析

目的运用Meta分析的方法,系统评价长效非麦角类多巴胺受体激动剂（NEDA）与标准NEDA在帕金森病（PD）中的有效性、耐受性和安全性。 方法制定检索策略后,检索PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane图书馆和Web of Knowledge等数据库,同时进行参考文献的追溯和手工检索（截至2019年8月15日）。按照纳入标准和排除标准进行文献筛选,然后进行文献质量评价和数据提取。采用权重均数差（WMD）、相对危险度（RR）以及95%CI作为统计量,运用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.3软件和Stata 12.0对数据进行分析。 结果（1）共纳入11个随机对照研究,共3280例患者。（2）Meta分析结果如下。有效性方面：长效NEDA与标准NEDA间在减少UPDRS Ⅱ部分评分（WMD=-0.15,95%CI：-0.63~0.33）,Ⅲ部分评分（WMD=0.04,95%CI：-0.24~0.33）和UPDRS Ⅱ＋Ⅲ部分总和评分（WMD=0.12,95%CI：-1.25~1.49）上差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。耐受性方面：两种制剂在总的退出人数（RR=1.11,95%CI：0.95~1.31）、因为不良事件退出的人数（RR=1.14,95%CI：0.90~1.45）上,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。安全性方面：两种制剂在总的不良事件的发生风险（RR=1.02,95%CI：0.97~1.07）和严重不良事件（RR=0.96,95%CI：0.73~1.26）的发生风险上,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论对PD患者,长效NEDA与标准NEDA在有效性、耐受性和安全性上相似。     

完全腹腔镜与腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术疗效的Meta分析

目的：比较完全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术（TLDG）与腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术（LADG）的有效性及安全性,探讨完全腹腔镜技术在远端胃癌根治术中的应用价值。方法检索 PubMed 公开发表的完全腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术比较的研究文献。通过采用RevMan 5.0统计软件,合并及比较两者手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目、术中出血、术后首次排气时间、术后并发症及住院时间等指标,选择计算优势比（OR,95%的可信区间）和加权均数差（WMD,95%的可信区间）作为效应尺度来评估两种术式的安全性和有效性。结果6项研究文献被纳入本次Meta分析,其中实施完全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术656例,腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术988例,共1644例患者。本项Meta分析结果显示,与腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术相比,实施完全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术的患者术中出血少、术后首次排气时间早、住院时间短（合并WMD分别为-17.79,95%CI -32.57～-3.02,P＝0.02;-0.14,95%CI -0.23～-0.06,P＝0.001;-0.32,95%CI -0.53～-0.12,P＝0.002）,而在手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症的发生率方面,两种术式差异无统计学意义（合并WMD为11.19,95%CI -4.54～26.92,P＝0.16;3.55,95%CI -0.18～7.28,P＝0.06;合并OR为1.27,95%CI 0.86～1.88,P＝0.22）。结论 TLDG是安全可行的,与传统LADG具有相似的手术疗效。然而,在术中出血、术后胃肠道功能恢复方面,TLDG 更具优势,但仍然需要开展大样本的临床对照试验来进一步验证这一结论。     

脑卒中患者血浆和脑脊液5-羟色胺与脑卒中后抑郁症的临床研究

目的了解血浆和脑脊液5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量的降低与脑卒中后抑郁症（PSD）的关系。方法检测30例PSD及30例对照组的血浆和脑脊液5-羟色胺含量,并进行对比分析。结果PSD患者血浆和脑脊液5-羟色胺含量明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。但在不同的时间脑脊液和血液的5-羟色胺的水平无明显波动（P〉0．05）。结论血浆和脑脊液5-羟色胺含量的降低在PSD发病机制中起着重要作用。