Frequency of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in health care workers

BackgroundIn recent decades, metabolic syndrome is one of the most important public health risk factors. Having this in mind, the present study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors in healthcare workers.MethodThis study is a cross-sectional study conducted on 410 healthcare workers in a teaching hospital in Iran. Demographic, occupational, and psychosocial characteristics were assessed using questionnaire. Assessment of metabolic syndrome of hospital staff was performed at workplace during their medical examination.ResultsThe frequency of metabolic syndrome was found to be 22.4%. This relationship was found among blood pressure and occupational stress, despite the fact that there was no significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and occupational stress. Higher age, having shift work, and inactivity were associated with metabolic syndrome.ConclusionConsidering the high frequency of metabolic syndrome among Iranian healthcare workers, it is advised that effective management should be employed to correct the occupational and psychosocial factors associated with this syndrome.     

代谢综合征增加动脉硬化患病风险

目的:探讨代谢综合征各组分个数的递增会否增加动脉硬化的患病风险。方法:在上海市嘉定区40岁及以上居民中进行问卷调查、体格检查、血生化及肱-踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)检测,对其中数据完整的2 097人进行统计分析。baPWV值>1 753 cm/s定义为动脉硬化;代谢综合征按美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第3次报告(NCEP-ATPⅢ)标准诊断。采用多元线性回归和Logistic回归法分析代谢综合征及其组分与动脉硬化的相关性。结果:本研究人群中男、女性动脉硬化的患病率分别为23.64%和25.61%(P=0.195 2);代谢综合征患病率男性明显低于女性(31.28%比35.71%,P=0.034 5);将人群按代谢综合征组分个数的多少进行分组比较,发现随着代谢组分个数的递增,其动脉硬化患病率逐步增加,分别为2.69%、20.19%、29.81%、28.74%和37.16%,组间有显著差异(趋势P     

Metabolic syndrome is associated with erosive esophagitis

AIM： To clarify whether insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome are risk factors for erosive esophagitis.
METHODS： A case-control study was performed using the database of the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Medical Screening Center.
RESULTS： A total of 1679 cases of erosive esophagitis and 3358 randomly selected controls were included. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 21% of the cases and 12% of the controls （P 〈 0.001）. Multiple logistic regressions confirmed the association between erosive esophagitis and metabolic syndrome （Odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.49）. Among the components of metabolic syndrome, increased waist circumference, elevated serum triglyceride levels and hypertension were significant risk factors for erosive esophagitis （all P 〈 0.01）. Furthermore, increased insulin resistance （Odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98） and fatty liver, as diagnosed by ultrasonography （odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.20-1.60）, were also related to erosive esophagitis even afl：er adjustment for a series of confounding factors.
CONCLUSION： Metabolic syndrome and increased insulin resistance are associated with an increased risk of developing erosive esophagitis.     

Multidimensional health‐transition patterns among a middle‐aged and older population

Aim: Previous studies on health transition have focused on single‐dimension outcomes and minimally evaluated heterogeneity. This study aimed to explore heterogeneous and multidimensional health‐transition patterns on comorbidity, frailty and disability while examining the factors predicting different patterns of health transition. Methods: This study drew on data from a nationwide and longitudinally‐followed sample of 5131 Taiwanese aged 50 years and older who were interviewed in 1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007. Latent class analysis (LCA) and multinomial logistic regression were applied to identify health‐transition patterns and their predictors. Results: We identified six health‐transition classes by applying LCA, including “persistently healthy”, “well‐managed comorbidity”, “originally comorbid and gradually deteriorating to disability”, “deteriorating gradually and died in late stage of the follow‐up period”, “deteriorating and died in middle stage of the follow‐up period”, and “originally comorbid and died in early stage of the follow‐up period”. Using the “well‐managed comorbidity” class as the reference group, men had higher probabilities of being in the categories of dying in the follow‐up period, but a lower risk of deteriorating to disability. Younger baseline age, higher education, having social engagement and non‐smoking were predictors of “persistently healthy” and were associated with a lower risk of deteriorating to disability and death. Having a spouse and health examinations were associated with a lower risk of death, and also a lower probability of “persistently healthy”. Conclusions: Heterogeneous and multidimensional health‐transition patterns exist in middle‐aged and older populations. Several factors might have an effect on health‐transition patterns. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 571–579.     

Metabolic syndrome in primary care: A latent variable analysis of electronic medical records

BackgroundThe best definition of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) remains controversial. The aim was to develop a latent variable measurement model for the MetSyn using primary care data.MethodsThis retrospective case-control study was based on the data from the IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database including a representative panel of general and internal medicine practices in Germany. 23,020 adult patients, who were newly diagnosed with ≥1 component of the MetSyn (cases; median age [IQR]: 60 [50–72] years; 54 % males) between January 2016 to December 2019, and 2,144 patients without any MetSyn component (controls; 48 [38–61] years; 45 % males) were included. MetSyn was modeled by ICD-10 codes (E66: obesity, I10: hypertension, E11: type 2 diabetes, E78: lipid disorders) and physiological measures (BMI, HbA1c, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides).ResultsThe covariance structure of the ICD codes and physiological measures could not be accounted for by a single MetSyn factor (root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA=0.085). Enrichment by another factor “Likelihood to Diagnose” significantly increased model fit with the observed data (RMSEA=0.054). “Likelihood to Diagnose” hardly correlated with MetSyn (r = 0.06), and was differentially associated with male sex, older age, and corresponding cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. MetSyn showed the highest loading on four subordinate factors “hyperlipidemia” (0.70), “obesity” (0.66), “type 2 diabetes” (0.60), followed by “hypertension” (0.42). The ICD codes E66 and E78 were less indicative of these factors relative to BMI and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol, respectively, whereas E11 and I10 were similarly indicative as their corresponding physiological measures.ConclusionsMetSyn was best indicated by BMI, triglycerides (an indirect marker of insulin sensitivity), HbA1c, and ICD-10 diagnosis E11 (type 2 diabetes). The factor “Likelihood to diagnose” probably constitutes a method factor of differential diagnosis systematically contributing to the common consistency of the MetSyn diagnosis in primary care.     

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARG gene is not associated with the metabolic syndrome in an urban population of middle‐aged Swedish individuals

Background To determine if the common Pro12Ala polymorphism (rs1801282) of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPARG) gene is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) or with its individual components in middle‐aged Swedish individuals. Methods MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Panel III (NCEP/ATP III), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR) criteria in a population‐based sample of nearly 5000 subjects participating in the Malmö Diet and Cancer‐cardiovascular arm. Results Of the subjects included in the analysis, 21.8, 29.4 and 20.4% had MetS according to the NCEP/ATP III, IDF and EGIR (only in subjects without diabetes) definitions, respectively. The Pro12Ala was not associated with MetS or with its individual components. These results were similar when patients with diabetes were excluded. Hypertensive and obese ala‐carriers had lower fasting glucose and hypertensive ala‐carriers also had lower level triglycerides (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our data do not support a major role for the Pro12Ala variant of the PPARG gene in MetS and its individual components. The modest difference in triglyceride and glucose levels, restricted to hypertensive and obese subjects in our cohort, suggests that the polymorphism has a minor effect on glucose and lipid metabolism, particularly in individuals at risk for gluco‐metabolic disturbances.     

High‐normal urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio is independently associated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional community‐based study

Aims/Introduction

Microalbuminuria is positively related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our aim was to investigate whether urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) within the normal range is independently associated with MetS in Chinese community-based patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

A total of 514 participants (206 males and 308 females; mean age 66 years) with UACR less than 3.5 mg/mmol were enrolled from two downtown areas of Shanghai. The participants were stratified into quartiles according to UACR levels. The prevalence of MetS was assessed and compared among the four groups by binary logistic regression.

Results

Compared with participants with UACRs in the first quartile, the other quartiles had a higher prevalence of MetS (65.9%, 74.4% and 81.3%, respectively, P = 0.001) after adjustment for sex and age. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the second to the fourth quartile group had a 1.36-, 1.84- and 2.73-fold risk of MetS, respectively, relative to those in the lowest quartile. Furthermore, UACR, whether as quartile groups or as a continuous variable, is an independent predictor of MetS after fully adjusting for other variables.

Conclusions

These results suggest that UACR even within the normal range is independently associated with MetS in Chinese community-based patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

Metabolic syndrome is not associated with erectile dysfunction in apparently healthy men

AimsTo investigate whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) among apparently healthy men when depressive symptoms and serum testosterone levels are taken into account.MethodsA study population of 549 men at risk for cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes was drawn from the participants of a population survey, the Harmonica Project. MetS was diagnosed with the United States National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII) 2005 definition, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2005 definition and the Harmonization 2009 definition. ED was evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed with Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI).ResultsOf the 549 men (mean age 58.4 ± 6.7 years), 56.5 % reported ED. The prevalence of MetS was 48.6%, 35.5%, and 50.6% according to the IDF, the ATPIII, and the Harmonization criteria, respectively. We found no difference in the prevalence of ED between men with or without MetS. In a multivariate analysis, age, presence of depressive symptoms and lower education were significant predictors of ED.ConclusionsThe prevalence of ED is quite high even in apparently healthy men. Depressive symptoms are a critical component to consider in men suffering from ED.