对川崎病患儿静脉注射丙种球蛋白耐药临床预测模型建立的质疑

目的 对川崎病(KD)患儿IVIG耐药预测模型提出质疑。方法 回顾性收集经复旦大学附属儿科医院(我院)首次诊断和治疗的KD病例,全样本人群按7∶3比例随机分为建模组和验证组,通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析建立IVIG耐药预测模型并行验证,将KD患儿按性别、年龄、发热天数和KD类型等分层,在不同的分层中单独建模和验证;基于全样本人群验证已发表的11个IVIG耐药预测模型,考察通过临床症状、体征和实验室指标是否能满足临床预测KD患儿IVIG耐药。结果 符合本文纳入和排除标准的1 360例KD患儿进入本文分析。男875例(64.3%);年龄中位数1.8(0.9,3.2)岁;IVIG耐药组和敏感组分别为171和1 189例;建模组和验证组分别为952和408例。建模组和验证组人口学特征、主要临床表现、实验室指标、IVIG耐药率和冠脉病变率差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05);建模组中建立的IVIG耐药模型中,男性、发病年龄≥2岁、N%≥0.75、Hb≥110 g·L^-1各计1分,应用首剂IVIG发热≥5 d、ALB≥34 g·L^-1、Na⁺≥133 mmol·L^-1各计2分,AUC为0.818(95% CI:0.774~0.861),总分≥5时,敏感度和特异度分别为0.767和0.726。验证组中AUC为0.777(95% CI:0.712~0.842),敏感度和特异度分别为0.627和0.776。对11个IVIG耐药预测模型验证,以相应预测界值计算敏感度0.272~0.799,特异度0.412~0.926。结论 基于KD患儿人口学特征、临床症状、体征和实验室指标行KD患儿IVIG耐药预测特异度和敏感度均＜75%,对临床预测KD患儿IVIG耐药作用有限。     

对川崎病患儿静脉注射丙种球蛋白耐药临床预测模型建立的质疑

目的 对川崎病(KD)患儿IVIG耐药预测模型提出质疑。方法 回顾性收集经复旦大学附属儿科医院(我院)首次诊断和治疗的KD病例,全样本人群按7∶3比例随机分为建模组和验证组,通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析建立IVIG耐药预测模型并行验证,将KD患儿按性别、年龄、发热天数和KD类型等分层,在不同的分层中单独建模和验证;基于全样本人群验证已发表的11个IVIG耐药预测模型,考察通过临床症状、体征和实验室指标是否能满足临床预测KD患儿IVIG耐药。结果 符合本文纳入和排除标准的1 360例KD患儿进入本文分析。男875例(64.3%);年龄中位数1.8(0.9,3.2)岁;IVIG耐药组和敏感组分别为171和1 189例;建模组和验证组分别为952和408例。建模组和验证组人口学特征、主要临床表现、实验室指标、IVIG耐药率和冠脉病变率差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05);建模组中建立的IVIG耐药模型中,男性、发病年龄≥2岁、N%≥0.75、Hb≥110 g·L^-1各计1分,应用首剂IVIG发热≥5 d、ALB≥34 g·L^-1、Na⁺≥133 mmol·L^-1各计2分,AUC为0.818(95% CI:0.774~0.861),总分≥5时,敏感度和特异度分别为0.767和0.726。验证组中AUC为0.777(95% CI:0.712~0.842),敏感度和特异度分别为0.627和0.776。对11个IVIG耐药预测模型验证,以相应预测界值计算敏感度0.272~0.799,特异度0.412~0.926。结论 基于KD患儿人口学特征、临床症状、体征和实验室指标行KD患儿IVIG耐药预测特异度和敏感度均＜75%,对临床预测KD患儿IVIG耐药作用有限。     

The relationship of eosinophilia to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment failure in Kawasaki disease

To investigate the role of eosinophils in Kawasaki disease (KD) and the relationship to initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment failure. A retrospective analysis of all children who were admitted and met the criteria of KD between 1999 and 2005. The patients were divided into IVIG-responsive and IVIG-resistant groups. A total of 185 patients were enrolled during the study period. A series of blood eosinophils and biochemistry studies were correlated to the effectiveness of IVIG. The neutrophils percentage before IVIG treatment (pre-IVIG), leukocyte counts within 3 days after IVIG treatment (post-IVIG), liver enzyme, albumin levels, and post-IVIG eosinophils percentage were all significantly different between the two groups in univariate analysis. Under multivariate analysis with logistic regression, post-IVIG eosinophilia [peripheral blood (PB) eosinophils >or=4%] had an inverse correlation to KD patients with IVIG-resistance (p = 0.003). Also, pre-IVIG hypoalbuminemia (albumin 相似文献   

静脉注射丙种球蛋白无反应型川崎病遗传学进展

川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)是儿童获得性心脏病的首要病因.目前大剂量静脉注射丙种球蛋白(intravenous immunoglobulin,ⅥG)是川崎病的经典疗法.然而,约10％～20％的KD患者IVIG治疗无反应,且其冠状动脉损害的发生率也随之增加.业已证明,IVIG治疗无反应与基因有一定相关性.免疫球蛋白Fc受体相关基因、1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇3激酶C基因是其中研究深入且与IVIG无反应有明确相关性的基因.该文就IVIG无反应型KD的遗传学进展作一综述.     

静脉人免疫球蛋白无反应型川崎病患儿的循证治疗

目的：针对近期收治的1例IVIG无反应型川崎病的患儿,我们进行了证据检索和评价,以期找到更有效的治疗方法。方法：通过计算机检索UpToDate(2012.10)、Cochrane图书馆（Issue 10,2012）、PubMed（1978~2012.10）、CNKI（1978~2012.10）等数据库,查找免疫球蛋白或糖皮质激素治疗IVIG无反应型川崎病及病情缓解有关的系统评价、临床随机对照试验等,并对所获证据进行GRADE评价。结果：高质量的临床证据表明,小剂量激素联合IVIG治疗IVIG无反应型川崎病,其在退热效果及减少冠状动脉扩张方面,均优于单纯IVIG治疗。根据此临床证据,结合医生经验及家属意愿对该患儿实施甲强龙（2mg/kg,ivd）联合第三剂IVIG（1g/kg）治疗,激素逐渐减量维持,并继续采用阿司匹林、双嘧达莫等治疗。经治疗后,患儿体温及各实验室指标逐渐恢复正常,心脏彩超随访半年未见有冠状动脉进一步损伤。结论：小剂量激素联合IVIG治疗IVIG无反应型川崎病可有效退热及减少冠脉扩张,长期效果需待进一步观察。     

不同剂量静脉丙种球蛋白或加甲泼尼龙治疗无反应川崎病患儿疗效观察

目的:探讨不同剂量静脉丙种球蛋白（IVIG）或加甲泼尼龙治疗无反应川崎病（KD）患儿疗效观察。方法:回顾性收集2002至2010年首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院IVIG无反应KD住院患儿的临床资料,根据归纳的6种IVIG或加甲泼尼龙的给药方法分为IVIG 2 g组、IVIG 1次1 g组和IVIG 2次1 g组（1次1 g组不敏感病例再次IVIG 1次1 g组方案）。以接受不同剂量IVIG或加甲泼尼龙（2 mg·kg-1×3 d）治疗后48 h患儿体温降至38℃以下定义为敏感,以接受不同剂量IVIG或加甲泼尼龙治疗2周后超声心动图判断冠状动脉是否损伤。结果:9年间在KD急性期接受规范首剂IVIG 2 g·kg-1治疗无反应KD的发生率为18.3%（230/1 257）。IVIG 2 g组40例,36例敏感（90.0%）,4例加用甲泼尼龙敏感;IVIG 1次1 g组190例,123例敏感（64.7%）,7例加用甲泼尼龙敏感;IVIG 2次1 g组60例,25例敏感,35例加用甲泼尼龙敏感。不加甲泼尼龙时,IVIG 2 g组与IVIG 1次1 g组敏感率差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;IVIG 2 g组与IVIG 1次1 g组、IVIG 2次1 g组敏感率之和差异无统计学意义（P=0.082）。不加甲泼尼龙时,3组中IVIG敏感184例,发生冠状动脉损伤44.0%;IVIG不敏感46例,加甲泼尼龙治疗后均敏感,发生冠状动脉损伤32.6%;加或不加甲泼尼龙治疗的KD患儿发生冠状动脉损伤差异无统计学意义（P=0.183）。3组发生冠状动脉损伤差异无统计学意义（P=0.623）。加或不加甲泼尼龙治疗时,IVIG 1 g·kg-1给药冠状动脉损伤的结局不比IVIG 2 g·kg-1给药差,在药费上减少了一半,如仍不敏感还可选择甲泼尼龙或再次IVIG 1 g·kg-1给药。结论:IVIG无反应的KD患儿中,IVIG 2 g·kg-1比IVIG 1 g·kg-1治疗效果好,因经济条件等所限不能行IVIG 2 g·kg-1再治疗者,可选择先行IVIG 1 g·kg-1治疗,仍不敏感时可选择甲泼尼龙,也可选择再次IVIG 1 g·kg-1治疗。     

川崎病丙种球蛋白无反应型易感基因研究

目的应用靶向测序技术探索川崎病(KD)丙种球蛋白无反应易感基因,筛选KD高危人群。方法选择2016年12月至2018年10月收治的190例KD患儿,其中静脉注射丙种球蛋白(IVIG)无反应33例、敏感151例,以及99例健康儿童。采集外周静脉血全基因组DNA,采用靶向捕获测序技术,分析比较基因差异位点。结果 KD患儿和健康儿童之间FCGR3A(rs77144485)、IL15RA(rs2228059)、IL-6(rs13306435)基因型的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。IVIG无反应和敏感KD患儿之间,在位于IL-2RB、IL-24、BMPR1A、GZMB、KDR、KIR2DS4、CARD11、CHUK等基因区域的10个单核苷酸多态性位点的基因型频率差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论靶向捕获测序技术初步筛选出IL-2RB、IL-24、BMPR 1 A、GZMB、KDR、KIR 2 DS 4、CARD 11、CHUK等KD丙种球蛋白无反应型易感基因。     

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目的分析儿童静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)不敏感川崎病的临床特点。方法对2005-01—2005-12在重庆医科大学儿童医院住院的233例川崎病的患儿进行病例回顾性分析。结果IVIG不敏感川崎病共31例(占13.3%)。IVIG不敏感川崎病中男女性别比为4.17∶1,明显高于IVIG敏感川崎病1.43∶1(P<0.05)。两组川崎病年龄构成差异无显著性(P>0.05)。IVIG不敏感川崎病中有中度以上冠状动脉扩张或冠状动脉瘤者6例(6/31,19.4%),明显高于IVIG敏感川崎病(5/202,2.4%)(P<0.05)。川崎病患儿发生IVIG耐药的可能危险因素有外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞比例、血红蛋白、C反应蛋白、血沉、血浆白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶等,分析结果提示血浆白蛋白降低及男性可能与IVIG不敏感川崎病有关,但仅此两项指标尚不能预测IVIG不敏感川崎病的发生。IVIG不敏感川崎病冠脉病变发生危险因素无阳性发现。IVIG不敏感川崎病患儿中14例通过复用IVIG后临床症状得以缓解,仅8例在复用IVIG后症状仍不能控制而加用激素治疗。结论IVIG不敏感川崎病并不少见且较IVIG敏感川崎病更易发生较严重冠状动脉病变,川崎病患儿发生IVIG耐药及IVIG不敏感川崎病冠脉病变发生的危险因素不肯定。复用IVIG及必要时在抗凝基础上加用激素对IVIG不敏感川崎病治疗有较好疗效。     

川崎病丙种球蛋白耐药及冠状动脉损伤早期预测指标的研究进展

川崎病是急性全身性血管炎综合征,主要影响冠状动脉.该病的长期预后取决于冠状动脉病变程度.早期应用大剂量静脉丙种球蛋白可以减少冠状动脉病变,丙种球蛋白耐药者冠状动脉病变风险大,早期预测丙种球蛋白耐药及冠脉损伤、及时采取措施对改善预后意义重大.该文对川崎病丙种球蛋白耐药及冠状动脉损伤的预测指标作一介绍.     

A practical approach to refractory Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a medium vessel vasculitis and is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in childhood. If left untreated, KD leads to coronary artery aneurysms in 15–25% of patients and the mortality rate in the UK is currently 0.4%. As such, KD is an important preventable cause of heart disease in the young. The aetiology of KD remains unknown, but most likely it represents an aberrant inflammatory host response to one or more as yet unidentified immunological trigger(s) in genetically predisposed individuals. The purpose of this article is not to provide an exhaustive review of KD. Rather we provide practical guidance to the clinical approach to refractory KD. Only brief background on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of KD, and emerging newer clinical trials is provided, to place our clinical approach in context.     

静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗川崎病的机制

目的观察静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIG）对川崎病（KD）患儿外用血淋巴细胞凋亡的影响，进一步探讨IVIG的治疗机制。方法观察26例KD患儿IVIG治疗前后外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）经anti-CD3单抗刺激培养不同时间后计数凋亡细胞百分率和DNA梯度分析及临床症状改善。结果KD患儿PBMC体外培养凋亡细胞百分率较正常对照低，DNA梯度出现延迟；IVIG治疗后，PBMC凋亡细胞百分率提高（P＜0．001），DNA梯度出现时间提前，与单用阿司匹林组比较，有显著差异（P＜0．005），临床症状明显改善。结论IVIG治疗KD的机制可能部分归于逆转被抑制的淋巴细胞凋亡。     

Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis affecting medium and small sized arteries. 13 The diagnosis is based entirely on recognition of a typical sequence of clinical features. Detection of any one clinical feature does not have any diagnostic significance. We report an uncommon case of Kawasaki disease in 10 months old male child with the analysis of its natural history, etiopathology, treatment and prognosis of the disease.     

静脉注射丙种球蛋白无反应型川崎病治疗进展

川崎病(KD)是一种病因未明、以全身血管炎性病变为主要病理改变的儿童急性发热性疾病。KD常累及冠状动脉,若未及时治疗,患儿可发生冠脉损伤(CAL)。目前急性期KD标准治疗方案为静脉用丙种球蛋白(IVIG)联合口服阿司匹林,但仍有10%~20%的患儿对IVIG无反应,并且这部分患儿发生CAL的风险增高。文献报道有多种IVIG无反应型KD的治疗方法,如二次IVIG治疗、糖皮质激素、英夫利昔单抗、免疫抑制剂和血浆置换等,然而具体治疗方案仍无定论。文章综述IVIG无反应型KD的治疗。     

Clinical responses of patients with Kawasaki disease to different brands of intravenous immunoglobulin

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether different brands of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administered to children with Kawasaki disease (KD) result in different outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed children with KD and divided them into 4 groups according to the brand of IVIG. A coronary artery abnormality (CAA) was defined as having a lumen diameter (inner border to inner border) of > or =3 mm in KD cases <5 years old and > or =4 mm in cases > or =5 years old, and giant aneurysm was defined as a lumen diameter > or =8 mm. Patients were considered nonresponsive to IVIG therapy if fever persisted longer than 2 days after completion of treatment and needed retreatment with IVIG. RESULTS: We collected 437 cases, 29 (6.6%) were nonresponsive, 17 (3.9%) had CAA at convalescence, and 3 (0.7%) had giant aneurysm, 2 of whom had development of myocardial infarcts. Patients receiving Brand C IVIG, prepared with beta-propiolactone, had higher rates (10%, 9/93, P = .01) of CAA at convalescence and nonresponsiveness (13%, 12/93, P = .001); giant aneurysm occurred in 3/93 (3%) receiving Brand C IVIG and in 0/344 who received the other 3 brands (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: IVIG, prepared with beta-propiolactone, was most significantly associated with nonresponsiveness, CAA at convalescence, and giant aneurysm. Physicians should be cautious when using IVIG prepared with beta-propiolactone or enzyme digestion to treat KD.