异性性传播感染HIV人群性行为特征分析

目的 了解湖北省近年来经异性性传播艾滋病人群分布特征和行为特征.方法 调查分析湖北省2010年7月1日至2011年6月30日期间报告的经异性性传播HIV病例的社会人口学特征、高危行为暴露史、异性性行为方式.结果 调查符合纳入标准并知情同意的HIV/AIDS共412例,其中经固定性伴传播占23.55％,经临时性伴传播占28.88％,经商业性伴传播占47.57％.固定性伴、临时性伴、商业性伴不使用安全套比例分别为62.89％、36.14％、2.55％,经比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);固定性伴不使用安全套主要原因是认为没有必要(81.45％),临时性伴不使用安全套原因主要是身边没有安全套(36.13％),商业性伴不使用安全套原因主要是本人不愿使用安全套(65.82％),比较3者不使用安全套原因,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 经商业性伴传播是湖北省HIV异性性传播的主要方式;根据固定性伴、临时性伴、商业性伴社会人口学特点,加强安全套使用干预是今后湖北省HIV异性性传播的人群防治工作重点.     

东莞市农民工艾滋病知识、态度、行为调查

目的：了解东莞市农民工艾滋病知识、态度和行为，为制定针对这一人群的艾滋病防制措施提供依据。方法：采取整群抽样和方便抽样的方法，对东莞市厚街镇和常平镇两闯工厂的615名农民工进行调查，内容包括社会人口学、对艾滋病防治知识的掌握情况、对HIV／AIDS及非婚性行为的态度及个人行为。结果：东莞市的农民工多为来自农村、15～39岁的未婚人群；对艾滋病防治知识的知晓率为44．39％，已婚及文化程度高的农民工艾滋病防治知识的知晓率显著高于未婚和文化程度低者；农民工的艾滋病防治知识主要来源渠道为电视和报刊；对婚前性行为、婚外情、一夜情、卖淫和嫖娼行为的赞同率分别为11．71％、2．28％、2．76％、0．49％和0．81％，且男性和文化程度高者对上述5种非婚性行为的赞同率均显著高于女性和文化程度低者；22．16％的未婚农民工有过性行为、6．02％的农民工有临时性行为，2．93％的农民工曾经有一夜情；农民工在近6个月与固定性伴和临时性伴发生性关系时每次都使用安全套的比例分别为儿．47％和21．62％；农民工中性病的患病率为1．79％，患病后90％以上的人均能去正规医疗机构就诊。结论：东莞市农民工艾滋病防治知识知晓率偏低、对非婚性行为普遍不赞同，但该人群中依然存在非婚性行为、安全套使用率低等感染HIV的高危行为。建议通过电视和报刊等农民工喜闻乐见的媒体加大宣传教育力度，同时开展推广使用安全套等干预措施，遏制艾滋病在这一人群传播。     

大学生性病艾滋病关联性行为研究

目的了解大学生的性行为状况，为学校和有关部门制订性教育、性病艾滋病健康教育和行为干预措施提供参考依据。方法选择浙江省2所综合性大学在校全日制1～4年级学生参加自答式问卷调查。结果2所大学学生有78．0％参加本调查，13．1％的大学生有过性行为，发生性行为的平均年龄19．51岁；首次性行为使用安全套占29．2％；发生性行为的地点主要为旅馆饭店，其次为家里；平均性伴侣1．54个，10．4％学生自己或者性伴侣有过流产的经历；有一定比例的学生分别有买卖性关系，同性或双性性行为；1．4％曾被诊断患过性病，曾经使用过安全套学生回答使用的主要原因是防止怀孕，最后一次性行为有47．8％使用安全套。68．6％～71．1％有性行为的学生认为自己或性伴侣怀孕、自己通过性行为感染性病艾滋病“不可能、可能性非常低或可能性较低”。结论大学生预防性传播感染和HIV／AIDS意识低下，自我保护意识差，安全套使用率低，使用安全套主要是为了防止怀孕而不是预防疾病；多性伴现象严重。同性性行为和卖淫嫖娼客观存在，大学生存在流产、性传播疾病和HIV感染的危险性．针对大学生进行性病艾滋病健康教育和行为干预迫在眉睫。     

应用同伴推动抽样法对深圳地区男男性接触者AIDS相关知识和危险行为调查

目的用同伴推动抽样（RDS）方法了解深圳地区男男性接触者（MSM）的AIDS相关知识和危险行为。方法2007年10—12月在深圳地区应用RDS方法招募MSM为研究对象，利用结构式问卷调查分析其HIV／AIDS知识、HIV风险感知、吸毒及性行为等。结果共招募351例MSM，平均年龄（27±6）岁，汉族占92．3％，未婚占78．1％，大专及以上文化程度占16．5％，非娱乐场所从业人员占61．5％。最近6个月，92．9％MSM和男性有肛交性行为，86．9％有口交性行为；68．5％有多个肛交性伴，每次使用安全套比例仅为57．0％；74．1％有多个口交性伴，每次使用安全套比例仅为13．1％；9．7％曾与男男性工作者发生性行为，其中24．2％不是每次使用安全套；28．5％MSM曾和女性（包括女性性工作者）发生性接触，其中仅36．8％每次使用安全套。13．7％MSM曾吸食过毒品。82．3％MSM艾滋病知识得分在7分以上（应得分为11分），但仅6．0％认为很可能感染HIV。结论深圳地区被调查的MSM的艾滋病风险感知认识程度低，且危险行为发生率较高。应加强MSM人群健康教育和行为干预，促进行为改变，降低艾滋病性病传播危险。     

南宁市社区注射吸毒者HIV感染及性行为分析

目的了解注射吸毒人群艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染状况及性行为特征,为在注射吸毒人群中开展包括性行为干预在内的综合干预措施提供依据。方法采用“滚雪球”式方法在南宁市社区中寻找吸毒者,面对面无关联匿名问卷调查和血标本的采集。结果共调查200名吸毒者,HIV阳性57人,阳性率28．5％;性伴对象包括配偶、临时性伴（非商业性伴）、商业性伴及同性等,最近1次性行为安全套使用率仅38．5％;HIV阳性感染者的安全套使用率更低,仅33．3％。结论静脉注射吸毒人群HIV感染率高,性伴种类多,安全套使用率低。     

浙江省金华市男男性行为者队列基线调查HIV感染及影响因素分析

目的:了解浙江省金华市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)艾滋病高危行为特征、感染情况及其影响因素.方法:采用分类滚雪球抽样的方法,在金华市范围内招募MSM进行问卷调查,了解其社会人口学及艾滋病高危行为特征,并采集血样进行人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体、梅毒抗体的检测.结果:共调查238名MSM,艾滋病知晓率为83.2％,79.8％最近3个月发生过同性性行为,其中30.5％有2个以上性伴;10.1％最近3个月与同性发生过商业性行为,16.8％与异性发生过性行为;最近3个月与同性固定性伴发生性行为时坚持使用安全套的比例为47.9％,同性固定性伴坚持使用安全套的比例是42.6％,与同性发生商业性行为时坚持使用安全套的比例是54.2％,与异性发生性行为时坚持使用安全套的比例为17.5％.238名调查者均采集血样进行了血清学检测,确证HIV阳性人数15人,阳性率为6.3％(95％CI 3.4％～10.3％);确证梅毒抗体阳性人数18人,阳性率7.6％(95％CI4.6％～12.2％).多因素分析结果提示,最近3个月同性性伴数≥2人、与临时性伴发生性行为、既往有性病史、未做过HIV检测是HIV感染的危险因素;在本地居住半年以上、与临时性伴发生性行为时每次都使用安全套是MSM人群感染HIV的保护因素.结论:金华市MSM中艾滋病知晓率不高,无保护性性行为较为普遍,HIV感染影响因素较多,应在该人群中加强包括安全套推广、定期检测促进在内的艾滋病干预措施,控制艾滋病的流行.     

广州和成都市男男性行为兼异性性行为者的HIV感染状况及性行为特征

目的 了解中国男男性行为兼异性性行为者(MSMW)的HIV感染状况及其与男性和女性的性行为特征.方法 采用“滚雪球”方法在广州和成都市各招募300名MSMW为研究对象,进行问卷调查(社会人口学特征、最近6个月男性性伴种类和特征、男男性行为及安全套使用状况、最近12个月异性性伴种类和特征、异性性行为及安全套使用状况)和HIV抗体检测.结果 共600名MSMW接受问卷调查和HIV检测,HIV感染率和检出率分别为26.2％和8.5％;最近6个月有28.0％的调查对象拥有≥5名男性性伴,肛交行为时每次使用安全套者占44.2％,最近3次和最近1次男男肛交性行为使用安全套者分别为52.3％和63.0％;最近12个月有86.0％的调查对象与女性发生性行为,其中配偶、婚前女友、婚外情人、女性偶然性伴和女性商业性伴的比例分别为65.0％、27.2％、1.5％、12.7％和4.5％,约1/3的调查对象异性性行为时坚持每次使用安全套,36.5％在最近3次异性性行为时均不使用安全套.最近6、12个月成都市MSMW男男性行为时每次使用安全套分别为55.7％和38.3％,均高于广州市(32.7％和25.3％).HIV阳性者中,与男性发生肛交性行为者为91.1％,最近6个月与男性发生肛交行为时每次使用安全套者为49.7％,最近3次和最近1次男男肛交性行为使用安全套者分别为60.5％和69.4％;最近12个月有82.8％阳性调查者与异性发生过性行为,42.0％每次性行为坚持使用安全套,最近3次性行为使用安全套者占47.8％.最近6、12个月,既往检测HIV阳性MSMW从不使用安全套同性和异性性行为的比例(分别为4.3％和12.9％)均低于本次检测HIV阳性MSMW(22.0％和46.3％).结论 MSMW人群的HIV感染率已经处于较高水平,并存在较高比例的无保护男性肛交性行为和女性阴道性交行为,该人群在HIV跨性别传播中的桥梁作用可能加快HIV在普通人群中的蔓延.     

2010—2013 年淮安市 MSM 人群艾滋病哨点监测结果

目的了解淮安市男男性行为人群（MSM）艾滋病流行状况和相关性行为特征及其变化情况,为在该人群中采取有效防制策略提供依据。方法采用滚雪球和网络招募淮安市MSM,进行问卷调查,并采集血样进行人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、梅毒及丙型肝炎病毒（HIV）抗体检测。结果2010--2013年,各年分别调查MSM261、268、421和402人,HIV阳性率分别为5．36％、4．85％、5．94％、5．47％,差异无统计学意义。艾滋病知识知晓率均为90％以上,同性肛交坚持使用安全套的比例分别为37．64％、40．22％、37．89％442．43％,差异无统计学意义。异性性行为坚持使用安全套的比例分别为29．2l％、26．73％、20．81％、16．94％,差异有统计学意义。结论淮安市MSM存在知识和行为分离现象,作为艾滋病传播的桥梁人群会将艾滋病传播给女性性伴。应进一步加强MSM人群的行为干预,大力推广使用安全套,同时还应对HIV阳性的MSM开展行为干预,减少HIV的传播。     

发生HIV/AIDS危险行为男性的人格特征

目的了解男性发生商业性行为、多属性性伴关系、不坚持使用安全套等HIV／AIDS危险行为的人格特征，探讨人格因素与HIV／AIDS危险行为之间的关系。方法对深圳市教育所收容的165名参与商业性行为的男性进行问卷调查和卡氏16种人格因素量表测试。结果调查对象的16种人格因素与常模比较无差别。发生商业性行为的已婚男性的敢为性人格因素得分高于常模。同时具有非商业性临时性伴的男性的敢为性得分高于常模。世故性、忧虑性人格因素与男性在商业性行为中安全套使用频率有关，有时使用组的世故性得分高于从未使用组，每次使用组的忧虑性得分与其他2组均有差别，且得分最低。结论加强对男性人群关于HIV／AIDS预防的健康教育，以提高那些在人格方面有危险行为倾向的男性的行为理智性。     

广东省广州市4类高危人群HIV/AIDS的知信行调查分析

目的比较广东省广州市4类高危人群的HIV/AIDS知信行,提出针对不同人群特征的HIV/AIDS防治策略。方法采用便利抽样方法,对女性性工作者、戒毒人员、男男同性恋、流动人口4类人群进行HIV/AIDS相关知信行调查。结果 4类高危人群艾滋病总体知晓率为60%～70%。MSMs对HIV感染途径知晓率最高,为94.2%。FDAs对HIV非感染途径和预防知识的了解程度最高,知晓率分别为75.5%和58.8%。FSWs对治疗知识的掌握程度最高,知晓率为50.0%。4类人群最近半年与固定性伴性行为时,不足1/3的受调查者坚持每次使用安全套,在FDAs人群中该比例最低(P<0.01),仅为13.9%。最近一次与固定性伴性行为安全套使用率在各高危人群均不足60%,在FSWs人群中该比例最低(P<0.01),仅为23.0%。最近半年商业性行为调查显示,8.1%的FSWs人群首次商业性行为时未满18岁;FSWs人群在近半年性行为安全套每次都使用率(75.6%)、最近一次安全套使用率(90.8%)上均高于其他3类人群(P<0.01)。72.9%的MSMs首次性行为对象为男性,近半年与同性(固定性伴或临时性伴)发生肛交行为时,仅有36.8%坚持每次都使用安全套。结论 4类高危人群对艾滋病健康相关知识的掌握不平衡,认知与行为存在分离现象,应针对不同人群提出不同的宣传教育策略和干预措施。     

Sexual Regret in College Students

A questionnaire study was conducted to assess the relationship between sexual regret and sexual behaviors and demographic factors among 348 college-aged students prior to attending an educational program about sexual health issues. Analyses conducted on the portion of the sample who were sexually active (n = 270) indicated that the majority (71.9%, n = 194) has regretted their decision to engage in sexual activity at least once. The most cited reasons for regret by students included their sexual decision making as inconsistent with their morals (37%), an acknowledgment that alcohol influenced their decision (31.7%), the realization they did not want the same thing as their partner (27.9%), the lack of condom use (25.5%), feeling pressure by their partner (23.0%), and their desire to wait until marriage to have sex (15.4%). The only significant sex difference was that women reported regret due to feeling pressured by a partner more often than men. Multiple and logistic regression analyses indicated that the only significant predictor of regret regarding one's sexual decisions was the number of sexual partners. These results demonstrate the need for sexual educators to incorporate sexual regret into their curricula as the phenomenon of regret is more common than pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, the usual focus of sexuality education.     

女性性功能障碍及其研究进展

女性性功能障碍是影响女性生活质量的一个重要因素,随着社会的进步,性功能障碍问题日益受到人们的重视。近年的研究表明,女性性功能障碍的发生与女性社会心理因素、生理及病理改变有密切关系;同时,对女性性生理、女性性功能障碍发病机制的深入认识和理解,也为女性性功能障碍的诊断和治疗提供了理论依据。     

西安市中小学生性发育调查与心理卫生咨询

本文调查了西安市1980名中小学生(男945人,女1035人)的性发育,结果是女子初潮平均年龄为13.40岁,男子首次遗精平均年龄为14.58岁,和以往资料相比,性发育表现出明显的长期变化。部分家长和教师,由于不了解性发育知识而产生许多心理卫生问题,因此在小学高年级阶段,即应进行性知识教育。     

The role of anxiety in sexual dysfunctions: A review

Studies are reviewed which (a) compare anxiety and other measures of psychopathology between normals and dysfunctionals; (b) evaluate the effectiveness of anxiety reduction procedures for treating sexual dysfunctions; and (c) try to identify anxiety-related stimuli that alter sexual arousal. The studies, in general, suggest that (a) anxiety is common among people with sexual dysfunctions, but that the level and nature of the anxiety may vary greatly between individuals; (b) anxiety reduction procedures improve some, but probably not all, aspects of sexual dysfunctions; and (c) recent research has begun to identify some anxiety-related factors that can disrupt sexual arousal.     

Sexual activity and risk-taking in later life

The primary study objective was to identify the prevalence of sexual activity and sexual risk-taking behaviour among a sample of older community-based adults. Secondary objectives included gathering data about past experiences of consultations regarding sexual health issues with general practitioners (GPs) and at genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, and exploring participants' STI and HIV/AIDS-related information needs. Individuals over the age of 50 were identified from four electoral wards within Sheffield, UK by means of a postal screen based on the electoral register. Respondents self completed a short postal questionnaire. Three hundred and nineteen individuals aged over 50 years selected at random from the general population responded. Approximately 80% of respondents were currently sexually active and 7% engaged in behaviours that may place them at risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Risk takers were typically male, aged between 50 and 60 years and married. Being male was also related to reporting current or past sexual health concerns. In total, of 75 respondents reporting such concerns, two thirds had discussed these concerns with their GP or attended a GUM clinic. Levels of satisfaction with such consultations were generally high, but declined with increasing age. Overall, most participants felt they had not received very much information about STIs and HIV, and about one quarter reported that they would like to receive more information on these topics. These data have implications for all health and social care professionals who work with older people and indicate a potential need for education to help professionals meet the sexual health needs of their older patients/clients. Further implications for sexual health promotion and the need for additional research in this field are also discussed.     

Nonvolitional Sex and Sexual Health

Nonvolitional sex is sexual behavior that violates a person's right to choose when and with whom to have sex and what sexual behaviors to engage in. The more extreme forms of this behavior include rape, forced sex, childhood sexual abuse, sex trafficking, and violence against people with nonconventional sexual identities. More nuanced forms of nonvolitional sex include engaging in sexual behavior that masks one's nonconventional sexual identity, or that protects one's position with peers, or that represents a quid pro quo for the economic support that one obtains within an intimate relationship. The aim of this essay is to highlight the ways in which nonvolitional sex threatens sexual health and to identify strategies for ameliorating this problem. These strategies will have to be as broad in scope as is the problem that they are designed to address. The essay discusses the following strategies to reduce nonvolitional sex: (1) advocacy for sexual rights, gender equality, and equality for individuals with nonconventional sexual identities; (2) primary prevention programs and interventions that offer comprehensive sexuality education that establishes volitional sex and sexual health as basic human rights; (3) health services that routinely ask clients about their experiences with nonvolitional sex in an open and culturally appropriate manner; and (4) secondary prevention programs to meet the needs of victims of nonvolitional sex identified by the "screening" programs.     

吉林市单亲家庭青少年性的知识、态度及行为现状研究

目的：了解吉林市单亲家庭青少年性教育现状。方法：在吉林市6所中学随机抽取单亲及双亲家庭青少年各200人作为研究对象,进行问卷调查。结果：被调查者己具备一定的青春期性知识,但相当部分学生对人体的生理知识尚不清楚,尤其是单亲家庭的孩子表现更为薄弱;与双亲家庭青少年比较,单亲家庭青少年从父母那里获得较少的性知识;对中学生恋爱、性教育及婚前性行为的看法,单亲学生均比双亲学生表现得开放;单亲学生中有过性行为的比例多于双亲学生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：充分了解青少年的性知识、性态度和性行为,能对制定良好的干预措施提供帮助。青春期性教育是全社会均应关注的焦点,尤其要重点关注单亲家庭青少年。     

青少年性观念与婚前性行为关系的探讨

本文对783名大学生与314名行婚前检查女青年的性观念与性行为关系，进行了一元与多元分析（以＞24岁306例作对照）。结果表明，大学生与婚前青少年的性行为与性文化观念、性知识、婚恋观等有密切关系。     

Sexual interest and behavior in healthy 80- to 102-year-olds

Sexual interest and behavior of 100 white men and 102 white women ranging in age from 80–102 were studied using an anonymous 117-item questionnaire. Subjects were healthy and upper middle-class, and living in residential retirement facilities; 14% of the women and 29% of the men were presently married. For both men and women, the most common activity was touching and caressing without sexual intercourse, followed by masturbation, followed by sexual intercourse. Of these activities, only touching and caressing showed a significant decline from the 80s to the 90s, with further analyses revealing a significant decline in this activity for men but not for women. Except for past enjoyment of sexual intercourse and of touching and caressing without sexual intercourse, all analyses revealed sex differences reflecting more activity and enjoyment by men. Current income and past guilt over sexual feelings showed very low but significant correlations with some frequency and enjoyment measures, and marital status, extramarital sex, and church attendence were significantly associated with continuing to perform and enjoy some sexual behaviors. Past importance of sex was significantly correlated with present frequency and enjoyment of both sexual intercourse and touching and caressing without sexual intercourse. Correlations between past and present frequency of sexual behaviors were substantial and significant for all but frequency of sexual intercourse, suggesting that current physical and social factors play an overriding role in this area.A part of the data in this paper was presented by the authors at the 6th World Congress of Sexology, Washington DC, May 1983, and submitted by the first author to the faculty of San Francisco State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree, August 1983.