Primary Closure of the Common Duct over Endonasobiliary Drainage Tubes

The T-tube remains the standard method of intraductal drainage after open choledochotomy for choledocholithiasis. We studied the use of an endonasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube as an alternative to the T-tube for postoperative intraductal drainage. A series of 20 patients with documented choledocholithiasis in whom endoscopic methods of stone retrieval failed to clear the common bile duct (CBD) were selected for the study. All patients had ENBD tubes placed preoperatively at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography and then were subjected to open choledocholithotomy with primary closure of the choledochotomy over the ENBD. The age of the patients in the study group ranged from 18 to 75 years. Three patients (15%) had acute cholangitis at the time of surgery. Stones were confirmed at surgery in 85% of the patients, and the size of the CBD was found to range from 1.0 to 2.3 cm. All 20 patients underwent closure of the common duct over an ENBD tube without any difficulty. None of the patients experienced biliary complications such as bile leaks, biliary peritonitis, biliary fistula, pancreatitis, or cholangitis. No patient had any residual stone as documented by postoperative cholangiograms. Abdominal drains remained in place for 2 to 4 days, and the ENBD tubes were removed between days 6 and 8. The length of the postoperative hospital stay varied from 7 to 15 days, with 65% of the patients going home before postoperative day 8.     

腹腔镜胆道探查术后胆总管一期缝合与T管引流的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜胆道探查术后胆总管一期缝合与T管引流两种术式治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年4月至2012年5月期间笔者所在科室收治的因胆囊结石合并胆管结石接受腹腔镜胆囊切除＋胆道探查治疗的109例患者的临床资料,其中58例行T管引流,51例行一期胆总管缝合。比较2组患者的手术时间、住院时间、治疗费用、术后恢复正常生活时间以及手术并发症情况。结果 T管引流组术后发生胆瘘2例（3.4%）,一期缝合组术后发生胆瘘1例（2.0%）,其差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。2组患者的手术时间、住院时间及住院治疗费用的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。一期缝合组患者术后恢复正常生活时间为（7.2±1.1）d,短于T管引流组的（28.2±2.7）d（P=0.001）。结论经腹腔镜胆道探查术后一期胆总管缝合是安全可行的,可缩短患者的康复时间,提高患者围手术期生活质量。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合与T管引流的比较

目的总结腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合和T管引流的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合（primary suture,PS）组21例和T管引流（t-tube drainage,TD）组40例患者的临床资料。结果PS组的手术时间、术中出血量分别为（105.5±15.7）min和（53.1±21.4）ml,术后无胆漏或胆管残余结石发生;而TD组的手术时间、术中出血量分别为（112.4±18.4）min和（63.5±22.0）ml,术后发生胆漏2例,胆管残石3例,两组比较无差异（P〉0.05）,而在术后下床活动时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间及住院时间上PS组为（26.3±6.1）h、（24.6±2.6）h、（5.7±1.0）d,明显短于TD组的（38.7±10.0）h、（33.1±8.8）h、（9.0±1.8）d,P〈0.05。结论在严格掌握手术适应证的情况下,一期缝合术较T管引流术更能体现腹腔镜技术的优越性。     

腹腔镜下胆总管探查术后一期缝合与T管引流的效果比较

目的比较腹腔镜下胆总管探查一期缝合与T管引流治疗肝外胆管结石的效果,总结腹腔镜下胆总管探查一期缝合的临床经验。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月期间于中国人民解放军总医院施行腹腔镜下胆总管探查取石的121例肝外胆管结石患者的临床资料,比较一期缝合组（n=63）与T管引流组（n=58）的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、胆瘘发生率、胆总管狭窄发生率及结石复发率。结果 2组患者均顺利完成腹腔镜手术。术后一期缝合组发生胆瘘3例,T管引流组发生1例。2组患者的术中出血量和胆瘘发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但T管引流组的手术时间和术后住院时间均较长（P=0.000）。术后所有患者获访4-36个月,平均12个月。随访期间均无复发、胆总管狭窄及死亡发生。结论腹腔镜下胆总管探查一期缝合治疗肝外胆管结石安全而有效,并且避免了术后T管的护理,有望成为处理肝外胆管结石的主流术式。     

Artificial Skin for Closure and Healing of Wounds Created by Skin Cancer Excisions

BACKGROUND: A dermal regeneration template indicated for life-threatening third-degree burn injuries is a product with potential application to smaller wounds to aid in healing and closure of complex excision sites. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of dermal regeneration template for closure of skin cancer excision sites that would have otherwise required complicated closures. METHODS: Five patients, 61-84 years old, with skin cancer surgery yielding a total of six wounds were treated with the dermal regeneration template to close and heal their wounds. RESULTS: Four of five patients had complete healing (five of six wounds) with cosmetically acceptable results. The one treatment failure was application of the dermal regeneration template over exposed skull where inadequate neodermis formed. Successful healing was observed in five complex skin cancer excision sites including two wounds in previously irradiated grafted skin, a large and deep temporal defect, a wide excision in the supraclavicular region, and an excision down to cartilage on the antihelix of the ear. No infections were noted, although in four of five patients prophylactic oral antibiotics (either erythromycin or cephalexin) were prescribed postoperatively for 1-2 weeks. CONCLUSION: The product simplified wound care, subjectively appeared to decrease pain and postoperative bleeding, and yielded cosmetically acceptable wound repair. Autografting was not necessary; wounds healed in 2-4 months by epithelialization over neodermis after removal of the silicone layer. Furthermore, the product was a convenient long-term dressing and healing device for wounds where complex repairs, autografts, and/or flaps would otherwise be considered for closure.     

Is Closure of Open Skin Wounds in Rats Accelerated by Argon Laser Exposure?

The influence of linearly polarized argon laser irradiation (lambda = 488 nm and 514.5 nm) on the closure time of standardized open skin wounds was measured in rats. In two separate controlled experiments no acceleration of wound closure by laser irradiation was observed. In the first experiment the wounds were cleaned during the laser treatment period at 1 J/cm2. The second experiment at 4 J/cm2 was without mechanical wound cleaning. The contradictory results reported in the literature and possible influences of wavelength, energy density, and power density are discussed.