超声心动图声学定量技术对高血压患者左室功能的评价

目的应用超声心动图声学定量(AQ)技术评价高血压患者的左室收缩和舒张功能。方法62例高血压患者和30例正常对照组进行AQ检测,根据左室心肌重量指数(LVMI),高血压又分为高血压LVMI正常组与左室肥厚组。结果与对照组左室舒张功能指标比较,高血压患者左室充盈异常,舒张早期充盈减低,舒张晚期充盈增强;与高血压LVMI正常组比较,高血压左室肥厚组左室充盈尤其是舒张早期充盈低于高血压LVMI正常组;与对照组左室收缩功能指标比较,高血压LVMI正常组左室收缩功能正常,且处于高血流动力学状态,而高血压左室肥厚组左室收缩功能减低,且低于LVMI正常组;与对照组左室容量指标比较,高血压LVMI正常组左室容量负荷增大,而高血压左室肥厚组差异无显著性。结论AQ技术为定量评价高血压患者的左室收缩和舒张功能提供了新的方法。     

应变率成像评价高血压患者左心功能研究

目的: 探讨应变率成像(SRI)技术在评价高血压患者左室收缩与舒张功能方面的价值.方法: 选取高血压患者35例及正常对照组30例,心尖两腔、长轴、四腔观获取组织速度成像(TVI)图像,应用SRI技术测量左室壁基底段、中段心肌收缩期、舒张早期和舒张晚期的峰值应变率(分别缩写为SRS、SRE和SRA),并计算左室平均峰值应变率(mSR).在心尖四腔观用Simpson法测量左室射血分数(LVEF),常规测量二尖瓣口舒张早期最大血流速度(E)、舒张晚期最大血流速度(A)及E/A.结果: 与正常对照组相比,患者组左室收缩期平均峰值应变率(mSRS)明显降低(P<0.05),mSRS与LVEF呈显著负相关(r=-0.84,P＜0.001);患者组舒张早期平均峰值应变率(mSRE)显著降低(P＜0.01),舒张晚期平均峰值应变率(mSRA)明显升高(P＜0.05),mSRE/mSRA显著降低(P＜0.01),mSRE/mSRA与E/A呈良好正相关(r=0.68,P＜0.01).结论: SRI技术能快速、无创地定量评价高血压患者左室心肌收缩及舒张功能.     

原发性高血压左室肥厚心率变异性与室性心律失常分析

目的:分析72例有或无左室肥厚(LVH)原发性高血压患者心率变异性(HRV)时域指标和室性心律失常的关系。方法:连续记录24h动态心电图通过计算机算出72例原发性高血压病人HRV时域指标(白天、夜间SDNN)及室性心律失常发生率。结果:高血压LVH组(HRV)时域指标小于高血压不伴LVH组,P<0.01,室性心律失常的发生率与高血压不伴LVH组比较明显增加,P<0.01。结论:HRV时域指标对于预测高血压左室肥厚患者发生室性心律失常有一定的参考价值。     

新活素对急性心肌梗死患者心率变异性的影响

目的 观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心率变异性(HRV)的改变及新活素——冻干重组人脑利钠肽(Lrh-BNP)对AMI患者HRV的影响.方法 选择AMI患者(AMI组,n=56)及同期健康体检者(正常对照组,n=30),将AMI组患者分为新活素治疗组(n=35,在基础AMI的治疗上静脉注射Lrh-BNP 24 h)和对照组(n=21,进行基础AMI的治疗).所有入选者均进行24h Hoher检查,对新活素治疗组、对照组和正常对照组进行心率、功率谱时域和频域的分析.结果 AMI组HRV各项时域指标较正常对照组显著降低(P＜ 0.01);Lrh-BNP治疗后,患者HRV值较对照组显著改善,时域指标(SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、心率)均显著改善(P＜0.01),频域指标(LF和HF)亦明显改善(P＜0.05);Lrh-BNP治疗1年后,患者心功能不全的发生率及病死率较对照组明显降低(P＜ 0.05);Lrh-BNP对不同部位的AMI患者HRV各项时域指标的影响无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 应用Lrh-BNP可显著改善AMI患者降低的HRV,减少心功能不全的发生率,降低病死率.     

原发性高血压早期左心结构及功能的超声评价

目的探讨原发性高血压早期左心结构及舒张功能的改变.方法应用二维彩色多普勒超声心动描记术检测1、2级原发性高压血患者左房内径、左室内径、室壁厚度、左室质量、收缩及舒张功能.结果原发性高血压组左房增大发生率为77%(17/22)左房内径与对照组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).舒张功能指标E/A与对照组比较亦有差异(P＜0.01).结论左房增大及左室舒张功能受损是原发性高血压的早期心脏改变.     

定量组织速度成像技术评价风心病换瓣手术前后心功能的研究

目的采用组织多普勒成像(doppler tissue imaging,DTI)以及基于此技术的定量组织速度成像(quantitativetissue velocity imaging,QTVI),定量测量风湿性心脏病患者换瓣手术前后心脏各部分各时相运动速度、幅度,分析心肌舒缩功能的变化,以指导临床.方法25例风湿性心脏病患者术前、术后1、3个月的心脏运动情况与20例正常成年人进行测量及分析比较.结果①患者较正常对照组心脏各腔室均有增大,尤其是心房(P＜0.01);左右心室射血分数(EF)及左室短轴缩短百分率(FS)则明显较正常降低(P＜0.01);术后1个月左室EF进一步降低(P＜0.05);术后3个月左房、左室有所减小(P＜0.05);②患者较正常对照组心脏二尖瓣环、三尖瓣环下移距离显著减小(P＜0.01),二尖瓣E波最大流速显著增大(P＜0.01);术后1个月三尖瓣环下移距离继续减小(P＜0.01),二尖瓣E波最大流速降低(P＜0.01);术后3个月三尖瓣环下移距离有所增大(P＜0.05);患者术前室间隔、左室外侧壁、右室外侧壁大部分有关舒张、收缩指标均低于正常(P＜0.01),术后1月这部分指标较术前降低,术后3个月室间隔舒张、左室收缩有关指标继续降低,而右室大部分舒张、收缩有关指标有所升高(P＜0.05).结论术后3个月右心功能开始恢复,而左心功能仍维持低水平,需要继续药物治疗,且有必要做更长时间的随访,以便指导对患者术后的治疗.     

坎地沙坦对原发性高血压患者心率变异性影响的观察

目的观察原发性高血压患者心率变异性（HRV）及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（ATR）拮抗剂坎地沙坦治疗对HRV的影响。方法选择50例原发性高血压患者为高血压组,给予口服坎地沙坦8 mg,每日口服1次,连续8周。服药前后做24 h动态心电图测心率变异（HRV）的时域和频域指标,并与50例正常对照组进行比较。结果与正常对照组比较,原发性高血压组HRV各项指标与对照组相比明显减低（P〈0.01）;坎地沙坦能明显降低血压,使时域指标SDNN、SDANN和SDNNI升高;RMSSD和PNN50轻度升高,频域指标VLF和LF下降,HF增加（P〈0.05或0.01）,在降压的同时伴随HRV各项指标较治疗前改善。结论原发性高血压患者存在HRV改变,坎地沙坦可有效提高HRV,改善高血压患者自主神经功能。     

尿毒症患者左心功能损害的超声检测与分析

目的 探讨尿毒症患者左室功能不同受损程度的超声表现.方法 40例尿毒症患者,20例健康志愿者作为对照组.首先所有被检者均进行常规超声心动图检查及多普勒检查,获取相关参数:室间隔舒张末厚度(IVSd),左室后壁舒张末厚度(LVPWd),左室腔舒张末内径(LVDd),左室质量指数(LVMI);运用Simpson方法测量左室射血分数(LVEF),通过二尖瓣口血流频谱图测量并计算E峰与A峰峰值速度比值(E/A);然后将系统切换到脉冲组织多普勒模式(PW-TDI),获取二尖瓣环四个位点的心肌运动频谱图,测量并计算e峰及a峰的峰值速度比值(e/a),并结合心电图标Ⅱ导联在一个心动周期内测量等容收缩期(ICT),射血期(ET)及等容舒张期(IRT),计算Tei指数.结果 根据常规超声心动图检查结果将尿毒症患者分为左室轻度肥厚组和左室肥厚组,与正常对照组相比,两组尿毒症患者的左室舒张功能指标E/A,e/a均减低(P＜0.01);而左室收缩功能指标EF仅左室肥厚组出现减低(P＜0.05);两组尿毒症患者Tei指数均明显增大(P＜0.01).结论 ①尿毒症患者左室功能均存在不同程度受损,舒张功能减低较早出现,且普遍存在,随着左室功能受损加重,室壁增厚,在舒张功能减低的同时出现收缩功能的减低.②PW-TDI检测参数和Tei指数是评价尿毒症患者左室功能的敏感指标.     

应用彩色多普勒超声研究高血压早期左心结构及功能的变化

目的:探讨高血压早期左心结构及功能的改变。方法:应用philips-HDI15000彩色超声诊断仪对32例高血压早期患者及40例正常组的左房内径、左室内径、室壁厚度、收缩及舒张功能进行对比观察。结果:高血压组左室内径、室壁厚度及收缩功能无明显变化(P>0.05)。而左房内径的变化差异有显著性(P<0.05),且左室舒张功能与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01))。结论:左室舒张功能减退及左房增大是高血压患者的早期心脏改变,尤以左室舒张功能的改变最为显著。     

心脏变时功能不良与左心功能及心率变异的相关性研究

目的探讨心脏变时功能性不良患者的心率变异与左心收缩功能、舒张功能的变化及其临床意义。方法通过平板运动试验、二维超声心动刚及短程心率变异检测分别对248例患者作心脏变时功能、左室收缩功能、左室舒张功能以及5min短程心率变异测定。结果248例患者中共俭测出心脏变时功能性不良者48例,观察组与对照组比较,左室收缩功能和舒张功能各项指标两组间无显著的改变（P〉0．05）。HRV分析显示CI患者时域指标SDNN,rMSSD显著下降,二组间有娃著差异（P〈0．05）,频域指标HF值、LF值二组间无明显差异（P〉0．05）,但LF／HF比值CI患者明显增大,二组间有显著差异性（P〈0．05）。Logistie回归分析表明cI发生与运动试验阳性、LF／HF比值及SDNN有显著相关性,而年龄、性别、吸炯、血压、Ea／Aa比值、HF值、LF值与cI无明显相关性。结论心脏变时性功能不良患者心率变异降低,而左室功能无明显改变,提示植物神经功能受损可能是CI发生的原因之一,同时应用心率变异对心脏变时性功能不良临床意义进行冉评估有一定的实用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.