IL—4在诱导CD4,45RA^＋和CD4,45RO^＋T细胞向IL—4产生细胞分化？…

应用ＥＬＩＳＰＯＴ（Ｅｎｚｙｍｅ－ｌｉｋｅｄｉｍｍｕｎｏｓｐｏｔａｓｓａｙ）单细胞检测技术，研究了淋巴因子在诱导ＣＤ４，４５ＲＯ和ＣＤ４，４５ＲＡＴ细胞向ＩＬ－４产生细胞分化过程中的影响，在存在ＰＭＡ和ｉｏｎｍｙｃｉｎ的情况下，ＩＬ－２和ＩＬ－４均可以诱导ＣＤ４，４５ＲＯＴ细胞分化为ＩＬ－４产生细胞，但是只有ＩＬ－４可以诱导ＣＤ４，４５ＲＡＴ细胞向ＩＬ－４产生细胞分化，ＩＦＮγ既不能诱导ＣＤ４，４     

树突状细胞体外定向诱导扩增及其分离纯化

目的：探讨定向诱导及纯化树突状细胞（ＤＣ）的方法，为进一步研究树突状细胞的功能、特性及临床应用提供技术方法。方法：利用免疫磁珠江（ＭＡＣＳ）分离纯化脐血ＣＤ３４细胞，在液体培养体系中加入ＦＬ、ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－４ｅｙ ＳＣＦ，培养１２ｄ后光镜检测细胞形态及流式细胞仪分析表达标志；利用抗估状细胞单克隆抗体（Ｘ－１１）及免疫磁珠分离纯化树突状细胞，流式细胞仪检测纯化后ＤＣ的纯度。结果：经体     

川崎病患者外周血淋巴细胞凋亡减少的初探

目的：探讨川崎病（ＫＤ）的免疫发病机制。方法：对２６例ＫＤ患者和２０名正常儿童外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）经ａｎｔｉ－ＣＤ３诱导体外培养不同时间的凋亡进行计数凋亡细胞百分率和片段ＤＮＡ分析。结果：ＫＤ患者凋亡细胞百分率和片段ＤＮＡ出现时间较正常对照降低（Ｐ〈０．００１）和延迟，ＰＢＭＣ体外培养产生ＩＬ－６水平较正常对照显著升高（Ｐ〈０．００１）；加抗ＩＬ－６单抗培养或静脉注射免疫球蛋白（ＩＶＩＧ）     

CD4T细胞缺乏对胸腺细胞凋亡影响的研究

通过对ＬＥＣ大鼠和正常对照鼠胸遥细胞的凋亡的研究，探讨了ＣＤ４Ｔ细胞缺乏对胸腺细胞凋亡的影响。电子显微镜，抗ｓｓ－ＤＮＡ抗体免疫细胞化学染色及ＤＮＡ片段梯形电泳带结果提示：ＣＤ４Ｔ细胞缺乏可诱导不成熟Ｔ细胞凋亡，对成熟Ｔ细胞无明显影响。     

IFN—α联合GM—CSF在无血清培育条件下诱生DC的研究

本研究分别采用ＩＦＮ－α联合粒单系集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）及ＩＬ－４联合ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ在无血清培育条件下从正常人及多发性骨髓瘤（ＭＭ）患者外周血单个核细胞性树突状细胞（ＤＣ）,并对其形态、功能及免疫表型进行比较。结果表明ＩＦＮ－α联合ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ能与ＩＬ－４联合ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ同样有效地诱导产生ＤＣ,所得的ＤＣ在形态、免疫表型及功能上无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,正常人和ＭＭ患者的外周血单个核细胞经诱     

小鼠胸腺基质细胞系（MTEC1）对裸鼠骨髓细胞的诱…

在体外建立的小鼠胸腺基质细胞系（ＭＴＥＣ１）及其培养上清（ＭＴＥＣ１－ＳＮ）与裸鼠骨髓（ＢＭ）细胞共同培养，通过直接荧光素标记抗体，ＦＡＣＳ分析其细胞表面标志表明，ＭＴＥＣ１及ＭＴＥＣ１－ＳＮ均有诱导促进Ｔｈｙ·１＾－ＣＤ＾－４ＣＤ＾－８的ＢＭ细胞表达Ｔｈｙ·１，ＣＤ４及ＣＤ８分子的作用。在培养或共育三天时，ＭＴＥＣ１－ＳＮ可促进ＢＭ细胞分化形成ＣＤ＾＋４Ｔｈｙ·１＾－，ＣＤ＾－４Ｔｈｙ·１＾＋细     

晚期糖化终产物对糖尿病大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞的影响

目的 探讨血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）在糖尿病早期的改变及其与晚期糖化终产物（ＡＧＥｓ）的关系。方法 应用荧光分光光度法、免疫组织化学、计算机图像分析和透射电镜等技术,研究链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病（ＤＭ）大鼠血浆和腹主动脉晚期糖化终产物（ＡＧＥｓ）的含量以及腹主动脉ＶＳＭＣ的变化。结果 从４周起,ＤＭ大鼠血浆和腹主动脉的ＡＧＥｓ显著增多;腹主动脉α－ＳＭ－肌动蛋白的相对面积减小,ＣＳＭＣ的细胞核密度     

放线菌酮诱导大鼠脾淋巴细胞凋亡的初步探讨

近来研究认为，细胞凋亡（Ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ）与免疫细胞分化发育有着密切关系。但目前，凋亡与淋巴细胞的关系的研究大多采用体外实验方法，为了更有利于研究淋巴细胞凋亡的发生机制，我们建立了体内诱导大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的方法。健康雌性ＳＤ大鼠禁食２４小时后，用乙醚麻醉后从腹腔或静脉注射５．０ｍｇ，ｋｇ－１的放线菌酮（Ｃｙｃｌｏ－ｈｅｘｉｍｉｄｅ）。４小时后处死动物，取出脾脏，常规固定、脱水和石蜡包埋。细胞凋亡判断依据光镜下典型的凋亡细胞形态变化并结合原位３′－末端标记方法。脾脏组织还进一步作免疫组化染色…     

蛋白激酶C抑制剂诱导CNE—2Z细胞凋亡的研究

目的和方法：采用蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）催化区抑制剂ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ（ＳＴ）、调节区抑制剂ｓｐｈｉｎｇｏｓｉｎｅ（ＳＳ），诱导ＣＮＥ—２Ｚ细胞２４ｈ。结果：（１）ＳＴ、ＳＳ对细胞ＤＮＡ裂解的影响均随浓度增高而逐步增强，作用明显的终浓度分别为１×１０６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和４×１０５；（２）核形态观察：诱导后部分细胞核变小，核浓缩及核碎裂；（３）ＤＮＡ琼脂糖电泳：诱导后的细胞有典型梯状ＤＮＡ条带；（４）流式细胞仪分析：诱导组Ｇ１期前均有ＤＮＡ亚二倍体峰，即凋亡峰。细胞周期改变：ＳＴ使Ｇ２期增加、Ｇ１、Ｓ期减少；ＳＳ使Ｓ期增加和Ｇ１期减少。结论：ＰＫＣ抑制剂可有效地促进ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ细胞凋亡，但与抑制剂剂量有关，细胞周期的改变可能在ＰＫＣ抑制剂诱导的细胞凋亡中起重要作用。     

反义myb寡核苷酸对内皮素诱导动脉平滑肌细胞增殖抑制作用的研究

合成反义和正义ｃ－ｍｙｂ１８－ｍｅｒ，分别导入培养的ＷＫＹ主动脉平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣｓ），同时用内皮素诱导ＳＭＣｓ增殖。反义ｃ－ｍｙｂ寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮｓ）对内皮素诱导ＳＭＣｓ的抗细胞增殖抑制作用随浓度（６０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１～１２０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）的增加而增加。用１２０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１反义ＯＤＮｓ抗细胞增殖能力随时间延长而下降。免疫组化显示受抑制细胞ｍｙｂ水平较同期对照组或正义ＯＤＮｓ组低。以上为反义ＯＤＮｓ抑制外源性生长因子或细胞因子诱导靶基因的高表达和细胞增殖提供了新的线索，同时为探讨癌基因表达调控与动脉ＳＭＣｓ增殖的关系提供了一种新方法。     

Regulation of neuroinflammation by B cells and plasma cells

The remarkable success of anti‐CD20 B cell depletion therapies in reducing the burden of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease has prompted significant interest in how B cells contribute to neuroinflammation. Most focus has been on identifying pathogenic CD20⁺ B cells. However, an increasing number of studies have also identified regulatory functions of B lineage cells, particularly the production of IL‐10, as being associated with disease remission in anti‐CD20–treated MS patients. Moreover, IL‐10–producing B cells have been linked to the attenuation of inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. In addition to IL‐10–producing B cells, antibody‐producing plasma cells (PCs) have also been implicated in suppressing neuroinflammation. This review will examine regulatory roles for B cells and PCs in MS and EAE. In addition, we speculate on the involvement of regulatory PCs and the cytokine BAFF in the context of anti‐CD20 treatment. Lastly, we explore how the microbiota could influence anti‐inflammatory B cell behavior. A better understanding of the contributions of different B cell subsets to the regulation of neuroinflammation, and factors that impact the development, maintenance, and migration of such subsets, will be important for rationalizing next‐generation B cell–directed therapies for the treatment of MS.     

Regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in viral infection

CD4⁺ T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4⁺ T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Among them, Tregs and Th17 cells show a strong plasticity allowing the functional adaptation to various physiological and pathological environments during immune responses. Although they are derived from the same precursor cells and their differentiation pathways are interrelated, the terminally differentiated cells have totally opposite functions. Studies have shown that Tregs and Th17 cells have rather complex interplays in viral infection: Th17 cells may contribute to immune activation and disease progression while Tregs may inhibit this process and play a key role in the maintenance of immune homoeostasis, possibly at the cost of compromised viral control. In this review, we take respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections as examples to discuss these interplays and their impacts on disease progression in viral infection.     

Human umbilical cord blood cells express neurotrophic factors

Freshly isolated or culture-expanded human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMNCs) have been known to express neural phenotypes in vitro and to differentiate into neural cells and improve neurological function recovery after being administrated into rodent models of neurological diseases. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. The present study observed that CBMNCs expressed higher level mRNAs of several neurotrophic factors than adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, a significantly increase in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT4/5) was found in culture supernatants of CBMNCs compared to that of PBMNCs. These findings indicate that CBMNCs express several neurotrophic factors and suggest that the neurotrophic factors secreted by CBMNCs may be responsible for amelioration of central nervous system deficits in animal models after CBMNC administration.     

剪切力条件下血管内皮细胞与平滑肌细胞的相互作用

血管内皮细胞(endothelial cells,ECs)与平滑肌细胞(smooth muscle cells,SMCs)是血管壁的主要细胞,它们之间的相互作用在维持血管正常的生理功能以及心血管疾病的发生发展过程中至关重要。为真实模拟ECs与SMCs体内条件下的位置关系与生长状态,人们建立了多种共培养系统。介绍当前几种常用的能够加载流动剪切力的共培养系统,并分别比较其优势与不足;简要总结剪切力条件下ECs与SMCs相互作用对ECs与SMCs表型与分布、SMCs生长与迁移、ECs表面相关黏附分子表达的影响。研究表明,一氧化氮(NO)、细胞因子、microRNA等可以作为信号分子介导ECs与SMCs之间的相互作用。     

The effects of transmural pressure on prostacyclin release from porcine endocardial endothelial cells – comparison with vascular endothelial cells

 We assessed the effects of pressure on the release of prostacyclin (PGI₂) from cultured endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs). EECs were harvested from the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) of porcine hearts, and VECs from pulmonary artery (PA), aorta (Ao) and coronary artery (CA). Confluent EECs and VECs were incubated for 30 min under various pressures (0, 50, 100, 150 mmHg) and PGI₂ release from each cell was measured. Pressure-induced PGI₂ release from LV-EECs was larger than that from RV-EECs. Pressure also increased PGI₂ release from both PA- and Ao-VECs, but not from CA-VECs. These findings suggest that endocardium can produce PGI₂ in response to pressure and PGI₂ released into the coronary blood from the ventricle may play an important role in the prevention of myocardial ischemia. Received: 13 August 1996 / Received after revision: 13 December 1996 / Accepted: 17 January 1997     

IL-4/IL-10诱导的树突状细胞对类风湿性关节炎的作用

目的:探讨经IL-4/IL-10诱导的树突状细胞(DC)对类风湿性关节炎的作用。方法:用Percoll分层离心法从脾脏细胞分离得到DC后,用IL-4或IL-10或IL-4+IL-10进行诱导。用未经诱导和诱导过的DC对类风湿性关节炎大鼠模型进行干扰。SD鼠设为CIA模型组,DC对照组与DC试验组。用ELISA法检测细胞因子与抗体水平,用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,对鼠爪关节行病理学检测。结果:DC对照组的临床症状评分,病理改变评分,细胞增殖能力,血清中抗胶原抗体及细胞因子水平与CIA模型组的差异无统计学意义。试验组中,注射IL-10-DC能改善CIA鼠的滑膜炎症情况;在初次免疫后第5天注射IL-4-DC能减轻CIA鼠的滑膜炎程度;注射IL-4+IL-10-DC无明显的保护作用。结论:适时注射IL-4或IL-10诱导的DC,对实验性类风湿性关节炎具有保护作用。     

绿色荧光蛋白转基因小鼠骨髓基质细胞体外诱导分化为神经元样细胞

目的 研究绿色荧光蛋白转基因小鼠骨髓基质细胞(GFP-GM-BMSCs)在体外无血清培养基+神经细胞因子诱导条件下,向神经细胞分化的能力。方法 用贴壁法体外培养GFP-GM-BMSCs,取第3代GFP-GM-BMSCs,用含浓度均为20μg/L的表皮生长因子(EGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）的无血清培养基（neurobasal-A+2%B27）诱导分化。第5天用免疫细胞荧光方法检测巢蛋白(nestin)的表达,第10天用神经元烯醇化酶 (NSE)、神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫细胞化学方法鉴定阳性细胞。结果 GFP-GM-BMSCs经无血清培养基+神经细胞因子诱导后,细胞胞体变圆,伸出细长突起, 有的突起连接成网,呈神经元样形态。诱导第5天,nestin阳性表达的细胞为40.24%+5.09%;第10天,NSE阳性、GFAP阳性的细胞分别为36.43%+5.27%和49.73%+6.28%。 结论 GFP-GM-BMSCs在体外含EGF、bFGF的无血清培养基中,能分化成神经元样细胞。     

The behavior of neural stem cells on biodegradable synthetic polymers

The biocompatibility of polymer scaffolds as neural stem cell transplantation matrices has not yet been studied extensively. In this study, we evaluated the biocompatibility of various biodegradable polymers for neural stem cells. The biocompatibility tests were performed by culturing hippocampal progenitor cells (HiB5) on films of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) or in the presence of extracts from these polymers. Specifically, the viability, mitochondrial metabolic activity, proliferation, apoptosis and neurite out-growth of HiB5 cells were examined in biocompatibility tests. Among the tested polymers, PLGA performed best with respect to cell viability, mitochondrial metabolic activity and apoptotic activity. Compared to the other polymers, PLLA showed the worst results in all categories evaluated. PLGA also showed favorable results for neurite out-growth of HiB5 cells. The results of this study demonstrate the promising biocompatibility of PLGA as a scaffold for neural stem cell transplantation for nerve regeneration.     

过表达VMAT2的CHO细胞可抵抗rotenone和MPP+的毒性作用

目的为研究毒物鱼藤酮(rotenone)和1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(MPP )对野生型及过表达囊泡单胺转运蛋白(VMAT2)的中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)的毒性作用。方法将不同浓度的MPP r、otenone与野生型(WT-CHO)和过表达VMAT2的CHO细胞(VMAT2-CHO)共培养,通过形态学改变和MTT比色法检测细胞活力来观察毒物的毒性作用。结果VMAT2-CHO细胞活力明显增强,第5~7天VMAT2-CHO数量约为WT-CHO的3倍。0.2~2.0 mmol/L的MPP (P<0.05)和0.05~1.0μmol/L rotenone(P<0.01)作用72 h,VMAT2-CHO的存活率高于WT-CHO,细胞中毒后的形态改变不如WT-CHO明显。结论过表达VMAT2的CHO细胞对MPP 和rotenone的毒性作用有抵抗。     

The simulated microgravity enhances the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neurons

Growing evidence shows that physical microenvironments and mechanical stresses, independent of soluble factors, help influence mesenchymal-stem-cell fate. rMSCs (rat mesenchymal stem cells) present spread, spindle shape when cultured in normal gravity (NG) while in simulated microgravity (SMG) they become unspread, round shape. Here we demonstrate that simulated microgravity can enhance the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neurons, which might be a new strategy for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. rMSCs were cultured respectively in normal gravity and in a clinostat to simulate microgravity, followed with neuronal differentiated medium. The neuronal cells derived from rMSCs in SMG express higher microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT). Furthermore, as rMSCs are subjected to SMG, they excrete more neurotrophins like nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Neuronal cells from SMG group generated more mature action potentials and displayed repetitive action potentials by comparison to cells from NG group. We conclude that simulated microgravity can enhance the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neurons.