食管癌高低发区玉米中硒含量分析

1987年对食管癌高、低发区主要农作物玉米中硒含量进行分析,结果显示:食管癌高发区鹤壁郊区(死亡率139/10万)玉米中硒含量高达83±6.14ng/g,低发区郑州郊区(死亡率10.2/10万)玉米中硒含量低至35±2.31ng/g。差别具有高度显著性。     

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a high selenium environment

During a ten-year period, four cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been found in a sparsely populated county (population 4,000) in west-central South Dakota. The patients were unrelated male farmer-ranchers between 57 and 66 years of age, living within a 15-km radius of each other. The cases occurred in a region where naturally occurring selenium toxication is endemic in farm animals.     

Correlation between birth defects and dietary nutrition status in a high incidence area of China

Objective To investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China. Methods A dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnancy was affected by neural tube defects （NTDs） or unaffected by any birth defects （BDs） in Zhongyang and Jiaokou Counties in Shanxi Province of China. ResuIts The local average consumption of foods including dark green vegetables, fruits, fat and meat, and nutrient intake （e.g. energy, protein, retinol, riboflavin, vitamin E, and selenium） were lower than the national average level. In women of childbearing age, these regions, the intake of nutrients was much lower than the recommended nutrient intake （9%-77%）. The case-control dietary nutrition study of women whose pregnancy was affected by BDs （including NTDs and congenital heart defects） demonstrated that, in early pregnancy, adequate nutrition （i.e. eating meat, fresh vegetables, fruit more than once a week） was a protective factor, while eating germinated potatoes was a risk factor. The geometrical mean （pS- p95） of serum folic acid in women with NTD birth defects was 9.6 nmol/L （3.6, 23.03）, which was significantly lower than that in normal women （14.03 nmol/L）. Conclusion Women of childbearing age in the two counties of Shanxi Province, China, have a marked insufficient intake of some nutrients, especially folic acid, zinc, vitamins A and B12. This nutrient deficiency may be an important risk factor for the high prevalence of birth defects in these regions. Therefore, adequate dietary nutrition in early pregnancy can prevent BDs.     

Effect of supplemental vitamin E and selenium in high moisture corn diets on the incidence of mulberry heart disease and hepatosis dietetica in pigs

Forty-eight intact male pigs were used to investigate the influence of source of protein supplement, corn moisture content, and supplemental vitamin E-selenium survived the cidence of mulberry heart disease, hepatosis dietetica and associated lesions. Pigs fed soybean meal-high moisture corn diets survived fewer days than pigs fed the other diets. None of the pigs fed torula yeast-dry corn or soybean meal-high moisture corn without supplemental vitamin E-selenium survived the 13 week trial. Supplemental vitamin E-selenium increased survival of pigs. A higher incidence of hepatosis dietetica, myocardial degeneration, skeletal muscle degeneration, and exudative diathesis was observed in pigs fed torula yeast-dry corn or soybean meal-high moisture corn than pigs fed soybean meal-dry corn. Supplemental vitamin E-selenium resulted in a reduction in the incidence of the above lesions by approximately 50% with the exception of hepatosis dietetica. Tissue selenium concentration did not appear to be related to the incidence of the various lesions.     

Glycaemic indices of different varieties of rice grown in Sri Lanka

OBJECTIVE: Varieties of red raw rice are widely believed to have a better nutritional quality. The physiological effects of consuming different varieties of rice may not be so. The glycaemic index has been developed as an indicator of the physiological effect of foods. It is the glycaemic response of a 50 g carbohydrate portion of food expressed as a percentage of that of a standard. The objective of this study was to determine the glycaemic indices of different varieties of rice grown in Sri Lanka. DESIGN: Digestible carbohydrate content of 11 varieties of rice flour and bread were determined. Fasting blood samples followed by half-hourly samples for two hours were drawn after giving portions of either cooked rice or bread containing 50 g carbohydrate each. SETTING: Fibre mill in Gampaha district. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two fibre mill workers aged between 25 and 50 years. MEASUREMENTS: The area under the blood glucose curve (AUC) for varieties of rice for a subject was calculated. Average AUC of 3 values for bread were calculated. Glycaemic index of each variety of rice was determined from the above variables. RESULTS: Glycaemic indices of varieties of rice differ. The glycaemic indices of varieties of red raw rice varied between 56 and 73 and the variety Bg 350 had the lowest glycaemic index. There was no significant difference between mean glycaemic index of varieties of white raw and some varieties of red raw rice (p = 0.2). Parboiled varieties of red raw rice had a significantly lower glycaemic index than white raw rice (p = 0.04) and some of the red raw rice (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The glycaemic index cannot be predicted from the colour of the rice grain. Red parboiled varieties of rice and Bg 350 can be recommended for patients with diabetes.     

中国北方某县农村妇女产褥期行为模式研究

目的:了解农村妇女产褥期("坐月子")行为模式.方法:对1 813名产后5至10年的妇女进行回顾性问卷调查,了解其产后1个月内的行为情况.结果:在调查的农村地区,妇女在"坐月子"期间的行为发生了很大变化:90%以上的人不吃生、冷和酸的食物;90%的妇女不洗头、不洗澡;70%以上的妇女不刷牙等;这些改变是由对其中少数行为的加强和大多数行为的禁忌组成;这种加强与禁忌在产后不同时期程度不同;进一步分析发现这些行为改变不受妇女年龄与时间变化的影响,妇女的文化程度和地域对其影响也很小.结论:"坐月子"行为是对平时行为的巨大改变,这种改变涉及到衣食住行各个方面;村落文化中的生育观、疾病观以及心理因素等是"坐月子"行为广泛存在的主要原因.     

Cytogenetic changes induced by the different types of drinking water in one HCC high incidence area of P.R of China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎＰ．Ｒ．ｏｆＣｈｉｎａ，ｔｈｅｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙｏｆＨＣＣｉｓｔｈｅｔｈｉｒｄｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｏｆｃａｎｃｅｒｄｅａｔｈｓ．ＴｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓｏｎＨＣＣｉｎｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃｉｔｙ．Ｆｕ...     

Primary screening for breast diseases among 17618 women in Wufeng area, a region with high incidence of cervical cancer in China

In this study, the current status for breast diseases in a region with high-incidence of cervical cancer were epidemiologically investigated. From March to August, 2009, 17618 women, from Wufeng area of Hubei province, China, were recruited to screen breast diseases by using breast infrared diagnostic apparatus. Other diagnostic methods, such as B-mode ultrasound, X-ray mam-mography, needle biopsy and pathological examination were, if necessary, used to further confirm the diagnosis. The screening showed that 5990 of 17618 cases (34.00%) had breast diseases, 5843 (33.16%) had mammary gland hyperplasia, 48 (0.27%) had breast fibroadenoma, 11 (0.06%) had breast carcinoma, and 88 (0.50%) had other breast diseases. The peak morbidity of breast cancer was found in the women aged 50-60 ages. The morbidity of breast cancer was significantly increased in women elder than or equal to 50 years old (n=8, 0.157%) in comparison with that in the subjects younger than 50 years old (n=3, 0.024%) (u=2.327, P<0.05). It was shown that the occurrence of breast diseases was concentrated in women aged 20-40 years, while the total morbidity reached its peak at the age of 30 years and then decreased sharply after age of 40. Compared with the patients elder than or equal to 40 years old (n=3289, 27.46%), the morbidity rate of breast diseases was sig-nificantly increased in women less than 40 years old (2648 cases, 47.18%; P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the morbidity of breast diseases between the age group of 20-29 years and that of 30-39 years (P=0.453), and both of them were high. There was no significant asso-ciation between the morbidity of breast diseases and cervical cancer. Since the morbidity of breast diseases was higher among young women, more attention should be paid to the screening of breast diseases among young women for early diagnosis.     

阳江高本底放射地区1979～1995年恶性肿瘤死亡调查分析

目的 探索平均年有效剂量为６．４ｍＳｖ的广东省阳江地区天然高本底放射的致癌危险,方法 对１９７９￣１９８６年的恶性肿瘤死亡资料通过前瞻性调查从一个动脉队列来收集,对１９８７￣１９９５年资料通过回顾性调查和（或）前瞻性调查从一个固定人群队列获得。恶性肿瘤死亡资料现场调查分队列成员追踪和死因确认两步骤。个人累积剂量估算包括内照射和外照射。按以坟平均的居民年外照射剂量水平,将研究人群分为４个剂量组进行比     

Coronary risk factor prevalence in a high incidence area: results from the Belfast MONICA Project.

Northern Ireland remains at the top of the world mortality league for ischaemic heart disease. The Province is providing a centre for the World Health Organisation's MONICA Project. Registration of coronary heart disease events began in 1983 and the first of three population surveys took place in 1983-4. A total of 2,361 men and women aged 25-64 years was screened. Subjects were shorter and heavier than their fellow citizens in Great Britain. The estimated mean cholesterol levels in the 25-64-year-old population (5.80 mmol/l in males and 5.85 mmol/l in females) were similar to those reported from Great Britain. Although mean systolic blood pressures were lower, mild diastolic hypertension was considerably more common; cigarette smoking levels were similar. The results were consistent with those expected for an area with a high coronary heart disease mortality, with more than 80% of subjects being at increased risk in terms of the three major factors (cigarette smoking, hypertension and raised cholesterol). Public concern about coronary heart disease has grown and recently the Department of Health and Social Services (NI) has launched a 10-year prevention programme which will primarily employ a population approach.     

An investigation of crocidolite contamination and mesothelioma in a rural area of China

Crocidolite was found to be ubiquitous in a county in southwestern China. It had been widely used in the making of road pavement, stoves, wall paint, etc. The environmental levels of the asbestos fibers were determined. Of the 2175 local residents examined, 16 had asbestosis and 232 had pleural plaques. These clinical manifestations were noted mainly in patients over 50 years of age.     

Studies on fermented corn flour food poisoning in rural areas of China. II. Isolation and identification of causal microorganisms

Using potato dextrose agar medium, 40 strains of microorganisms were isolated from leftover fermented corn flour samples involved in outbreaks of food poisoning. All strains produced powerful toxins which caused the same intoxication to mice, dogs, and monkeys as the leftover food samples. On the basis of results obtained from the morphology of this bacteria and its colony, from biochemical tests, and from the G-C mole percentage in DNA, the bacteria was identified as Flavobacterium farinofermentans nov. sp. (Meng, Z. and Wang, D.).     

河南食管癌高发区居民食管癌和癌旁组织乙酰肝素酶mRNA表达及其临床意义

目的 :探讨河南食管癌高发区居民食管癌和癌旁组织中乙酰肝素酶mRNA表达水平及其与食管癌浸润和转移之间的关系。方法 :采用反转录PCR方法检测了食管癌高发区河南省林州市无症状居民食管上皮组织 (n =2 0 )和食管鳞癌手术切除标本的癌组织 (n =3 8)和癌旁组织 (n =3 8)中乙酰肝素酶mRNA的表达水平。结果 :癌组织 ( 68 6% )和癌旁组织 ( 62 5 % )中乙酰肝素酶mRNA表达阳性率明显高于正常食管上皮组织 ( 10 % ) ,(P <0 0 1) ,但在癌组织和癌旁组织间其表达无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;中分化癌组织 ( 70 % )和低分化癌组织 ( 77 8% )中HPAmRNA表达阳性率明显高于正常食管上皮组织 ( 10 % ) ,(P <0 0 1) ;但在中低分化癌组织间其表达无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;浸润到食管浆膜层的癌组织 ( 83 3 % )和具有局部淋巴结转移的癌组织 ( 86 7% )其表达率高于只侵及粘膜下层的癌组织 ( 4 0 % )。结论 :乙酰肝素酶mRNA在食管癌组织和癌旁组织中呈高表达 ,并与TNM临床分期关系密切 ,提示其在食管癌的浸润和转移过程中起重要作用 ,并可能是判断食管癌预后的一个重要分子指标     

长期硒碘缺乏对发育期大鼠不同脑区单胺类神经递质的影响

为模拟硒碘缺乏病区人口世代生存繁衍于低硒或联合低碘环境所致的长期损害,尤其是对子代儿童所致的智力损害,我们与多方学者共同合作建立了人工膳食低硒低碘喂养繁殖的SD大鼠动物模型,并历时近两年繁衍至仔四代。在本模型仔三代时大鼠已经表现出不同程度神经行为发育延迟和Morris水迷宫的空间学习记忆能力降低等变化。由于学习记忆等脑功能衰退可能反映为多种神经递质更新率下降、含量减少,因此,本研究对仔四代发育期大鼠不同脑区单胺类神经递质水平进行了测定,拟求初步探讨其脑功能损害的神经生化机制。     

Fermented corn flour poisoning in rural areas of China. III. Isolation and identification of main toxin produced by causal microorganisms

Flavotoxin A was isolated from Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans culture in semisolid potato-dextrose-agar medium, which was isolated from fermented corn meal that had caused food poisoning outbreaks in China. The isolation, purification, and chemical structure of this toxin were studied. The NMR spectra, the uv spectra, and molar extinction coefficients, and the mass spectra of Flavotoxin A are in good agreement with those reported for bongkrekic acid. Therefore, Flavotoxin A and bongkrekic acid are the same organic chemical compound; the molecular formula is C28H38O7. The oral LD50 of the purified Flavotoxin A in mice was 3.16 mg/kg (1.53-6.15 mg/kg). The existence of bongkrekic acid in toxic fermented corn samples collected during food poisoning outbreaks was also confirmed. It is concluded that bongkrekic acid has played an important role in the outbreaks of fermented corn poisoning.     

关于我国目前区域教育差距的问题与思考

我国目前区域教育发展中存在的突出问题是教育中相对较大的地域差别、城乡差别和阶层差别，提出缩小我国区域教育差距的主要措施是尊重区域教育发展规律，贯彻促进受教育者利益最大化等原则。努力建构符合我国国情的区域教育治理理念和政策，对实现国民教育可持续发展意义重大。