A rapid method of inducing amyloidosis in mice

A new modification of the casein model of amyloidosis in mice is suggested, whereby the time for development of amyloidosis is reduced to 5–10 days.Laboratory of General Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 634–635, May, 1978.     

Changes in resistance of partially hepatectomized mice to transplantable tumors in the final stage of regeneration of the liver

When an ascites form of hepatoma 22a was transplanted intraperitoneally into A/he mice 1–12 days after partial hepatectomy two periods of inhibition of its growth were observed. The first 24 h after the operation and the second 3–10 days later. Animals most resistant to transplantation of this particular tumor (5–8 days after transplantation of sarcoma 37 and Ehrlich's adenocarcinoma.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 326–328, March, 1977.     

Investigation of the effect of certain chlorinated hydrocarbons on the composition of the hepatocyte population of the rat liver

Hepatocytes in the liver of albino rats poisoned by inhalation of dichloropropane and trichloropropane were investigated cytophotometrically and karyometrically. With respect to the effect on polyploidization of the hepatocyte nuclei trichloropropane was found to be more toxic than dichloropropane. The development of polyploidization is determined by the dose of the toxic agent and the exposure to it: The smaller the dose the shorter the time required for the effect to take place.Laboratory of Morphology, A. N. Sysin Institute of General and Communal Hygiene, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Cytology, N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 345–348, March, 1977.     

An instrument for quantitative analysis of total pulsed activity

The scheme and principle of operation are given of an instrument which analyzes the total electrical activity of nerves and which works on the frequency meter principle; the instrument incorporates integral elements, its circuit is simple, and its characteristics linear.P. K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Institute for Problems in Information Transmission, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.) Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 631–632, May, 1978.     

Ability of cells of the regenerating spleen to effect the graft versus host reaction

The ability of cells of the regenerating (after single or twice repeated resection) and intact spleen of mice to induce the graft versus host reaction was studied by two methods. The regenerating spleen was shown to be less capable than the intact of bringing about this reaction.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. I. M. Sechenov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 373–374, March, 1976.     

Electron-cytochemical and morphometric investigation of enzyme activity in thyrocyte mitochondria during carcinogenesis

Activity of cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondria of thyroid gland cells of rats was studied by electron-histochemical and morphometric methods during experimental carcinogenesis. The activity of these enzymes in the mitochondria was shown to vary depending on the stage of malignant transformation: In the early stages it was close to normal, but later (precancer) it fell sharply and approached the level observed in the mitochondria of cancer cells. A marked decrease in the activity of the enzymes studied in the morphologically altered mitochondria of cancer cells may be a qualitative characteristic of these cells.Electron Microscopy Room, N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Poliomyelitis and Virus Encephalitis, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 452–455, April, 1977.     

Serum antibodies against heart valve fibroblasts in patients with rheumatic fever

Antibodies reacting in immunofluorescence tests with human and bovine heart valve fibroblasts were isolated from the serum of patients with rheumatic fever by means of an immunosorbent prepared from human heart valve tissues. The antibodies did not react with fibroblasts of the interstitial connective tissue of the myocardium. Fibroblasts of the myocardium and valves are evidently antigenically different, whereas fibroblasts of human and bovine heart valves have common antigens.Laboratory of Streptococcal Infections, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Rheumatism, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Baroyan.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 315–317 March, 1977.     

Effect of cultivation temperature on blast transformation of lymphocytes from people of different ages

The effect of the cultivation temperature on blast transformation of lymphocytes from persons aged 20–35 and 90–102 years induced by phytohemagglutinin was studied. Cultivation at 39°C was found to increase, but at 41°C to reduce sharply the index of blast transformation compared with the control (37°C). The effect of cultivation temperature on the blast-transformation process has certain features which depend on the donors' age.Institute of Gerontology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Kiev. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. F. Chebotarev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 470–472, April, 1977.     

Morphological and functional study of experimental staphylococcal and pyocyanea infection in rats receiving dalargin,a synthetic endogenous opioid analog

A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 9, pp. 317–321, September, 1991.     

Some kinetic features of membrane-bound monoamine oxidase

Initial reaction-velocity versus substrate-concentration curves for serotonin oxidation catalyzed by monoamine oxidase (MAO) from fragments of rat liver or bovine brain mitochondrial membranes have a complex, nonhyperbolic shape; this is regarded as a kinetic manifestation of substrate cooperativeness for membrane-bound MAO. The possibility of interaction between different types of MAO based on conformational changes in the membrane itself is discussed.Scientific-Research Institute for Biological Trials of Chemical Compounds, Ministry of the Medical Industry of the USSR. Institute of Biological Medical Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. All-Union Vitamin Scientific-Research Institute, Ministry of the Medical Industry of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Orekhovich.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 288–289, March, 1977.     

Improved histochemical method of demonstrating open capillaries

A modification of Pickworth's method for demonstrating open capillaries is described. The distinguishing feature of this method is freezing the organ in situ with liquid propane, cooled with liquid nitrogen, followed by lyophilization of the specimen and fixation with gaseous formaldehyde. The sections are stained strictly in accordance with Pickworth's method.Laboratory of Biophysics and Pathophysiology of the Circulation, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 377–379, September, 1977.     

Mechanism of disturbances of energy formation in acute ischemia of the liver

Respiration of rat liver mitochondria after the addition of ischemic toxin to the incubation medium was compared with respiration of mitochondria isolated from ischemic rat liver. The changes in respiration in both cases could be prevented by preliminary addition of dithiothreitol and reduced by subsequent addition of cytochrome c or dithiothreitol to the incubation medium. The similarity between the mechanisms of disturbance of energy formation is postulated.Laboratory of Transplantation of Organs and Tissues, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Kovanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 301–303, September, 1977.     

Preparation of paraffin sections for immunofluorescence analysis of antigens differing in their chemical nature

A technique is suggested for preparing paraffin sections from tissues fixed with acetone which can be used for the immunohistochemical detection of antigens which differ in their chemical nature, including -fetoprotein, antigens of mouse leukemia viruses, alcohol-soluble antigens of hepatocyte membranes, and certain phospholipids.Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Diagnosis of Tumors, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, N. N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. V. Vygodchikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 1018–1020, August, 1976.     

Fertilization and cleavage of the human ovumin vitro

A method of cultivating and fertilizing human ova obtained from ovaries removed at operation is described. A special method of sampling active spermatozoa was used for fertilization. Zygote formation was observed 24–36 h after fertilization of the ripe ova, an embryo of the two-cell stage was formed after 36–40 h, and an embryo at the four-cell stage after 48 h. The number of blastomeres reached 8 after 60–64 h, and after approximately 100–120 h the embryos reached the morula stage. The results provide wide scope for the study of the physiology and pathology of early human embryonic development.Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. G. Baranov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 375–377, March, 1976.     

Changes in the pancreas following repeated exposure to transverse radial acceleration

The histological and morphometric study of the pancreas in dogs exposed repeatedly to transverse radial acceleration revealed changes indicative of the development of pancreatic atrophy.Laboratory of Experimental Pathomorphology and Ultrastructural Characteristics of Pathological Processes, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 374–377, March, 1977.     

Electron-cytochemical investigation of acid phosphatase in the brain after death

Acid phosphatase activity was detected by an electron-cytochemical method in the rat and human brain. The lysosomes and lipofuscin granules were found to possess enzyme activity. The use of postmortem material showed that the localization of acid phosphatase is unchanged in the late stages after death.Laboratory of Experimental Pathology and Pathomorphology of the Brain, Institute of Psychiatry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Snezhnevskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 231–233, February, 1977.     

Changes in sialic acid content in the intestinal tissues of animals vaccinated with living poliomyelitis vaccine

A single oral administration of living poliomyelitis vaccine of immunologic type II (Sabin strain) to albino mice weighing 12–14 g is followed by an increase in the free sialic acid content from the 5th to the 20th days and in the bound sialic acid content from the 20th to the 45th day from the beginning of immunization in the small intestine of the vaccinated animals.Laboratory of Immunopathology, D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. M. Zhdanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 298–299, March, 1976.     

State of the nutritive circulation in rats after prolonged hypokinesia

After prolonged hypokinesia for 80–100 days considerable disturbances of the nutritive circulation were observed in experiments on rats: reduction of the network of true capillaries, emptying of the terminal arteries and arterioles, direction of the terminal blood flow mainly along the developing network of arteriovenous anastomoses, by-passing the nutritive vessels. A tendency was noted for the buffer bases to be low in the venous blood and for respiratory alkalosis to be present in the arterial blood. The hemorheological stages were not significant.Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Extremal States, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 403–405, April, 1977.     

Specificity of the toxic genetic action of carcinogenic aromatic compounds on mus-mutant strains ofDrosophila

Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, All-Union Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Trapeznikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 11, pp. 521–523, November, 1991.     

Experimental model of a secondary pacemaker center of feeding motivation

The possibility of simulating the functions of the feeding motivation pacemaker by various structures of the limbico-reticular complex was studied in chronic experiments on rabbits. In response to combined stimulation of the feeding center of the lateral hypopthalamus and various formations of the limbico-reticular complex, a secondary pacemaker of feeding motivation excitation was shown to be formed only in the mesencephalic reticular formation.P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Department of Normal Physiology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute. Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 515–517, November, 1978.