颈动脉海绵窦瘘的眼部表现与血管内治疗

目的：分析颈动脉海棉窦瘘的眼部临床特点，评价血管内治疗的效果。方法：回顾分析126例经全脑血管造影证实为颈动脉海绵窦瘘患的病史、眼部表现、临床特点及进行的可脱性球囊栓塞治疗。结果：手术1次性栓塞成功112例(88．9％)，14例行2次栓塞。术后无并发症。98例视力较术前提高1～4行(国际标准视力表)。术后眼部淤血肿胀、眼球突出度均明显减轻或消失，眼球运动恢复正常，复视消失，视网膜出血吸收。眼部血管杂音全部消失，术后脑血管造影，瘘口均封闭。结论：对于颈动脉海绵窦瘘应及时治疗，尽快改善眼部淤血状态，以利于视功能恢复。血管内栓塞是目前治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘最为理想的方法。     

首诊于眼科的颈动脉海绵窦瘘7例回顾性分析

目的 探讨颈动脉海绵窦瘘眼部表现特点及诊断要点。方法 回顾分析5年中7例首诊于我科的外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘者的眼部症状及体征、影像学检查、治疗方法等。所有病例中最常见的眼部表现为搏动性眼球突出、球结膜高度充血水肿、眼压升高等。CT或MRI检查所有病例均显示眼上静脉扩张和海绵窦增宽,数字减影血管造影检查明确诊断。结果 7例行血管内介入栓塞治疗均一次成功,眼部症状和体征得到明显改善。结论 在临床工作中,对于可疑病例,应考虑颈动脉海绵窦瘘的可能,血管造影是该病诊断的金标准,血管内介入栓塞治疗对颈动脉海绵窦瘘是有效的。     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的眼部表现与血管内治疗

目的 分析颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床特点。评价血管内治疗的效果。方法 回顾分析１２例经全盘离血管造影证实为颈内动态海绵窦瘘患者的病史、眼部表现、临床检查的特点及进行可脱性球囊栓塞的疗效。结果 １２例患者１次栓塞成功者１０例（８３．３％）,２例行２次栓塞,术后无并发症,１例术前失明,术后１ｗｋ视力恢复至眼前手动。１０例视力较术前提高１～４行（Ｓｎｅｌｌｅｎ表）。术后眼部瘀血肿胀、眼球突出度均明显减轻或消失。眼球运动恢复正常,复视消失,视网膜出血吸收,眼部血管杂音全部消失。术后全脑血管造影复查,瘘口均封闭。结论 对于颈内动脉海绵窦瘘应及时治疗,尽快恢复视功能。彩色多普勒超声、ＣＴ、ＤＳＡ是诊断本病的常用手段。血管内栓塞是目前治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘最为理想的方法。     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘8例分析

目的探讨外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)的临床特点及血管内栓塞治疗的价值与效果。方法回顾性地分析8例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘患者的眼部表现、影像学特点及血管内栓塞治疗情况。结果8例患者均诊断正确。8例TCCF通过DSA技术,采用可脱性球囊行血管内栓塞治疗,7例成功(成功率87.5%),1例采用弹簧圈堵塞近瘘口处血管。治疗后全部病例均获成功,临床症状和体征消失,无1例复发。结论特征性眼部表现及超声、CT、MRI可确诊TCCF,DSA检查及血管内栓塞技术是目前TCCF最理想的诊断和治疗方法。     

栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘的良好效果(英文)

目的:报告外伤后颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者应用螺圈栓塞的成功经验。方法:连续病例。结果:两名颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)患者成功接受了螺圈栓塞治疗。他们分别在机动车事故后2wk和4mo出现CCF的临床症状。一名患者视力良好但眼内压(IOP)升高,另一名则视力低下伴有临界眼内压。CCF的诊断均得到脑血管造影证实,采用螺圈栓塞治疗后两名患者视力恢复正常,在未用任何抗青光眼药物前提下眼压降至正常范围。CCF的症状诸如眼球突出,眼肌麻痹,结膜充血水肿,眼眶杂音及眼底改变也随之消失。结论:颈动脉海绵窦瘘宜早诊断和治疗以避免发生视力丧失严重并发症的发生,血管内栓塞是当代治疗选择。     

栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘的良好效果

目的：报告外伤后颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者应用螺圈栓塞的成功经验。 方法：连续病例。 结果：两名颈动脉海绵窦瘘（CCF）患者成功接受了螺圈栓塞治疗。他们分别在机动车事故后2wk和4mo出现CCF的临床症状。一名患者视力良好但眼内压（10P）升高，另一名则视力低下伴有临界眼内压。CCF的诊断均得到脑血管造影证实，采用螺圈栓塞治疗后两名患者视力恢复正常，在未用任何抗青光眼药物前提下眼压降至正常范围。CCF的症状诸如眼球突出，眼肌麻痹，结膜充血水肿，眼眶杂音及眼底改变也随之消失。 结论：颈动脉海绵窦瘘宜早诊断和治疗以避免发生视力丧失严重并发症的发生，血管内栓塞是当代治疗选择。     

自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘眼部表现的临床分析

目的:探讨自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘眼部表现特点及诊断要点,提高对该病的认识,减少临床漏诊、误诊。方法:回顾分析14例就诊于我院的自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者的眼部症状及体征、影像学检查、治疗方法等。结果:所选14例病例中最常见的眼部表现为眼球突出(100%)、结膜及浅层巩膜充血扩张(93%)。行CT或MRI检查的12例病例中,眼上静脉增粗者9例,海绵窦增宽或高信号者6例。4例行栓塞治疗者眼部症状和体征得到明显改善。结论:自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的眼部临床谱广泛多样,特征性眼部表现结合影像学检查可有效提高诊断。栓塞治疗对改善眼部表现效果明显。     

外伤性颈动脉-海绵窦瘘诊断及血管内栓治疗

目的：探讨利用介入神经放射技术对外伤性颈动脉－海绵窦瘘在眼科的诊断和治疗的应用价值。方法：对外伤性颈动脉－海绵窦瘘高度怀疑的病人,利用德国产MULTISTAR PLUS／TOP数字减影血管造影仪,经股动脉插管选择性全脑血管造影,明确诊断及瘘口部位,行血管内可脱性球囊栓塞治疗。结果：眼部及颅内血管杂音消失,眼部充血明显好转,突眼恢复正常,眼球运动功能明显改善,眼底视盘清晰,例一视神经萎缩视力无提高,例二视力无进一步损害。结论：明确的颅脑外伤史,特征性的眼部表现,先进的介入神经放射技术的利用,是眼科诊断和治疗外伤性颈动脉－海绵窦瘘的有效的方法。     

首诊于眼科的颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床分析和鉴别诊断

目的:分析首诊于眼科的颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid cavernous fistula,CCF)的临床特征和鉴别诊断,提高眼科医师对该病的诊断和治疗水平。方法:病例回顾性研究。回顾11例首诊于眼科的CCF的临床表现、诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗。结果:其中9例有不同程度的外伤史,眼部临床表现以搏动性突眼为特征,易误诊为眼眶炎性假瘤、眶内动脉瘤以及甲状腺相关性眼病等。经DSA确诊后血管内球囊栓塞治疗可获得较好疗效。结论:眼科医师应该加强对该病的认识,认真询问病史,结合特征性的临床表现以及脑血管造影检查可提高该病的诊断率。血管内栓塞治疗是CCF的首选,效果肯定。     

直接外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘1例

一位14岁的马来男童发生车祸,身体多处受伤。患者因眶周血肿转交眼科,眼部检查正常,但发现右眼眼球突出,后来伴随眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)增加。经血管造影诊断为直接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid cavernous sinus fistula,CCF)并给予栓塞治疗。     

外伤性搏动性眼球突出的可脱性球囊栓塞手术

目的 探讨外伤性搏动性眼球突出(颈动脉海绵窦瘘)使用可脱性球囊介入手术栓塞治疗的方法、结果和技术特点。方法 分析应用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗的外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘19例，数字影像监测下采用可脱性球囊闭塞瘘口或闭塞患侧颈内动脉。结果 19例中，15例(78．9％)保持了颈内动脉通肠、4例(21．1％)闭塞了颈内动脉，术后临床症状逐渐消失：结论 应用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘是目前最理想的治疗方法，具有手术创伤小、安全性高和疗效可靠等优点。     

颈动脉一海绵窦瘘

目的：探讨31例TCCF及5例SCCF的临床特点与疗效。方法：回顾性地分析该病的诊断和治疗方法。结果：24例TCCF经血管内栓塞治疗后有22例。症状及体征消退，瘘口消失(治愈率91．7％)。好转2例(8．3％)，症状和体征减轻，瘘口基本闭塞。5例SCCF经保守治疗。效果良好。结论：DSA检查及血管内栓塞技术是较理想的诊断及治疗方法。     

Carotid-cavernous and orbital arteriovenous fistulas: ocular features,diagnostic and hemodynamic considerations in relation to visual impairment and morbidity

The author investigated 101 cases with direct dural carotid-cavernous and orbital arteriovenous fistulas (CCF). The characteristic clinical findings, such as specific epibulbar arterialized loops, are described and the differential diagnosis of the striking diagnostic triad (exophthalmos, the above-mentioned loops and glaucoma) is discussed, together with the exclusion criteria for other causes of red eyes, episcleral measurements and blood flow. The results of various diagnostic procedures, such as ultrasonography, Doppler hematotachography and color Doppler of the orbit and carotid systems, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, and of conservative treatment and embolization processes are dealt with successively.The classification of different types of carotid-cavernous fistulas is presented, together with the clinical signs in relation to morbidity and mortality during or after conservative or intervention therapies.The importance of patient follow-up, in the clinic as well as with Doppler methods, is emphasized in order to differentiate a progressive or diminished clinical condition caused by spontaneous thrombosis in the healing process or more arteriovenous flow. A ‘decision tree’ for use in daily practice is provided. In this study, of the 101 cases in which the localization was diagnosed by angiography, 42 were direct (30 traumatic, 12 spontaneous), 31 were dural (3 traumatic, 28 spontaneous) and 10 were orbital CCFs. In 18 other cases, usually dural or orbital shunts, angiography was not performed. For the management of 42 direct fistulas, conservative treatment was used in 12 cases (7 with success; 58%) and balloon embolization was performed in 18 cases (17 with success; 94.5%); the other cases were treated by direct or indirect surgery. Of the 48 (spontaneous and traumatic) dural fistulas, 39 were treated conservatively (32 recovered or were much improved: 82%, of the total cases, 67%). All seven cases in which embolization was performed were cured and/or much improved. In two cases, one fistula was conservatively treated while one was embolized at another location, both with success. Of the 10 orbital arteriovenous shunts showing signs of dural fistulas, the features disappeared in 8 cases, although after a much longer follow-up period than for the typical dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas; in one patient, direct surgery was performed successfully and in one patient the original, non-progressive, orbital features could still be observed.     

Carotid-cavernous and orbital arteriovenous fistulas: ocular features,diagnostic and hemodynamic considerations in relation to visual impairment and morbidity

The author investigated 101 cases with direct dural carotid-cavernous and orbital arteriovenous fistulas (CCF). The characteristic clinical findings, such as specific epibulbar arterialized loops, are described and the differential diagnosis of the striking diagnostic triad (exophthalmos, the above-mentioned loops and glaucoma) is discussed, together with the exclusion criteria for other causes of red eyes, episcleral measurements and blood flow. The results of various diagnostic procedures, such as ultrasonography, Doppler hematotachography and color Doppler of the orbit and carotid systems, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, and of conservative treatment and embolization processes are dealt with successively. The classification of different types of carotid-cavernous fistulas is presented,(1-3) together with the clinical signs in relation to morbidity and mortality during or after conservative or intervention therapies. The importance of patient follow-up, in the clinic as well as with Doppler methods, is emphasized in order to differentiate a progressive or diminished clinical condition caused by spontaneous thrombosis in the healing process or more arteriovenous flow. A 'decision tree' for use in daily practice is provided. In this study, of the 101 cases in which the localization was diagnosed by angiography, 42 were direct (30 traumatic, 12 spontaneous), 31 were dural (3 traumatic, 28 spontaneous) and 10 were orbital CCFs. In 18 other cases, usually dural or orbital shunts, angiography was not performed. For the management of 42 direct fistulas, conservative treatment was used in 12 cases (7 with success; 58%) and balloon embolization was performed in 18 cases (17 with success; 94.5%); the other cases were treated by direct or indirect surgery. Of the 48 (spontaneous and traumatic) dural fistulas, 39 were treated conservatively (32 recovered or were much improved: 82%, of the total cases, 67%). All seven cases in which embolization was performed were cured and/or much improved. In two cases, one fistula was conservatively treated while one was embolized at another location, both with success. Of the 10 orbital arteriovenous shunts showing signs of dural fistulas, the features disappeared in 8 cases, although after a much longer follow-up period than for the typical dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas; in one patient, direct surgery was performed successfully and in one patient the original, non-progressive, orbital features could still be observed.     

Clinical and multimodal imaging features of acute macular neuroretinopathy lesions following recent SARS-CoV-2 infection

AIM: To describe the clinical characteristics of eyes using multimodal imaging features with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) lesions following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. METHODS: Retrospective case series study. From December 18, 2022 to February 14, 2023, previously healthy cases within 1-week infection with SARS-CoV-2 and examined at Tianjin Eye Hospital to confirm the diagnosis of AMN were included in the study. Totally 5 males and 9 females [mean age: 29.93±10.32 (16-49)y] were presented for reduced vision, with or without blurred vision. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, slit lamp microscopy, indirect fundoscopy. Simultaneously, multimodal imagings fundus photography (45° or 200° field of view) was performed in 7 cases (14 eyes). Near infrared (NIR) fundus photography was performed in 9 cases (18 eyes), optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 5 cases (10 eyes), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in 9 cases (18 eyes), and fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) in 3 cases (6 eyes). Visual field was performed in 1 case (2 eyes). RESULTS: Multimodal imaging findings data from 14 patients with AMN were reviewed. All eyes demonstrated different extent hyperreflective lesions at the level of the inner nuclear layer and/or outer plexus layer on OCT or OCTA. Fundus photography (45° or 200° field of view) showed irregular hypo-reflective lesion around the fovea in 7 cases (14 eyes). OCTA demonstrated that the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) vascular density, deep capillary plexus (DCP) vascular density and choriocapillaris (CC) vascular density was reduced in 9 case (18 eyes). Among the follow-up cases (2 cases), vascular density increased in 1 case with elevated BCVA; another case has vascular density decrease in one eye and basically unchanged in other eye. En face images of the ellipsoidal zone and interdigitation zone injury showed a low wedge-shaped reflection contour appearance. NIR image mainly show the absence of the outer retinal interdigitation zone in AMN. No abnormal fluorescence was observed in FFA. Corresponding partial defect of the visual field were visualized via perimeter in one case. CONCLUSION: The morbidity of SARS-CoV-2 infection with AMN is increased. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the possible, albeit rare, AMN after SARS-CoV-2 infection and focus on multimodal imaging features. OCT, OCTA, and infrared fundus phase are proved to be valuable tools for detection of AMN in patients with SARS-CoV-2.     

眼肌麻痹的临床表现分析

目的观察眼肌麻痹患者的临床表现,探讨其发病机制。方法回顾性病例研究。收集本科2009年3月~2012年5月37例(41眼)眼肌麻痹患者的相关资料,包括病史、视力、瞳孔、眼底、眼睑、眼球运动、代偿头位、视野、同视机、眼肌超声、颈动脉和球后多普勒超声、眼眶断层扫描(CT)、头部断层扫描血管成像(CTA)、头部磁共振成像(MRI)及纵隔CT检查以及血液生物化学和免疫学检查。结果本组眼肌麻痹患者中,既往有糖尿病史者12例、高血压病史者15例、高血脂病史者11例、心脏病病史者9例、缺血性脑血管病史者4例、甲亢病史者1例。眼球运动受限检查:水平方向受限17例(20眼),垂直方向受限16例(16眼),水平和垂直方向都受限4例(5眼)。微血管缺血性病变引起的眼肌麻痹患者具有较高比例的糖尿病、心脑血管疾病史,同时伴有球后血流速度减低、颈动脉狭窄和斑块形成;特发性颅内压增高患者具备双眼视盘水肿、眼球水平运动受限和视野生理盲点扩大;颅内垂体肿瘤压迫导致眼肌麻痹伴双眼视神经萎缩;甲状腺相关眼病引起的眼肌麻痹者可发现双侧多条眼肌肥厚。结论眼肌麻痹患者的临床表现复杂多样,应进行详细的眼科检查和影像学检查,寻找原发病因,才能进行有针对性的治疗。