Sysmex不同型号血细胞分析仪检测结果的比对分析和偏倚评估

目的探讨Sysmex两台不同型号血细胞分析仪检测结果的可比性和临床可接受性。方法按照美国临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)颁布的EP9-A2文件要求,以Sysmex XE-2100D血细胞分析仪为参考仪器,Sysmex XE-2100为比对仪器,每天随机选取8份新鲜全血标本,分别检测白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(Hb)、血小板计数(PLT)及血细胞比容(HCT)5项常规指标,连续测量5d,记录测定值,进行F检验并计算相关系数、线性回归方程及相对偏倚,从而判断两台血细胞分析仪检测结果是否具有可比性。结果两台血细胞分析仪检测结果之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且具有良好的相关性(R20.95),5个项目医学决定水平的相对偏倚均小于1/2美国临床实验室改进修正法案88(CLIA′88)最大允许误差(Ea)。结论该中心两台血细胞分析仪检测结果具有可比性,为临床所接受,可实现检测结果的互通,满足了ISO15189对实验室提出的要求。     

迈瑞BC6600型与BC5600型血细胞分析仪比对结果分析

目的对迈瑞全自动血细胞分析仪BC6600与BC5600进行日常比对,验证其检验结果的一致性,为临床提供准确的检验结果。方法按照NCCLS EP9-A2文件要求,以可溯源的BC6600血细胞分析仪为比对方法,以BC5600血细胞分析仪为试验方法,用新鲜全血对白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板计数4个项目进行检测,计算相关系数(r)和直线回归方程,评价2台仪器间的一致性。结果 2台仪器具有良好的相关性,r0.975,试验仪器在各项医学决定水平处的相对偏差CLIA′88允许误差1/2标准。结论 2台仪器具有可比性,在临床上可以交替使用。     

铜陵地区三级医疗机构某品牌血细胞分析仪结果比对和偏倚评估

目的对铜陵地区三级医疗机构Sysmex公司生产的血细胞分析仪进行结果比对和偏倚评估,使检测结果可比、互通。方法参考美国临床和实验室标准化委员会EP9-A2文件的要求,试验采用患者新鲜全血样品在参考仪器(A)和测试仪器(B、C、D、E、F)对白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血小板计数(PLT)5项指标进行检测,制作散点图和偏倚图,计算回归方程、相关系数(r)、相对偏倚、预期偏倚和其95%的可信区间,评估结果之间的可比性。结果参考仪器和5套测试仪器的WBC、RBC、PLT、Hb和HCT 5项指标检测结果经F检验,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);各参数测定结果之间相关性密切(r≥0.975),一致性良好;B、C、D、F仪器的相对偏倚和预期偏倚在允许范围内。测试仪器E的PLT低值结果相对偏倚(12.61%)超出美国临床实验室改进法案修正案质量要求的1/2EA(12.5%),但其预期偏倚可信区间的上限小于可接受偏倚,结果仍可为临床接受。结论实验室间相同品牌血细胞分析系统对新鲜抗凝全血的比对试验通过;检验人员应定期对检测结果进行比对和偏倚评估,保证同地区检测结果间的可比性和互通性。     

两台血细胞分析仪检测结果间的比对分析

目的 通过对不同血细胞分析仪检测结果的比对,实现同一实验室不同仪器间检测结果的一致性和可比性.方法 将使用性能良好、规范化操作的雅培CD3700血细胞分析仪(2号机)作为参比仪器,另一台雅培CD3700血细胞分析仪(1号机)作为实验仪器,2台仪器进行性能评价,校准后每个项目按照美国国家临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)EP9-A2文件要求,使用40份不同浓度新鲜血标本进行比对,计算2台仪器间的相关性和相对偏倚,按照中国<医疗机构临床实验室管理办法>中对不同检测系统间比对的要求,判断在不同医学决定水平两个检测系统间检测结果的偏倚是否在可接受范围.结果 2台仪器间白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hbg)、血细胞比容(Hct)、血小板计数(Plt)相关性和相对偏差均在可接受范围内.结论 2台血细胞分析仪检测结果具有可比性,并且在医学决定水平范围内具有可比性.     

不同浓度新鲜全血对多台血细胞分析仪的比对评价

目的 采取不同浓度新鲜全血,对多台血细胞分析仪进行比对,使不同血细胞分析仪之间的参数具有可比性.方法 用COULTER STKS血细胞分析仪作为靶机,对不同浓度新鲜全血进行定值,分别对COULTER HMX和迈瑞BC 5500及迈瑞BC 3000血细胞分析仪进行比对.结果 3台血细胞分析仪比对前偏倚超过允许范围的参数占8.9%(4/45),调试后比对偏倚超过允许范围的参数占2.2%(1/45).结论 比对后参数之间可比性增加,提高了不同仪器间检测结果 的水平.     

同型号全自动血细胞分析系统检测结果的比对分析和偏倚评估

目的：对两台同型号全自动血细胞分析系统 Sysmex XT-2000i 的检测结果进行比对分析和偏倚评估,实现结果的互通。方法参考美国临床实验室标准化委员会（NCCLS）EP9-A2文件的要求,采用参考仪器和测试仪器对患者新鲜全血白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、红细胞比容（HCT ）、血小板（PLT ）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）6项指标进行检测,制作散点图,计算回归方程、相关系数（r2）、预期偏倚和95％置信区间相对偏倚。以美国临床实验室改进法案修正案（CLIA′88）中规定允许误差（Ea）的1/2为标准,评估结果之间的可比性。结果两系统的批内精密度良好,WBC 、RBC 、HGB 、HCT 、PLT 、MCV6项指标的 r2分别为0．9987,0．9933,0．9967,0．9968,0．9945,0．9919,r2均大于0．95,两者总的相关性良好。检测系统各项目医学决定水平的相对偏倚均小于1/2 Ea ,结果可被临床接受。结论本实验室内两台同型号全自动血细胞分析系统 Sysmex XT-2000i 检测结果相关性良好,可实现检测结果的互通。     

新鲜血室间质评九年回顾与总结

目的 分析九年来血液细胞分析仪新鲜全血室间质评数据,为血液细胞分析仪检测结果在实验室间的互认提供可行性依据.方法 采用新鲜全血校准品对血液细胞分析仪进行校准,用新鲜全血质控品进行室间质量评价.结果 在新鲜血质控品中红细胞、血红蛋白测定两项参数相对稳定,白细胞、血小板计数及血细胞比容测定偏倚较大,特别是血小板计数,由于其偏倚允许范围达25%,其结果失去了互认价值.结论 新鲜全血质控品各参数偏倚标准相差悬殊,红细胞和血红蛋白测定动态偏倚相对稳定,在血液细胞分析仪经统一校准和比对后的检测结果进行互认具有一定的价值.     

迈瑞BC-5390与Sysmex XN-10两台血细胞分析仪新鲜血检测结果的比对分析

目的通过对实验室两台不同品牌的血细胞分析仪新鲜血检测结果进行比对分析,了解两台仪器检测结果的相关性和一致性,提高实验室检测结果的准确性。方法以Sysmex XN-10血细胞分析仪为参比仪器,随机选取高、中、低值EDTA-K2抗凝新鲜血标本共10例分别在迈瑞BC-5390与Sysmex XN-10全自动血细胞分析仪进行检测,对两台仪器的全血细胞计数包括白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血小板(PLT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)共8项检测结果进行比对和相关性分析。结果 8个检测项目仪器间检测结果的相关系数r值均0.975,各项目相对偏差符合率≥80%,结果差异无统计学意义(P0.05),比对结果显示两台血细胞分析仪具有良好的相关性。结论两台不同品牌的血细胞分析仪8项检测结果存在可比性,可应用于临床检测工作。     

几种血细胞分析仪结果的比对和质控

目的 为了对不同血细胞分析仪结果进行比对和质量控制。方法 每天随机选取高中、低值病人８例,共分析６ｄ。先将ＮＥ－１５００与手工法计数比对,再以ＮＥ－１５００评价本室其他５台血细胞分析仪结果「ＷＢＣ、ＲＢＣ、血红蛋白（ＨＧＢ）、红细胞比积（ＨＣＴ）」,同时还用新鲜全血对各台血细胞分析仪进行质控「ＷＢＣ、ＲＢＣ、ＨＧＢ、ＨＣＴ、平均红细胞容积（ＭＣＶ）、血小板（ＰＬＴ）」。结果 新鲜全血的质控结果显示     

同一厂家不同型号血液分析仪检测结果的可比性研究

目的探讨同一厂家不同型号血液分析仪测定结果的可比性,保证血细胞分析仪检测结果的准确性和稳定性。方法选取白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白及血小板计数高、中、低值标本各20份,在已经校准的参比仪器上进行比对试验。结果参比的2台仪器具有良好的相关性,相关系数均大于0．975;2台仪器的检测结果比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,分析参数基本达到各自技术指标范围。结论在保证参照系统结果准确、稳定的前提下,定期对仪器进行新鲜全血的比对试验,建立有效的校准程序,对于做好日常质控程序和室间质评很有帮助。     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.