参莲颗粒抗突变和抑瘤作用研究

目的:研究参莲颗粒的抗突变和抑瘤作用。方法:以小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验和睾丸染色体畸变实验观察参莲颗粒的抗突变作用;并观察参莲颗粒对S180和H22移植性肿瘤的抑制作用。结果:参莲颗粒对环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓细胞微核发生和丝裂霉素诱发的小鼠睾丸细胞染色体畸变均有显著的抑制效果;对S180和H22移植性肿瘤的生长有显著的抑制作用。结论:参莲颗粒对体细胞和生殖细胞的DNA损伤均有保护作用,对小鼠移植性肿瘤有较好的抑制作用。     

仙鹤草抗突变和抑制肿瘤作用实验研究

目的:对仙鹤草的抗突变和抗肿瘤作用进行研究,为开发仙鹤草的保健作用提供依据。方法:以小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验和睾丸染色体畸变实验观察仙鹤草的抗突变作用,以S-180和H-22移植性肿瘤观察仙鹤草的抗肿瘤效果。结果:仙鹤草对环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓细胞微核发生和丝裂霉素诱发的小鼠睾丸细胞染色体畸变均有明显的抑制效果。对S-180和H-22小鼠移植性肿瘤生长也有明显的抑制作用。结论:仙鹤草对体细胞和生殖细胞的DNA损伤均有保护作用,对小鼠移植性肿瘤也有一定的抑瘤作用。     

核桃楸树皮水提取物抗突变和抑瘤作用研究

目的 研究核桃楸树皮水提取物的抗突变和抑瘤作用.方法 以小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验,观察核桃楸树皮水提取物的抗突变作用;以S-180和H-22移植性肿瘤观察其抑瘤效果.结果 核桃楸树皮水提取物高、低剂量组和环磷酰胺阳性对照组的微核率分别为17.6‰、25.3.5‰、35.7‰;核桃楸树皮水提取物高、低...     

五味子多糖的抗突变作用研究

目的:研究五味子多糖对环磷酰胺(CP)致小鼠微核率、染色体畸变率改变的影响,以探讨其对突变的拮抗作用。方法:50只小鼠随机分成5组,连续7d给予不同剂量的五味子多糖,于第8天给予环磷酰胺,之后取骨髓常规制片,光学显微镜观察计数微核和染色体个数。结果:五味子多糖可抑制微核率;还可降低染色体畸变率。结论:五味子多糖具抗突变作用。     

苯妥英钠对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率及睾丸染色体畸变率的影响

目的：探讨苯妥英钠的致突变作用。方法：用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验。结果：高浓度苯妥英钠能引起小鼠ＰＣＥ微核的发生率升高；在睾丸染色体畸变试验中，表现为诱导的小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变率升高。结论：苯妥英钠可能具有致突变作用。     

绞股蓝总皂甙对环磷酰胺诱变性的影响

采用已知的化学诱变剂环磷酰胺诱发小鼠微核，染色体畸变及精子畸变为指标，观察了绞股蓝总皂甙的抗诱变作用。结果表明，绞股蓝总皂甙对环磷酰胺所致微核、染色体畸变及精子畸变均有抑制作用，并有一定程度的剂量依赖性关系。     

低纯度熊果酸对小鼠致变性及其拮抗作用的研究

目的研究熊果酸(Ursolic Acid,UA)的致突变作用及其拮抗作用。方法采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验、小鼠染色体畸变实验、小鼠精子畸形实验和改进的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验、染色体畸变实验、小鼠精子畸形实验,通过检测骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率、染色体畸变率和精子畸形率来研究熊果酸的致突变性和抗突变性。结果熊果酸各致突变实验组(HUA、MUA、LUA)与阳性对照组(环磷酰胺,CP)相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表明熊果酸没有致突变性;熊果酸抗突变实验组(HUA+CP、MUA+CP和LUA+CP)与阳、阴性对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表明熊果酸可降低环磷酰胺诱发的细胞微核、染色体畸变率和精子畸形率。结论在本试验条件下,熊果酸无致突变作用,具有一定的拮抗作用。     

邓老凉茶对小鼠致突变安全性评价

目的以小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验为指标,研究邓老凉茶对哺乳动物的致突变安全性。方法(1)小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验:邓老凉茶设10、5.0和2.5g/kg3个剂量组,另设溶剂对照及环磷酰胺阳性对照组(40mg/kg,ip.),对NIH小鼠连续两次灌胃给药,首次给药后30h检查各组小鼠的股骨骨髓多染红细胞微核发生率。(2)小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验:邓老凉茶设10、5.0和2.5g/kg3个剂量组以及溶剂对照、环磷酰胺阳性对照组(40mg/kg,ip.),对NIH小鼠连续灌胃给药5d,1次/d,首次给药后13d制备睾丸染色体标本,油镜下观察100个初级精母细胞中期分裂相,检查性染色体单价体、常染色体单价体、链状多价体、环状多价体和染色体结构畸变发生率以及畸变细胞率。结果及结论(1)小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验:邓老凉茶高、中、低剂量组的微核发生率分别为0.3‰、0.5‰和0.2‰,与溶剂对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),阳性对照组微核发生率为10.2‰,高于溶剂对照组(P<0.01);在本实验条件下邓老凉茶没有诱发小鼠骨髓微核的作用。(2)小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验:邓老凉茶高、中、低剂量组的畸变细胞率分别为4.2%、3.5%和3.7%,与溶剂对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),阳性对照组畸变细胞率为26.6%,高于溶剂对照组(P<0.01);在本实验条件下邓老凉茶没有诱发小鼠初级精母细胞睾丸染色体畸变的作用。     

桑黄多糖对小鼠精子和睾丸细胞染色体畸变研究

目的 通过小鼠精子畸变和睾丸细胞染色体畸变试验,探讨桑黄多糖对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性.方法 试验设三个剂量组为2.5g·kg-1、5.0g·kg-、10.0g· kg-1 BW,经口灌胃进行试验,取小鼠睾丸制备标本,分别观察并计算各剂量组小鼠的精子畸变和睾丸细胞染色体畸变率.结果 桑黄多糖各剂量组小鼠的精子和睾丸细胞染色体畸变率与空白对照均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而环磷酰胺与空白对照组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 桑黄多糖各剂量组对雄性小鼠无生殖毒性作用.     

蜂王浆软胶囊对小鼠精子和睾丸细胞染色体畸变研究

目的通过小鼠小鼠精子畸变和睾丸细胞染色体畸变试验,探讨蜂王浆软胶囊对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性。方法试验设3个剂量组为2.5g.kg-1、5.0g.kg-1、10.0g.kg-1BW,经口灌胃进行试验,取小鼠睾丸制备标本,分别观察并计算各剂量组小鼠的精子畸变和睾丸细胞染色体畸变率。结果蜂王浆软胶囊各剂量组小鼠的精子和睾丸细胞染色体畸变率与空白对照均无显著性差异(P>0.05),而阳性对照组环磷酰胺与空白对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论蜂王浆软胶囊各剂量组对雄性小鼠无生殖毒性作用。     

Comparative mutagenicity of apicidin and apicidin derivatives (SD-0203 and SD-2007), histone deacetylase inhibitors

The fungal metabolite apicidin [cyclo(N-O-methyl-L-tryptophanyl-L-isoleucinyl-D-pipecolinyl-L-2-amino-8-oxodecanoyl)] is known to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC). In this study, the genotoxicity of apicidin and its derivatives were tested using three tests: a bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), an in vitro chromosome aberration (CA) test, and an in vivo micronucleus (MN) test. Apicidin was negative in the Ames test in the presence and absence of the microsomal metabolizing enzyme system. Apicidin induced a significant increase in the total chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In the MN test, apicidin induced mutagenic activity at the highest dose (1000 microM/kg). The apicidin derivatives SD-0203 and SD-2007 did not induce mutagenic activity in the Ames test and no significant mutagenic potency was observed in the CA test. However, these compounds significantly and dose-dependently increased the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) as well as the PCE/(PCE + NCE) ratio in the MN test. These results suggest that apicidin and its derivatives preferentially induce CA and MN but are not effective in the Ames test.     

碳酸锂抗诱变作用的研究

本研究首次用体外培养人胚纤维母细胞（ＨＥＦ）和活体小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（ＰＣＥ）两种生物系统，选择四种不同性质的诱变剂（ＵＶ、ＮＨ２ＨＣｌ、ＮａＡｓＯ２、ＣＰ）诱导三种不同效应水平（ＵＤＳ、ＣＡ、ＭＮ）的诱变模型，并采用受试物多种处理方式，从遗传学角度综合评估了碳酸锂的抗诱变作用。结果表明碳酸锂本身未见诱变活性。在多种水平的抗诱变试验终点中，明确显示了诱变抑制作用，可能有使用价值。     

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) isolated from Garcinia cambogia

(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is widely used as an ingredient for nutritional supplements aimed at reducing food intake, appetite, and body weight. In this study, the genotoxicity of HCA was evaluated using three tests: a bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), an in vitro chromosomal aberration (CA) test, and an in vivo micronucleus (MN) test. HCA was negative by the Ames test in the presence or absence of a microsomal metabolizing system. HCA did not induce mutagenic activity in the Ames test, and no significant mutagenic potency was indicated by CA tests. However, HCA significantly and dose-dependently increased the number of MNPCEs (micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes/1000 polychromatic erythrocytes) and PCE/(PCE + NCE) ratios according to the MN test. These results suggest that HCA preferentially induce micronuclei.     

白障明的诱变性试验研究

作者用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回变试验,小鼠骨髓红细胞微核试验及CHL细胞染色体畸变试验,对白障明进行了诱变性试验研究。结果表明鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回变试验为阴性,该药可能不诱发基因突变,NIH小鼠骨髓红细胞微核试验及CHL细胞染色体畸变试验均为阴性,说明该药可能不诱发体内,体外染色体损伤作用。     

Cytogenetic Evaluation of the Physiological Saline Extract of a Newly Developed Dental Material "ORMO-48"

The ORMO-48 is a new indigenous material for dental applications, developed by the Dental Products Laboratory of our Institute. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of an indigenously developed dental material in Swiss albino mice. The genotoxic effect was evaluated by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests. Two grams of dental material was extracted in 10.0 ml of physiological saline at 70°C for 24 h. The extract was cooled to room temperature and was used for the experiment. The experimental designed had three groups each (six mice in each group) for micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests. The first, second, and third groups were given a single exposure of physiological saline alone (control), dental material's extract (test), and cyclophosphamide (positive control) respectively for micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests. The result of the study indicated that, the percentage of micronucleated PCE (polychromatic erythrocytes) and NCE (normochromatic erythrocytes) induced by the dental material (extract) treated group was well comparable with control group, whereas the positive control induced significantly high (P < 0.001) micronucleated PCE when compared to control. The PCE and NCE ratio of the dental material extract treated group was similar to that of control group. The chromosomal anomalies such as chromatid/chromosomal breaks, centric rings, exchanges, dicentric, and acentric fragments were evaluated. The result showed that the anomalies of the dental material extract treated group were similar to control group, however, significant anomalies were observed in the cyclophosphamide treated group. Hence, the present study concluded that the indigenously developed biocompatible dental material, ORMO-48 is non genotoxic at our laboratory conditions.     

Developmental toxicity and genotoxicity studies of wogonin

We studied the developmental toxicities and genotoxic potency of a widely bioactive plant medicine-wogonin in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo developmental experiments, high dose of wogonin (40mg/kg, intravenous injection) significantly induced the maternal weight gains and affected fetus including bodyweight, resorptions, live birth index and fetal skeletal alterations. In Ames test, no concentration-dependently increased TA98, TA100, and TA102 revertants were detected in wogonin groups whether in presence of metabolic activating enzymes or not. In the chromosome aberration test, wogonin dose-dependently increased structural chromosomal aberrations in CHL cells both with and without S9, even the effect was all judged (-). In micronucleus assay, no significant changes of MNPCE/PCE and PCE/NCE were found on mouse bone marrow micronucleus in wogonin groups. We concluded that wogonin induced developmental toxicities on pregnant mice and fetus, and the genotoxicities were positive. However no significant malformation was observed and only in vitro potency of chromosome aberration was weak, which suggested us wogonin could be a relatively safe drug in clinic.     

Chemoprotective effects of hesperidin against genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in mice bone marrow cells

The preventive effect of hesperidin as a flavonoid was investigated in mouse bone marrow cells against genotoxicty induced by cyclophosphamide. Mice were orally (gavages) pretreated with solutions of hesperidin at four different doses (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w.) for five consecutive days. Mice were injected intraperitoneally on the fifth day with cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg b.w.) and killed after 24 h for the evaluation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs) and the ratio of PCE/(PCE+NCE) (polychromatic erythrocyte/ polychromatic erythrocyte + normochromatic erythrocyte). Three last doses of hesperidin significantly reduced frequency of MnPCEs induced by cyclophosphamide (p<0.0001). Hesperdin at dose 200 mg/kg b.w. reduced MnPCEs 2.37 time and also completely normalized PCE/ (PCE+NCE) ratio. Histological examination of bone marrow showed that hesperidin affected on proliferation and hyper cellularity of immature myeloid elements in bone marrow that reduced by cyclophsopahmide. It is obvious that hesperidin, may with antioxidative activity, reduced the oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow cells.     

中药浮海石致突变的实验研究

目的研究中药浮海石致突变性。方法本试验采用鼠伤寒沙门菌回复突变试验(Ames试验),哺乳动物培养细胞(CHL)染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验观察了浮海石的致突变作用。结果浮海石生理盐水浸提液0.5~5000μg/皿剂量下Ames试验结果阴性;250~1000μg/mL剂量下对CHL细胞无损伤作用,10~40g/kg剂量下对小鼠骨髓细胞染色体无致畸变作用。结论浮海石无致突变作用,用于临床是安全的。     

Study of mutagenicities of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid using in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests

Genotoxicities of phthalic acid (PA) and terephthalic acid (TPA) were examined using three mutagenicity tests: Ames, chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN). In the Ames test, these two agents did not produce any mutagenic responses in the absence or presence of S9 mix on the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, or TA1537. The CA test also showed that PA and TPA exerted no significant cytogenetic effect on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In the mouse MN test, no significant alteration in occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in ICR male mice ip administered any of these agents at doses of 0, 20, 100, 500, 2500 or 12,500 microM/kg. These results indicate that PA and TPA produced no mutagenic effects using these in vitro and in vivo mutagenic test systems.