不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。     

鼻尖、鼻翼缺损修复方法的探讨

１９５７年以来共收治鼻尖、鼻翼缺损１１９例，据情分别采用以下四种方法修复：①全层皮片移植２７例；②游离耳廓复合组织片移植３６例；③鼻唇沟皮瓣移转１２例；④上臂内侧皮管移植４４例，效果较为满意。我们在文章中就选用的原则、手术方法及注意事项等进行了探讨     

食管穿孔83例分析

８３例不同原因引起的食管穿孔，保守治疗５７例；手术２６例，行单纯食管修补术２０例、开胸行纵隔和／或胸腔引流２例、切除贲门肿物行胃食管吻合１例、颈部食管外置２例（其中１例并行二期结肠代食管手术）、１例开胸取异物形成食管瘘后，行二期修补瘘术。全组死亡８例，其中死于纵隔胸腔感染和主动脉破裂出血各４例。总治愈率８５％。并指出异物假牙造成食管穿孔的重要性，对严重的腐蚀性食管灼伤应早期行食管镜检，并针对食管穿孔部位、种类、间隔期、纵隔与胸腔的感染程度及病人具体情况采取相应的治疗措施。     

手部深度烧伤的临床治疗分析

目的 总结手部深度烧伤的临床治疗经验. 方法 46例54只深度烧伤手,其中深Ⅱ度烧伤30例33只手,Ⅲ度烧伤16例21只手.根据伤情不同,早期选择不同手术方式修复创面,术后早期进行功能锻炼. 结果 54只手的修复方式:中厚皮片移植33只手,异体脱细胞真皮与自体薄皮片复合移植12只手,腹部带蒂皮瓣1只手,前臂骨问背动脉逆行皮瓣3只手,股前外侧皮瓣5只手.治疗后,51只手移植皮片、皮瓣均成活,仅3只手移植皮片后有局灶性坏死,创面得到有效覆盖.按关节活动范围( range of motion,ROM)评定,本组优31只手(57.4％),良17只手(31.5％),中4只手(7.4％),差2只手(3.7％). 结论 手部深度烧伤后,选择合适术式,早期手术修复创面及功能锻炼,可取得很好的疗效.     

髋关节骨性关节炎及髋臼发育不良对髋关节表面置换术中髋臼安装角度的影响

[目的]研究全髋关节表面置换术中,单纯骨性关节炎及髋关节发育不良对髋臼安装角度的影响及两组病例疗效比较。[方法]自2006～2009年,本科共实施全髋表面关节置换术20例23髋,病因包括单纯骨性关节炎10髋及髋关节发育不良13髋。手术假体均采用金属对金属大直径表面置换假体,股骨侧骨水泥固定,髋臼侧生物型固定。[结果]所有患者均获得近期随访(6个月～3年),随访包括临床评估和放射学评估。两组患者术前术后Harris评分均无明显统计学差异。无一发生术后脱位、股骨颈骨折等并发症。其中单纯骨性关节炎患者术后臼杯外展角25.6°～56.0°(平均43.9°±9.9°),平均髋臼覆盖率达95.8%。髋臼发育不良患者术后臼杯外展角22.4°～69.3°(平均46.8°±12.9°),髋臼覆盖率达84.3%。[结论]金属对金属大直径表面置换假体在治疗单纯骨性关节炎及髋关节发育不良早期临床疗效并无明显统计学差异。但是髋关节发育不良患者行髋关节表面置换术中,髋臼假体外展角离散度要明显高于单纯骨性关节炎组,其髋臼杯假体外展角度控制要难于单纯骨性关节炎。     

复合小剂量阿曲库铵对顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间的影响

目的观察顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵同时复合阿曲库铵用于全凭静脉诱导的起效时间。方法择期全麻手术患者80例,随机均分为A、B、C、D四组。A组单用3ED95(0.15 mg/kg)顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵作为对照组;另三组分别用3ED95顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵复合阿曲库铵0.05 mg/kg(B组)、0.10 mg/kg(C组)或0.15 mg/kg(D组)。采用TOF-Watch SX肌松监测。静注咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、芬太尼5μg/kg、依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg及相应剂量肌松药,记录起效时间,进行气管插管条件评级。结果B、C、D组肌松起效时间依次加快,均明显短于A组(P<0.01),但B、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义。结论复合小剂量阿曲库铵能缩短3ED95顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵的起效时间。     

坎地沙坦治疗大鼠急性胰腺炎的实验研究

目的探讨选择性血管紧张素Ⅱ受体亚型AT1拮抗剂坎地沙坦对大鼠急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis，AP1的影响。方法54只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、AP组、AP＋坎地沙坦组（每组18只），腹腔注射20％L－精氨酸溶液建立AP动物模型，坎地沙坦用大鼠灌胃针灌注。各组大鼠分别在造模后第12，24，48小时分批（6只／组／批）心脏取血处死。取胰腺组织观察胰腺病理变化并评分（按Rongione标准），胰腺／体质量比，检测大鼠血清脂肪酶、TNF－α以及IL－10的变化。结果AP组胰腺炎症评分，胰腺／体质量比，血清脂肪酶、TNF－α、IL－10较对照组明显升高。AP＋坎地沙坦组胰腺炎症评分，胰腺／体质量比，血清脂肪酶以及TNF—α较AP组降低。本实验中，应用坎地沙坦对AP大鼠血清IL－10无显著影响。结论早期应用AT1受体拮抗剂坎地沙坦可以明显减轻大鼠胰腺的急性炎症病变及损伤。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统取出原因分析

目的分析左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)取出原因及影响因素,提高继续使用率。方法对2014年3月至2015年3月来本院自愿要求取出曼月乐的111例门诊患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探索取出的原因和放置曼月乐可能出现的并发症。结果 (1)111例患者年龄22~54岁,109例一次取器成功,2例因为节育器异位在剖宫产切口憩室处,门诊取器失败,收入院行宫腔镜下宫内节育器取出。(2)26例(23.42%)为到期取出,其中13例取出后再次放置曼月乐,5例取出后改放置其他宫内节育器;62例因症取器,占55.86%,其中34例(30.63%)是由于闭经问题;20例(18.02%)因计划妊娠取出;3例(2.70%)因异位或下移取出。(3)无带器妊娠病例。结论 LNG-IUS因症取器比例较高,患者主要不能忍受闭经带来的焦虑;应做好宫内节育器放置前患者的咨询,并加强放置后随访,积极防治置器后的副反应和并发症。     

乳腺增生病肿块的体表红外辐射光谱分析

目的:分析乳腺增生病患者肿块体表红外辐射光谱的特异性改变。方法:采用高灵敏度PHE201体表红外光谱仪,检测68名乳腺增生病患者肿块体表1.5~16μm波段的红外辐射光谱,并与自身相应正常部位对照。结果:乳腺增生病患者肿块体表与对侧正常部位体表红外辐射光谱形态基本一致,在检测的59个波长检测点中有51个点(1.5、3.75~16.0μm),肿块体表的红外辐射强度明显高于对侧正常部位(P=0.000~0.030)。结论:乳腺增生病患者肿块体表红外辐射光谱有特异性改变。     

《护理学基础》全英语教学实施效果评价

目的探讨护理专业基础课《护理学基础》全英语教学的效果,为临床护理课程全英语教学或双语教学打下基础。方法对2001级英语护理专业本科生31人实施《护理学基础》课程的全英语教学,包括理论课教学、实验操作训练辅导,同时作业、实验报告、测验考试等全部使用英语。结果学生理论考试成绩均分为73.9,技能考核均分为88.7,学生综合平均成绩81.3分。结论通过护理学基础的全英语教学,既可使学生掌握护理学的基本理论、基本知识与基本技能,又能提高专业英语的应用能力,同时也为后阶段临床护理的全英语教学工作的开展提供实践的经验。     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

更进一步提高深度烧伤创面修复质量

This article summarizes methods of repair of massive and deep wounds, elucidates how to improve wound healing quality and avoid scar deformity after deep hum. A part of denatured dermis (non-necrotic)in deep partial-thickness burn, "mixed degree" burn, even in full-thickness burn wounds before forming eschar can be preserved and covered with autolo-gous skin, thereby to avoid secondary damage to the structure of subcutaneous tissue and the junction of dermis-adipose, thus to result in good functions, appearance, and survival rate. After skin grafting, wound healing quality and appearance are im-proved, joint function and elasticity of skin are enhanced, the degree of scar contracture is relieved due to preservation of nor-mal adipose tissue after escharectomy. The study of composite artifical skin will be actively developed in the future. Tissue-en-gineering skin and stem cells can be successfully used in pa-tients with deep burns for starless healing with restoration of physiological functions in a short period.     

人工关节松动病因的研究

目的：探讨人工关节松动的病因。方法：选择７例松动人工髋关节，翻修手术时取松动关节周围的界膜组织；同时选择１０例骨折内固定患者，拆除内固定物时取内固定物周围瘢痕组织。标本做组织学检查和肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）测定。选择１０只成年兔，将２０只模拟假体分别置入双侧股骨远端。分别于术后第６、８、１０、１２、１４周向右侧膝关节腔注射聚乙烯微粒悬液，作为实验侧；左侧膝关节腔注射生理盐水，作为对照侧。第１６周取股骨远端标本，做组织学检查。结果：松动人工髋关节周围的界膜组织主要含大量的组织细胞和聚乙烯微粒，而骨折内固定物周围的瘢痕组织主要为纤维成分，无聚乙烯微粒。松动关节周围界膜组织中的ＴＮＦ浓度明显高于骨折内固定物周围的瘢痕组织（Ｐ＜０．０１）。动物实验发现，实验侧模拟假体周围有一层充满组织细胞的纤维结缔组织界膜，并有明显骨吸收和骨溶解现象，而对照侧无明显纤维结缔组织界膜，也无骨破坏现象。结论：人工关节磨损后，产生大量的磨损微粒，微粒刺激组织细胞分泌ＴＮＦ等溶骨性因子，这些溶骨性因子直接或间接地激活破骨细胞，从而引起假体周围骨吸收、骨溶解，最终导致假体松动。假体松动后又可加重磨损，产生更多的微粒，形成恶性循环     

An evaluation of quality of life of mothers of children with enuresis nocturna

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of enuresis nocturna on quality of life of the mothers. Mothers who have a child with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (n = 28) and mothers who have a child without any health problems (n = 38) were enrolled in the study. Groups were in balance for background variables (child’s age, gender, and number of siblings; mother’s age, marital status, highest year of education completed, and occupation; presence of health insurance; and type of residence). Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Spielberg’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were applied to all mothers. The mothers of children with enuresis had significantly lower quality-of-life scores in the SF-36 for the bodily pain (p = 0.015) and role emotional (p = 0.014) subscales. We observed significant difference between groups according to BDI; mean score was higher in mothers who have a child with enuresis nocturna (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference between groups according to the STAI. Significant differences according to bodily pain and role emotional subscales of SF-36, and the BDI scores, show that the mothers were negatively affected by having a child with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.