微小听神经瘤治疗方式探讨

目的:探讨及评估微小听神经瘤(2 cm以下)各种治疗方式及其治疗效果。方法:直径2 cm以下听神经瘤22例。均经MR I扫描诊断,分别采用中颅凹入路、乙状窦后入路、γ-刀放射治疗,对患者进行术前、术后听力及面神经功能测定。结果:完全生长在内听道的听神经瘤,经中颅凹入路手术治疗后,听力保存率83%,面神经功能完好率66%;经乙状窦后入路手术治疗后,听力保存率75%,面神经功能完好率100%;经γ-刀治疗后,听力保存率33%,面神经功能完好率为零。听神经瘤直径1 cm以下患者,经中颅凹入路手术治疗后,听力保存率83%,面神经功能完好率50%;经乙状窦后入路手术治疗后,听力保存率50%。面神经功能完好率50%;经γ-刀治疗后,听力保存率为零,面神经功能完好率也为零。结论:对于完全生长在听道的听神经瘤,最佳的治疗方式是经过中颅凹入路切除肿瘤;直径小于1 cm的听神经瘤,经中颅凹入路和乙状窦后入路切除肿瘤均可,但中颅凹入路术野开阔,利于手术操作;直径1 cm~2 cm之间的肿瘤,应采用乙状窦后入路切除肿瘤,这种入路对面神经的损伤较小。     

大型听神经瘤的微骨窗手术切除技巧

背景与目的：大型听神经瘤的全切和功能保留对神经外科来说仍旧是一个挑战。本研究探讨大型听神经瘤的微骨窗手术显露、内听道磨开及囊性肿瘤切除等技巧。方法：总结41例大型听神经瘤经乙状窦后入路微骨窗（切口长6cm,骨窗直径约3cm）手术切除的临床资料,并对手术中的技巧操作进行分析。结果：肿瘤全切除39例（95%）,次全切除2例（5%）;面神经解剖保留36例（88%）,最后一次随访时神经功能（HB分级）Ⅰ级7例（17%）,Ⅱ级15例（37%）,Ⅲ级5例（12%）,Ⅳ～Ⅴ级9例（22%）,Ⅵ级5例（12%）;耳蜗神经解剖保留9例（22%）,保留有效听力7例（17%）。结论：经枕下乙状窦后入路微骨窗手术切除大型听神经瘤是一种理想的微创手术方法。     

听神经瘤的显微手术治疗及面听神经保护

[目的]探讨显微外科技术治疗听神经瘤,以提高面听神经的保留率,预防并发症的发生。[方法]对经显微手术治疗的30例听神经瘤进行回顾性分析。[结果]肿瘤全切除28例(93.3%),面神经解剖保留25例(83.3%),有效听力保留4例(13.33%),无手术死亡。[结论]显微外科手术是治疗大中型听神经瘤的有效方法,熟悉肿瘤与面听神经的病理解剖关系,有助于提高手术效果。     

电生理监测在大型听神经瘤术中的应用

 目的　研究神经电生理监测在大型听神经瘤显微手术切除中的作用,提高肿瘤切除的准确性和安全性。方法　26例听神经瘤患者术中进行脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）和面神经肌电图（EMG）连续监测,根据监测结果,术中随时调整手术策略和方法,避免人为因素造成脑干和面神经功能障碍。术后2周采用House-Brackmann分级方法对面神经功能进行评价。结果　肿瘤全切除23例（88 %）,次全切除3例（12 %）,无死亡病例。面神经完整解剖保留25例（96 %）。术后2周面神经功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级21例（80 %）,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级3例（12 % ）,Ⅴ级2例（8 %）。结论　大型听神经瘤术中实时电生理监测可提高肿瘤的全切率,降低手术的致残率,对提高听神经瘤手术的精确性和安全性有重要的临床价值。     

枕下乙状窦后"锁孔"入路显微手术切除听神经瘤

背景与目的：听神经瘤是颅内常见良性肿瘤,治疗以手术切除为主,本文探讨听神经瘤枕下乙状窦后“锁孔”入路的手术方法,以减少并发症和手术损伤。方法：对13例听神经瘤采用单侧枕下乙状窦后“丿”形皮肤切口,后颅窝开颅术改咬骨窗为开骨瓣术,枕下乙状窦后“锁孔”入路显微手术切除肿瘤。结果：11例肿瘤全切除,2例次全切除;面神经解剖保留11例,术后3-15个月复查,面神经House-Brackmann(H-B)Ⅰ-Ⅱ级8例,H-BⅢ-Ⅳ级4例,Ⅴ级1例,术后7例可监测到听力（53.8%),5例保留了有效听力（38.5%),其中3例听力较术前明显好转,术后无死亡及严重并发症。结论：改良枕下乙状窦后“锁孔”入路,充分利用了有效的骨窗,减少无效脑暴露。同时,骨瓣解剖复位,手术创伤小,并发症少,并有利于美容,对地中,小型听神经瘤显微切除是一种有效,安全、便捷的微创手术方法。     

大型听神经瘤术中神经电生理监护附四例报道

背景和目的：听神经瘤的术中神经电生理监护是目前被关注的一个课题。本文结合我们的临床经验，探讨大型听神经瘤术中神经电生理监护的临床价值。方法：对4例大型听神经瘤的患者进行术中面神经、三叉神经和脑干听觉诱发电位的监护。结果：术后仅1例出现轻度面瘫，并很快恢复，余颅神经和脑干功能保存良好。结论：神经电生理监护对大型听神经瘤手术的监护具有重要意义。     

116例大型听神经瘤的手术治疗

目的 探讨大型听神经瘤手术的入路、术中保留面、听神经的方法。方法 112例采用一侧枕下入路，4例采用颞枕天幕上入路，81例肉眼下全切除，18例显微镜下全切除，次全切除17例。结果 术后周围性面瘫104例，其中24例在术后6个月恢复，面神经功能保留率为31．0％。4例出现颅内血肿。结论 手术入路的选择，显微镜下精细操作及熟悉桥小脑角显微解剖对听视瘤切除、保留面神经至关重要，适当的术前、术后处理，可提高疗效。     

乙状窦后入路切除听神经瘤术中神经电生理监测保护面神经的应用

目的：探讨乙状窦后入路切除听神经瘤术中神经电生理监测保护面神经的应用方法与效果。方法将88例听神经瘤患者根据随机抽签原则分为治疗组44例与对照组44例。2组都采用显微手术治疗,对照组采用经中颅窝入路,治疗组采用经乙状窦后入路。结果2组患者均顺利完成手术,2组手术时间、术中出血量及术后住院时间等对比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。术后3个月治疗组后组颅神经功能障碍、耳鸣、泪腺分泌异常、平衡障碍等并发症发生情况明显少于对照组（P＜0．05）。与对照组相比,治疗组术后3个月的面神经功能明显较好（P＜0．05）;治疗组的生活质量评分为（83．44±4．13）分,明显高于对照组的（72．14±4．98）分（P＜0．05）。结论显微手术治疗听神经瘤具有很好的微创性,采用乙状窦后入路能有效减少术后并发症的发生,术中神经电生理监测的应用有利于保护患者的面神经功能,从而提高患者的生活质量。     

枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路显微手术切除听神经瘤的临床观察

为了总结枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路显微手术切听神经瘤的经验,回顾性分析我院2006-01-2009-04应用枕下乙状窭后锁孔入路显微手术治疗的31例听神经瘤临床资料.单侧耳后6 cm长切口.约3.0 cm×3.0 cm的骨瓣,充分释放小脑延髓池脑脊液后,在减少损伤的前提下切除肿瘤.结果:肿瘤全切除27例,次全切除4例.面神经解剖保留达31例(100%),听力保留24例(77.4%),无死亡病例及严重并发症.初步研究结果提示,枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路创伤小,骨瓣复位,术后并发症少,手术时间短,是显微切除中、小型听神经瘤的一种安全、有效的手术方式.     

听神经瘤的微侵袭外科治疗

目的改进听神经瘤的手术技巧,减少手术创伤,提高手术效果。方法 58个听神经瘤均经枕下乙状窦后Keyhole入路,在全程电生理监测下应用"4S(4 steps)"法切除肿瘤:1S:显露、切开、剥离内耳门周围硬脑膜;2S:磨除内听道后壁,游离其内肿瘤组织,找到面、听神经;3S:囊内彻底切除肿瘤组织,使之"囊皮化";4S:免电凝、无张力顺行剥除"囊皮",保护面、听神经及其血供,会师内耳门,全切肿瘤。结果全组无手术死亡、偏瘫病例。肿瘤全切除57例(98.3%),面神经解剖保留58例(100%),听神经解剖保留35例(60.7%);最后一次随访时面神经功能保留(House BrackmannⅠ~Ⅱ级)48例(82.7%),有效听力保留19例(32.7%);术前有残存听力者,有效听力保留17例(40.4%)。结论采用枕下乙状窦后"Keyhole"入路、4S法微侵袭技术切除听神经瘤创伤小,肿瘤全切及面听神经功能保留率高。     

Conventionally fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for acoustic neuromas

Purpose: Analysis of local tumor control and functional outcome following conventionally fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for acoustic neuromas.

Patients and Methods: From 11/1989 to 9/1999 51 patients with acoustic neuromas have been treated by FSRT. Mean total dose was 57.6 ± 2.5 Gy. Forty-two patients have been followed for at least 12 months and were subject of an outcome analysis. Mean follow-up was 42 months. We analyzed local control, hearing preservation, and facial and trigeminal nerve functional preservation. We evaluated influences of tumor size, age, and association with neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) on outcome and treatment related toxicity.

Results: Actuarial 2- and 5-year tumor control rates were 100% and 97.7%, respectively. Actuarial useful hearing preservation rate was 85% at 2 and 5 years. New hearing loss was diagnosed in 4 NF2 patients. Pretreatment normal facial nerve function was preserved in all cases. Two cases of new or impaired trigeminal nerve dysesthesia required medication. No other cranial nerve deficit was observed.

In Patients without NF2 tumor size or age had no influence on tumor control and cranial nerve toxicity. Diagnosis of NF2 was associated with higher risk of hearing impairment (p = 0.0002), the hearing preservation rate in this subgroup was 60%.

Conclusion: FSRT has been shown to be an effective means of local tumor control. Excellent hearing preservation rates and 5th and 7th nerve functional preservation rates were achieved. The results support the conclusion that FSRT can be recommended to patients with acoustic neuromas where special attention has to be taken to preserve useful hearing and normal cranial nerve function. For NF2 patients, FSRT may be the treatment of choice with superior functional outcome compared to treatment alternatives.     

31例以突发听力下降为首发症状的小听神经瘤的临床分析

目的:探讨以突发听力下降为首发症状的小听神经瘤的临床特点，以期提高临床诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析2015年12月至2017年12月31例以突发听力下降为首发症状的小听神经瘤患者，观察其在听力学检查和影像学检查方面情况。结果:听力检查上，纯音测听主要表现为轻中度，占全部的74.19%， 声导抗检查，镫骨肌声反射阳性发生率为35.48%，高刺激ABR阳性发生率为83.87%，前庭功能检查正常的占多数，为全部的67.74%。MRI影像学诊断率为100%，其中17例患者表现为双侧听神经形态不对称，5例骨质破坏，6例周围粘连，3例表现为囊变、肿瘤包膜形成。31例患者中无听力水平恢复至正常或病前水平者，9例患者耳鸣和平衡失调症状缓解，5例患者听力有所改善，眩晕等不适未出现，远期疗效为逐渐进展性。结论:对以突发听力下降为首发症状的可疑的小听神经瘤患者要进行听力检查，必要时进行颞骨CT和MRI检查。     

Acoustic neuroma radiosurgery with marginal tumor doses of 12 to 13 Gy

PURPOSE: To define tumor control and clinical outcomes of radiosurgery to marginal tumor doses of 12-13 Gy for unilateral acoustic neuroma patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Three hundred thirteen patients with previously untreated unilateral acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannomas) underwent gamma knife radiosurgery between February 1991 and February 2001 with marginal tumor doses of 12-13 Gy (median, 13 Gy). Median follow-up was 24 months (maximum, 115 months; 36 patients with > or =60 months). Maximum doses were 20-26 Gy (median, 26 Gy), and treatment volumes were 0.04-21.4 mL (median, 1.1 mL). RESULTS: The actuarial 6-year clinical tumor control rate (no requirement for surgical intervention) for the entire series was 98.6 +/- 1.1%. Two patients required tumor resection; one had a complete resection for solid tumor growth and one required partial resection for an enlarging adjacent subarachnoid cyst. Six-year actuarial rates for preservation of facial nerve function, normal trigeminal nerve function, unchanged hearing level, and useful hearing were 100%, 95.6 +/- 1.8%, 70.3 +/- 5.8%, and 78.6 +/- 5.1%, respectively. The risk of developing trigeminal neuropathy correlated with increasing tumor volume (p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic neuroma radiosurgery with doses of 12-13 Gy provides high rates of tumor control and cranial nerve preservation.     

Cholesteatoma Induced Labyrinthine Fistula: Is Aggressiveness in Removing Disease Justified?

Issues of complete disease clearance and hearing preservation in cholesteatoma induced labyrinthine fistula cases has been discussed and updated in this article. Successful disease clearance and hearing preservation in a case of cholesteatoma induced isolated cochlear promontory fistula encouraged us to retrospectively analyse 13 more cases of cholesteatoma induced labyrinthine fistula who presented in emergency service as complicated chronic suppurtive otitis media. Pre-operatively nine patients experienced vertigo, two had profound sensori neural hearing loss and radiology was suggestive of labyrinthine fistula in 12 patients. Lateral semicircular canal was involved in 13 cases. In all cases cholesteatoma matrix was completely removed from the fistula site irrespective of the fistula size and hearing status. Hearing was preserved in 11 out of 12 patients. Gentle and meticulous removal of the matrix and careful repair of labyrinthine fistula delivers significant hearing preservation rate along with a safe and dry ear which avoids a second look surgery.     

Management of acoustic neuromas with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT): long-term results in 106 patients treated in a single institution

PURPOSE: To assess the long-term outcome and toxicity of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for acoustic neuromas in 106 patients treated in a single institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 1989 and January 2004, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) was performed in 106 patients with acoustic neuroma (AN). The median total dose applied was 57.6 Gy in median single fractions of 1.8 Gy in five fractions per week. The median irradiated tumor volume was 3.9 mL (range, 2.7-30.7 mL). The median follow-up time was 48.5 months (range, 3-172 months). RESULTS: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy was well tolerated in all patients. Actuarial local tumor control rates at 3- and 5- years after FSRT were 94.3% and 93%, respectively. Actuarial useful hearing preservation was 94% at 5 years. The presence of neurofibromatosis (NF-2) significantly adversely influenced hearing preservation in patients that presented with useful hearing at the initiation of RT (p = 0.00062). Actuarial hearing preservation without the diagnosis of NF-2 was 98%. In cases with NF-2, the hearing preservation rate was 64%. Cranial nerve toxicity other than hearing impairment was rare. The rate of radiation induced toxicity to the trigeminal and facial nerve was 3.4% and 2.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is safe and efficacious for the treatment of AN, with mild toxicity with regard to hearing loss and cranial nerve function. FSRT might be considered as an equieffective treatment modality compared to neurosurgery and therefore represents an interesting alternative therapy for patients with AN.     

保留脾脏胃癌根治术临床疗效的荟萃分析

目的 探讨胃癌根治术中保留脾脏与切除脾脏的术后并发症及5年生存率情况。方法 计算机检索Pubmed、EMABSE、CBM、维普、万方及中国知网数据库,检索时间截止至2014年2月,收集关于胃癌根治术中保留脾脏与切除脾脏的术后并发症及5年生存率的研究,由2名评价者按照纳入和排除标准独立选择文献、提取资料、评价质量,采用STATA 110软件进行分析,计算合并OR值及其95％CI并行敏感性分析和发表偏倚评估。结果 最终纳入16篇文献,包括1949例切除脾脏患者（切除组）和2864例保留脾脏患者（保留组）。纳入文献的结果在术后并发症发生率和5年生存率的比较模型中均无异质性。各模型Meta分析结果显示：胃癌根治术中切除组的并发症发生率高于保留组,差异有统计学意义（OR=1.699,95％ CI： 1.436～2.009）;且切除组的5年生存率低于保留组,差异亦有统计学意义（OR=0.402,95％ CI： 0.363～0.445）。结论 胃癌根治术中保留脾脏可降低术后并发症的发生,同时能提高患者生存率。