急性下肢深静脉血栓手术取栓与介入取栓的疗效分析

目的 比较手术取栓与介入取栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的近、远期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2000年3月至2008年8月136例急性混合型和中心型DVT患者的临床资料.手术取栓组80例,其中男性30例,女性50例;年龄26-81岁,平均(58±14)岁.介入取栓组56例,其中男性25例,女性31例;年龄22～92岁,平均(57±17)岁.术后均局部应用尿激酶溶栓、肝素抗凝治疗,后期应用华法林抗凝6～12个月.结果 介入取栓组治疗后双大腿周径差小于手术取栓组[(0.8±1.3)cm比(1.5±1.7)cm,P=0.002],两组小腿周径差异无统计学意义[(0.7±1.1)cm比(1.0±1.1)cm,P=0.152].介入取栓组的平均住院时间少于手术取栓组[(7±4)d比(15 4-7)d,P=0.000].介入取栓组并发症发生率低于手术取栓组(8.9%比32.5%,P=0.000).108例获随访,随访率为79.4%.平均随访(46±29)个月,两组在大、小腿周径差、症状评分、色素沉着、静脉曲张、间歇性跛行及慢性溃疡的发生率等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 介入取栓与手术取栓相比,远期疗效相当,近期疗效更佳,且住院时间短,并发症少.     

Angiojet机械吸栓治疗在手术相关下肢深静脉血栓患者中的应用及疗效

目的:评价Angiojet机械吸栓治疗手术相关下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者的早期疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2015年9月—2017年1月91例急性DVT(中央或者混合型)患者临床资料,其中30例为手术相关DVT(观察组),61例为非手术相关DVT(对照组),两组患者均首选Angiojet吸栓治疗,后续辅以导管接触性溶栓(CDT)或支架植入,比较两组患者相关临床指标。结果:两组患者术前一般资料无统计学差异(均P0.05)。两组患者支架植入率、支架直径和长度差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),对照组平均溶栓时间明显长于观察组(2.31 d vs. 1.50 d,P0.05)。两组均无大出血事件及死亡、心血管事件等严重并发症发生,对照组和观察组分别出现6例和4例穿刺点出血,及新发2例及1例症状性肺动脉栓塞,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组术后1年通畅率(对照组:88.52%vs.观察组:90.00%)、VRI评分及Villalta评分差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:Angiojet吸栓治疗用于手术相关DVT安全且有效。     

急性下肢深静脉血栓手术取栓与介入取栓的疗效分析

Objective To study the short- and long-term results for acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity treated by surgical thrombectomy and interventional thrombectomy. Methods One hundred and thirty-six acute DVT cases treated by surgical thrombectomy or interventional thrombectomy from March 2000 to August 2008 were reviewed. There were 80 patients treated by surgical thrombectomy. Among them, 30 cases were male, 50 cases were female, aged from 26 to 81 years with a mean of (58 ± 14 ) years. The other 56 cases were treated by interventional thrombectomy. Among them, 25 cases were male, 31 cases were female, aged from 22 to 92 years with a mean of (57 ±17) years. All the 136 patients received district anticoagulation with heparin and thrombolysis with urokinase after operation. Results After operation, the circumference difference between bilateral thigh in intervention group were less than that in surgical group [ (0. 8 ±1. 3) cm vs. ( 1. 5 ± 1. 7) cm, P =0.002]. The circumference difference of bilateral calf had no significant difference [(0. 7 ± 1. 1 ) cm vs. ( 1. 0 ±1. 1) cm, P = 0. 152]. The average hospital stay in intervention group was shorter than that in surgical group [(7±4) dm. (15±7) d, P =0. 000 ]. The morbidity of complications in intervention group was less than that in surgical group (8. 9% vs. 32. 5% , P -0. 000). One hundred and eight patients were followed up, who was 79.4% of the total patients, and were followed up for an average of (46 ± 29) months. The circumference difference of thigh and calf, the symptom grade, the pigmentation, varicose veins, intermittent claudication and ulceration between the two groups had no significant difference(P > 0. 05). Conclusion Compared with surgical group, intervention group has a better short-term effect, shorter hospital stays, less complications and similar long-term result.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓手术取栓与介入取栓的疗效分析

Objective To study the short- and long-term results for acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity treated by surgical thrombectomy and interventional thrombectomy. Methods One hundred and thirty-six acute DVT cases treated by surgical thrombectomy or interventional thrombectomy from March 2000 to August 2008 were reviewed. There were 80 patients treated by surgical thrombectomy. Among them, 30 cases were male, 50 cases were female, aged from 26 to 81 years with a mean of (58 ± 14 ) years. The other 56 cases were treated by interventional thrombectomy. Among them, 25 cases were male, 31 cases were female, aged from 22 to 92 years with a mean of (57 ±17) years. All the 136 patients received district anticoagulation with heparin and thrombolysis with urokinase after operation. Results After operation, the circumference difference between bilateral thigh in intervention group were less than that in surgical group [ (0. 8 ±1. 3) cm vs. ( 1. 5 ± 1. 7) cm, P =0.002]. The circumference difference of bilateral calf had no significant difference [(0. 7 ± 1. 1 ) cm vs. ( 1. 0 ±1. 1) cm, P = 0. 152]. The average hospital stay in intervention group was shorter than that in surgical group [(7±4) dm. (15±7) d, P =0. 000 ]. The morbidity of complications in intervention group was less than that in surgical group (8. 9% vs. 32. 5% , P -0. 000). One hundred and eight patients were followed up, who was 79.4% of the total patients, and were followed up for an average of (46 ± 29) months. The circumference difference of thigh and calf, the symptom grade, the pigmentation, varicose veins, intermittent claudication and ulceration between the two groups had no significant difference(P > 0. 05). Conclusion Compared with surgical group, intervention group has a better short-term effect, shorter hospital stays, less complications and similar long-term result.     

经导管取栓及溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓

目的探讨经导管取栓及溶栓技术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓的临床价值及疗效。方法收集急性下肢深静脉血栓患者117例,其中中央型血栓71例,混合型血栓46例。在下腔静脉滤器保护下,对患者行经大腔导管取栓及溶栓导管溶栓治疗,对合并Cockett综合征者行支架成形治疗。结果手术成功率100%,患肢肿胀、疼痛于术后当日即明显减轻,无肺栓塞发生。110例患者均成功随访12个月,总有效率97.27%(103/110)。结论经导管取栓及溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓安全、有效。     

周围动脉栓塞Fogarty导管取栓术后常见并发症分析

目的 分析周围动脉栓塞Fogarty导管取栓术后常见并发症的临床特点和防治体会。方法 回顾性分析因周围动脉栓塞而行Fogarty导管取栓术出现并发症患者的临床资科。结果 出现并发症6例，占11．5％，分别为术后再发周围动脉栓塞2例，切口出血、血肿2例，患肢小腿骨筋膜室综合征2例。经相应处理患者均治愈、好转出院。结论 Fogarty导管取栓治疗周围动脉栓塞可以引起一系列并发症，术中细致操作、术后早期发现并及时处理可以取得良好的效果。     

手术取栓与药物溶栓治疗急性髂股型下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效比较

目的 评估手术取栓加药物溶栓与单纯药物溶栓治疗急性髂股型下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效.方法 回顾性分析175例髂股型下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的临床资料,依据治疗方式的不同分为取栓组与溶栓组;手术取栓组85例,其中合并髂总静脉狭窄或闭塞的46例,选择于术或介入治疗,术后给予尿激酶、低分子肝素治疗.采取药物溶栓抗凝治疗90例,仪给予尿激酶、低分子肝素治疗.治疗前两组患者年龄、病程、肿胀程度及伴随疾病比较,差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).结果 治疗后1个月,手术取栓组治愈率71.8%(61/85),双下肢周径差手术组由(4.6±1.6)cm下降为(0.8±0.5)cm;溶栓组治愈率38.9%(35/90);双下肢周径差由(4.0±1.9)cm下降为(1.8±1.3)cm.平均随访(28±11)个月,随访率64.6%,治疗后12个月,双下肢周径差手术组下降为(0.4±0.3)cm,溶栓组下降为(0.9±0.7)cm,手术组治愈率86.0%(49/57),溶栓组治愈率53.6%(30/56);手术组的下肢深静脉血栓形成后遗症发生率低于溶栓组(P＜0.05),手术组的静脉瓣功能异常的发生率低于溶栓组(P＜0.05).结论 急性髂股型下肢深静脉血栓形成手术取栓加溶栓疗效优于单纯药物溶栓.     

手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性深静脉血栓的临床分析

目的 总结手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性髂股深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床经验.方法 2008年10月至2010年12月,15例急性DVT患者接受手术取栓联合同侧髂静脉腔内支架植入术.男性6例,女性9例;年龄36～71岁,平均57.4岁.DVT位于左股、髂及下腔静脉内2例,双侧髂静脉1例,其余12例均在左髂股静脉.所有患者表现患肢明显肿胀,其中12例伴有患肢疼痛.DVT发病时间平均为3.3 d.诱发DVT的原因包括外科手术6例,DVT复发2例,其余7例病因不清.并发症包括消化道出血1例,胃溃疡1例,高血压3例,脑梗死1例.取栓之前均先经右股静脉穿刺植入下腔静脉滤器(包括1例双髂静脉血栓患者),取栓之后术中造影均发现髂静脉受压致重度狭窄或完全闭塞,均先行球囊血管成形后植入自膨式支架.结果 术中造影证实髂静脉压迫综合征12例,取栓后残留狭窄3例.共植入18枚自膨式支架,手术成功率15/15,30 d病死率为0;1例术后伤口出现血肿,保守治疗后痊愈.12例获得随访,随访时间为2～26个月,平均13.3个月.所有患者疼痛消失,仅2例表现为活动后患肢轻度肿胀.所有患者均未出现血栓复发.结论 手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性DVT安全有效,早期临床结果满意,并发症发生率低.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of surgical venous thrombectomy and simultaneous stenting in patients with acute, symptomatic iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis ( DVT) .Methods From October 2008 to December 2010, a total of 15 patients with acute symptomatic DVT underwent combined surgical venous thrombectomy and endovascular stenting in ipsilateral iliac vein. There were 6 male and 9 female patients, with a mean age of 57. 4 years ( ranging from 36 to 71 years) . All patients underwent Duplex ultrasonography for diagnosis of DVT. The location of thrombosis was femoroiliocaval vein in 2 cases, bilateral iliac vein in 1 case and left iliofemoral vein in 12 cases. All patients had leg swelling and 12 cases had severe leg pain. The mean time of symptomatic DVT occurring at operation was 3. 3 d. The factors related to DVT were operation in 6 cases, DVT reoccur in 2 cases. Coexist diseases were digestive tract bleeding in 1 case, gastric ulcer in 1 case, hypertension in 3 cases and 1 case had cerebral infarction. The inferior vena cava filter was inserted before thrombectomy, iliac vein compression and residual stensosis were treated with a self-expandable stent after thrombectomy. Results Intraoperative venography showed severe venous stenosis in all patients including 80% of iliac vein compression syndrome, 18 self-expandable stents were inserted successfully, the procedural successful rate was 100% , the 30-day mortality rate was 0. One case was suffered from hematoma at incision after operation.3 patients were lost during follow-up. Median follow-up was 10. 3 months ( ranging from 2 to 26 months). There was no case of re-thrombosis. Leg pain was disappeared in all cases and only 2 patients showed slight leg swelling after excise. Conclusion Combined surgical thrombectomy and endovascular treatment for patients with acute symptomatic iliofemoral venous thrombosis is an effective and safe technique with low morbidity and good clinical results.     

Fogarty导管取栓术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的体会

1982年5月～1995年4月间,本科对103例(110侧)急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的诊治进行总结:56例(50.9％)采用急诊Fogarty导管取栓术,54例(49.1％)采用尿激酶及肝素溶栓抗凝法。发现近期效果二者之间相差不明显。 73例随访1～10年,平均6.4年。其中40例为手术取栓,33例为溶栓后。手术病人中8例(20.2％)症状消失,13例(32.5％)出现浅静脉及皮肤色素沉着,4例(10.0％)发生小腿溃疡;溶栓病人6例(18.2％)症状消失,15例(45.5％)出现浅静脉及皮肤色素沉着,8例(24.2％)发生小腿溃疡。 手术取栓保护了部分主干静脉辦膜,对减少深静脉血栓形成的远期并发症有益。     

局部物理加压预防全身麻醉术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的研究

目的评价局部物理加压预防全麻术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效和安全性。方法入选全身麻醉手术患者345例，分为对照组、肝素组和物理加压组，各组间血栓形成风险差异无统计学意义。对照组无任何抗凝措施介入，肝素组使用低分子肝素抗凝治疗，物理加压组使用梯度压力弹力袜进行下肢局部加压。所有患者在术后第7天查双下肢深静脉血管超声，术后第3天测凝血酶原时间（PT）和部分凝血活酶时间（AFYF）。结果术后血管超声检查显示，肝素组和物理加压组下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），肝素组凝血酶原时间（PT）长于对照组和物理加压组（P〈0．05）。结论下肢局部物理加压是一种预防术后下肢深静脉血栓形成安全、有效的方法。     

急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓取栓与溶栓远期疗效分析

目的 比较手术取栓与系统溶栓对急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的远期疗效.方法 回顾分析1991年9月至2005年6月的142例急性混合型DVT病例的临床资料.手术取栓77例,其中合并髂总静脉狭窄或闭塞49例,对于髂总静脉严重狭窄或闭塞者采取不同方法处理.手术后辅以区域性尿激酶溶栓、肝素抗凝治疗.系统溶栓65例,均系统性应用尿激酶、肝素.结果 治疗后2周,手术取栓组双下肢周径差由(4.3±2.2)cm降为(0.6±0.5)cm,系统溶栓组由(3.9±2.5)cm降为(1.6±0.9)cm,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.346,P=0.00).平均随访(49±42)个月,手术取栓组周径差降为(0.5±0.4)cm,系统溶栓组降为(1.4±1.3)cm(t=-5.764,P=0.00);手术取栓组水肿、色素沉着、溃疡等后遗症发生率分别为29.9%、15.6%、0%,低于系统溶栓组的50.8%、84.6%、6.2%(P＜0.05).彩超发现,手术取栓组静脉通畅率(89.6%)和瓣膜功能正常率(72.7%),均高于系统溶栓组(分别为30.8%、9.2%)(Z=-8.502,P=0.00).手术取栓组治愈率70.1%,高于系统溶栓组治愈率30.8%(Z=-4.740,P=0.00).手术组死亡率为3.9%,溶栓组无住院死亡率.结论 本组资料显示手术取栓对急性混合型DVT的疗效好于系统溶栓,尤其在保护静脉瓣膜功能方面明显优于系统溶栓;但手术创伤较大、有一定的死亡率.     

下肢深静脉血栓清除临床关注焦点

下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）是血管外科常见的疾病之一,越来越多的证据表明早期进行血栓清除安全有效,并能降低以肢体炎性肿胀、皮肤溃疡等为主要临床表现的血栓后综合征（PTS）的发生风险,同时提高患者的生活质量。血栓清除的方式主要包括手术切开取栓、导管接触性溶栓（CDT）和经皮机械性血栓清除术（PMT）。血栓清除方法的多样化及其设备快速更新为临床医生带来了福音,此外,下腔静脉可回收滤器的合理应用大大提高了血栓清除手术的安全性,血栓清除后髂静脉球囊及支架的应用可避免血栓的复发。尽管临床上还有许多问题存在争议,并缺少高质量、高级别的研究证据,但下肢DVT血栓清除的必要性、有效性及安全性逐渐形成共识。笔者就临床实践中相关的焦点问题进行阐述和总结。     

改良式球囊血栓抽吸术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓

目的探讨采用改良式球囊血栓抽吸术配合腘静脉入路深静脉置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的技术、方法和疗效。方法对76例DVT患者采用改良式球囊血栓抽吸术配合经皮腘静静脉穿刺深静脉置管溶栓治疗(治疗组),对137例急性期DVT患者采用患肢足背静脉溶栓方法治疗(对照组),比较两组患者的疗效。结果治疗组,76例患者的治疗效果满意,技术成功率100%,治疗前后血管周径差差异有统计学意义(t=2.91,P0.01),血管通畅率90.79%(69/76),并发症发生率15.79%(12/76);对照组治疗前后血管周径差差异有统计学意义(t=2.21,P=0.03),血管通畅率59.85%(82/137),并发症发生率24.82%(34/137)。结论采用改良式球囊血栓抽吸术联合腘静静脉入路深静脉置管溶栓技术治疗DVT是一种安全、有效的方法,且疗效满意。     

经皮机械性血栓清除术治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的研究进展

静脉血栓栓塞症发病率逐渐增加,即使是在标准抗凝治疗下,仍然有70%以上的患者会发生血栓形成后综合征(PTS),这将严重降低患者生活质量,增加经济负担。因此,快速去除血栓,恢复静脉通路,减少PTS的发生成为近年来临床关注的重点。目前的治疗方法有系统溶栓、导管接触性溶栓(CDT)、手术取栓、血栓抽吸、经皮机械取栓(PMT)等,其中PMT可通过不同物理方法快速清除血栓,减少溶栓药物的使用,虽然目前尚无高质量证据证明其相对于其他方式有更好的安全性及有效性,但PMT为临床医师提供了更多的选择,从而实现个体化医疗,获得最佳的临床效果。本文旨在对目前常见的PMT在原理、特点及局限性等方面进行综述。     

下肢静脉曲张微创治疗的并发症及处理

目的探讨采用激光联合TriVex透光直视旋切等微创技术治疗下肢静脉曲张术后常见并发症的原因、预防及处理方法。方法回顾性分析2001年2月至2005年5月采用各种微创技术治疗下肢静脉曲张患者2000例的临床资料,男982例,女1018例,年龄18~87岁,平均55岁。结果本组患者均临床治愈。术后随访1个月至4年,平均2年;手术后500例获得随访,随访率25%,共出现并发症278例,其中皮肤浅表灼伤1例;炎症反应4例;皮肤感觉异常者220例;皮下血肿35例;感染15例;皮肤穿孔3例。结论微创技术治疗下肢静脉曲张有其特有的并发症,应重视其预防及处理。     

AngioJet机械吸栓与置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓的成本效益分析

背景与目的：下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）是住院患者常见的并发症,目前对其治疗倾向于快速清除血栓,以减少血栓后遗症的出现。方法主要包括导管接触性溶栓（CDT）及经皮机械性血栓清除术（PMT）,但对CDT和PMT的适应证仍有一定争议,卫生经济学方面也缺少相关研究,无法衡量CDT和PMT治疗方法使患者受益的情况。本研究旨在通过分析接受外科治疗的下肢DVT患者来综合评估比较CDT和AngioJet两种治疗方式对患者的获益情况,为临床医生选择合适的治疗方式提供一些建议,使患者在疗效、生活、经济上能够得到最大的获益。方法：收集苏北人民医院血管外科2018年12月—2020年8月确诊下肢DVT并接受CDT或AngioJet方式治疗的患者临床与随访数据,分析疗效（证候积分）、成本效益,以及随访彩超复查结果、Villalta评分及CIVIQ-2评分。结果：共纳入79例下肢DVT患者,其中AngioJet治疗47例（AngioJet组）,CDT治疗32例（CDT组）。两组患者一般资料与耗材使用情况差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。两组治疗后症状均明显好转,AngioJet组痊愈率高于CDT组（34....