基于瞬时纳米沉淀法制备尺寸可控载药纳米粒子

合成了5种具有不同分子量、不同亲疏水链段比例的两亲性嵌段共聚物——甲氧基聚乙二醇-b-聚己内酯（mPEG-b-PCL）,并以其为表面活性剂,采用瞬时纳米沉淀（Flash Nano Precipitation,FNP）法制备出一系列包裹模型药物β-胡萝卜素的纳米粒子。通过改变两亲性共聚物的结构、分子量、浓度及溶剂体积比（V（H₂O）：V（THF））,成功实现了对纳米粒子尺寸的调控。实验结果表明：聚合物亲水链段分子量比例增大,则纳米粒子尺寸减小;当亲水链段分子量比例相同时,聚合物分子量越大,则纳米粒子尺寸越小;当聚合物质量浓度较高（10.0 g/L）时,制备的纳米粒子粒径分布较窄,粒子性能较稳定。     

多嵌段共聚物/纳米粒子杂化多级结构的光学性能

结合耗散粒子动力学模拟和时域有限差分方法,研究了A（BC）_n多嵌段共聚物和纳米粒子共混体系的自组装行为及其光学性能,分析了纳米粒子体积分数和嵌段间相互作用强度对自组装形貌及其光学性能的影响。结果表明,A（BC）_n多嵌段共聚物/纳米粒子共混体系可形成有机/无机杂化的多级结构,改变纳米粒子的体积分数和嵌段间相互作用强度可以调控纳米粒子的分布及其相应的多级结构。不同尺度的结构对不同频率光的反射作用有明显区别,而纳米粒子的加入显著增大了反射峰的强度和宽度。改变纳米粒子的分布可调控反射峰的强度和宽度。     

环糊精原位还原法制备银纳米粒子及其催化性能

利用环糊精（CD）在碱性溶液中原位还原硝酸银制得环糊精包覆的银纳米粒子,并通过透射电镜、红外光谱和紫外分光光度计对其进行表征。实验结果表明,在适当的pH和环糊精浓度下制备得到的银纳米粒子的粒径很均一,但是碱性过强（pH>12）或环糊精浓度太低（c_CD<0.025 mmol/L）会导致银纳米粒子团聚。在对硝基苯酚的还原实验中发现环糊精包覆的银纳米粒子具有很好的催化活性,而且β-环糊精和γ-环糊精包覆的银纳米粒子的催化活性高于α-环糊精包覆的银纳米粒子。     

一种新型CO2响应型肿瘤靶向药物传递载体

将透明质酸（HA）依次接枝1,12-二氨基十二烷和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺二甲缩醛（DADA）,构建得到CO₂刺激响应的透明质酸-脒基（HA-ami）。为了考察其结构、CO₂刺激响应性、细胞水平作为药物载体的可行性和肿瘤靶向性,进行了结构表征、CO₂刺激响应性表征、细胞摄取、细胞毒性和体内的组织分布实验。结果表明：HA-ami成功构建,并具有一定的CO₂刺激响应性,可携带模型药物摄取进入人乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）,而且没有出现明显的细胞毒性,具有体内肿瘤靶向性。     

注射用苦参素纳米球与普通粉针剂在大鼠体内药动学比较

目的 比较注射用苦参素纳米球（KU-PLGA-NS）与注射用苦参素普通粉针剂（KUI）在大鼠体内的药动学特性。方法 建立HPLC法检测大鼠血浆中苦参素,采用ANOVA法选择房室模型,将所测得的血药浓度-时间数据,采用DAS程序进行分析,根据F值与AIC选择房室模型求算药动学参数。结果 等剂量KU-PLGA-NS和KUI的AUC_0-t分别为（785.57±170.92）、（342.43±54.49）mg·L^?1·min,C_max为（18.51±2.47）、（28.48±5.40）mg/L,t_1/2Ke为（91.69±1.94）、（11.51±2.47）min。结论 KU-PLGA-NS在大鼠体内的药动学特性与KUI比较AUC和C_max增加,t_1/2延长。     

聚苯乙烯共价修饰的二硫化钼钠米片宽带光限幅功能材料的合成与表征

利用原位聚合方法将聚苯乙烯（PS）共价接枝到二硫化钼纳米片表面,获得的材料MoS₂-PS能均匀地分散在常见的有机溶剂中。开孔Z-扫描实验结果表明：与MoS₂、MoS₂/PS相比,MoS₂-PS的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）溶液及其聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）薄膜样品均表现出更好的非线性光学性能。相对于溶液,在532 nm和1 064 nm激光激发时,MoS₂-PS/PMMA固体薄膜表现出最大的非线性吸收系数（β_eff）,分别达到407.70 cm/GW（MoS₂-PMMA：100.69 cm/GW;MoS₂/PS/PMMA：116.55 cm/GW）和429.64 cm/GW（MoS₂-PMMA：-48.92 cm/GW;MoS₂/PS/PMMA：66.31 cm/GW）;相应的光限幅阈值分别为0.92 GW/cm²（532 nm）和1.12 GW/cm²（1 064 nm）。MoS₂-PS/PMMA固体薄膜经200℃退火处理后,β_eff和光限幅性能得到增强（β_eff分别为455.67 cm/GW和448.90 cm/GW;光限幅阈值分别为1.07 GW/cm²和0.87 GW/cm²）。     

天冬酰胺酶纳米微球的药代动力学和生物等效性初步研究

目的 研究载天冬酰胺酶（asparaginase, AAS）自组装透明质酸-聚乙二醇（hyaluronic acid-graft-poly ethylene glycol, HA-g-PEG）/羟丙基-β-环糊精（hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, HPCD）纳米微球（self-assembly HA-g-PEG/HPCD hollow nanospheres loaded with AAS, AHHPs）在雄性SD大鼠体内的药代动力学和生物等效性。方法 采用自组装方法制备AHHPs, 考察AHHPs的透射电镜、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率,分别测定大鼠静脉注射给予AHHPs和游离AAS后,不同时间点大鼠血浆样品中AAS的活性。采用DAS 2.1.1软件计算药动学参数,对AHHPs和游离AAS进行生物等效性评价。结果 制得的AHHPs平均粒径为（367.43±2.72） nm,Zeta电位为（-15.70±1.25）mV,平均包封率为(66.03 ± 3.81)%。AHHPs和游离AAS大鼠静脉注射给药后,AHHPs和游离AAS的主要药动学参数：药时曲线下面积AUC_{(0-48 h)}分别为（162.06±4.01） U/mL·h和（46.38±1.98） U/mL·h,AUC_(0-∞)分别为（203.74±12.91） U/mL·h和（51.44 ±3.01） U/mL·h,平均驻留时间MRT_{(0-72 h)}分别为（4.35±0.06） h和（1.76±0.06） h, MRT_(0-∞)分别为（7.53±1.05） h和（2.44±0.29） h,药峰浓度C_max分别为（30.37±0.43） U/mL和（26.06±0.88） U/mL,达峰时间T_max分别为（0.75±0.00） h和（0.08±0.00） h。与游离AAS比较,AHHPs的AUC_{(0-48 h)}、AUC_(0-∞)、MRT_{(0-72 h)} 、MRT_(0-∞)、C_max和T_max分别提高了3.5倍、4.0倍、2.5倍、3.1倍、1.2倍和9.4倍。AUC_{(0-48 h)}、AUC_(0-∞)和C_max的90%置信区间分别为72.6%~74.0%、72.3%~73.7%、94.7%~96.3%。结论 AHHPs延长了AAS在大鼠体内的生物半衰期,提高了AAS在大鼠体内的生物利用度,且AHHPs与游离AAS不具有生物等效性。     

地塞米松纳米立方液晶眼用制剂家兔房水药代动力学

目的： 以地塞米松（DEX）为模型药物制备眼用纳米立方液晶眼用制剂,并对其家兔房水药代动力学进行了考察。方法： 采用高压均质法制备DEX纳米立方液晶,激光粒度测定仪测定粒径,低温透射电镜观察粒子的微观形态;Draize评分法评价制剂的眼部刺激性;采用微渗析法评价家兔的房水药代动力学。结果： DEX纳米立方液晶平均粒径约200 nm,低温透射电镜可见其清晰的立方体结构。Draize评分结果显示,该制剂对家兔眼部无刺激性。房水药代动力学结果显示,DEX纳米立方液晶制剂组AUC_0→240,c _max 均显著高于市售溶液剂组,且处方1（F1,10%脂质含量）和处方2（F2,20%脂质含量）的AUC_0→240分别是市售溶液剂的1.8倍和2.9倍（P<0.05）。结论： DEX纳米立方液晶眼用制剂能够显著提高房水药物浓度,改善药物在眼部组织的生物利用度。     

硬脂酸改性纳米CaCO3对当归喷雾干燥粉体的影响研究

目的 研究硬脂酸改性纳米CaCO₃,制备疏水性纳米CaCO₃并应用于当归喷雾干燥粉体。方法 采用硬脂酸对纳米CaCO₃进行表面改性,通过活化指数（H）、吸油值、接触角和透射电镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对改性前后纳米CaCO₃进行分析和表征。以微粉硅胶和未改性纳米CaCO₃为对照,考察改性纳米CaCO₃对当归喷雾干燥粉体流动性、吸湿性和有效成分阿魏酸溶出行为的影响。结果 FTIR表明硬脂酸吸附在碳酸钙表面;改性后的纳米CaCO₃改善当归喷雾干燥粉体流动性和吸湿性的效果优于微粉硅胶和未改性纳米CaCO₃,且不影响阿魏酸体外溶出度。结论 经硬脂酸改性后的纳米CaCO₃应用于中药喷雾干燥粉体值得进一步研究。     

P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶的制备与表征

利用单体对之间的氢键特殊相互作用,采用一步反应在水相中共聚甲基丙烯酸（MAA）、丙烯酰胺（AM）和交联剂乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（EGDMA）,制备了pH响应性共聚物P（MAA-co-AM）纳米水凝胶。采用纳米粒度与电位分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电镜等对P（MAA-co-AM）纳米水凝胶的尺寸、形貌、组成和结构进行了表征。系统研究了反应参数对P（MAA-co-AM）纳米水凝胶的影响。结果表明：当两单体等物质的量投料时所制备的P（MAA-co-AM）纳米水凝胶粒径分布最窄（〈D_h〉=129 nm,PDI=0.095）,且其粒径随着两单体用量的增加而增大。随着单体加入时间的延长或EGDMA用量的增加,P（MAA-co-AM）纳米水凝胶的粒径逐渐变小。P（MAA-co-AM）纳米水凝胶表现出极好的pH响应性：当介质的pH从4增加到8时,溶胀比高达7,体积扩张了343倍。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.