微乳作为皮肤局部用药载体的研究进展

微乳是目前药剂学研究的热点,通过皮肤给药以达到局部或全身治疗目的的1种给药载体。综述近年来国内外对微乳作为皮肤局部用药载体的作用机制、影响因素、评价方法以及临床应用等方面的研究进展。     

脂质体透皮吸收的研究进展

脂质体是一层或多层脂质双分子膜以同心圆的形式包封而成的微形球状体。脂质体具有两重特性———亲水性和疏水性 ,因而能较好地包裹亲水性物质和亲脂性物质。水溶性物质包封于脂质体的水性腔隙内 ,脂溶性或兼性物质则结合在脂质双分子层间或脂质体亲脂基团部分。脂质体的形状、大小和层数取决于脂质的成分和脂质体的制备方法 ,并直接影响着药物的吸收、分布、代谢、排泄和毒性作用。自２０世纪７０年代Ｇｒｅｇｏｒｉａｄｉｓ首次提出用脂质体作为 β-半乳糖苷酶载体治疗糖原累积疾病以来 ,脂质体作为一种新型的药物载体得到了迅速发展 ,在…     

皮肤科局部用药不良反应／事件的相关因素及预防

皮肤科局部用药不良反应／事件发生率高,临床表现形式多样,有时会造成原患疾病的加重,甚至引起系统性损害。外用药物在发挥治疗作用的同时,也会影响到皮肤角质层的屏障功能,引发不良反应／事件的发生,其机制分为原发性和变态反应性。通过对其相关因素的分析,以及变应原的寻找,旨在采取相应措施,预防和减少皮肤科局部用药不良反应／事件的发生。     

新型透皮给药载体--传递体研究进展

概述新型透皮给药载体——传递体研究的特点、组成及制备方法、穿透动力学以及研发设计中应注意的问题。传递体以其自身的特点与技术，将在不久的将来研发出各种传递体皮肤外用制剂。     

透皮吸收促透方法的研究进展

目的：综述了促进药物透皮吸收的不同种透皮吸收方法。方法：根据对有关资料的分析、归纳、总结列举各种促透方法对何种药物有促透作用。结果：不同促透方法其作用特点、作用机制各不相同，在具体使用时可根据药物的特性加以选择。结论：选择不同的促透方法达到促进对药物透皮吸收的目的。     

口腔局部用药浅析

爱牙护齿活动的深入开展 ,使广大群众不断增强了牙防意识 ,就诊者在逐年增加 ,其用药量及品种随病种的变迁而不断地发生变化。口腔医疗用药不同于一般临床科室的用药 ,局部用药在诊疗中具有举足轻重的作用。作者为了解门诊局部用药的变化与要求 ,来不断地开发新药、新剂型满足临床 ,并预测未来药物开发趋势 ,探求其内在规律 ,以进一步指导临床药物开发和倡导合理用药 ,特将本院 5年来门诊用药情况作一较全面的统计分析。1　资料和方法资料均来源于本院药剂科西药库房 1996～ 2 0 0 0年 5年内药品总目录 ,以此提供出库药品种类、剂型、数量、…     

脂质体作为皮肤局部给药载体的研究进展

目的了解脂质体作为皮肤局部给药载体的研究进展.方法以大量有代表性的文献进行分析、归纳,阐述了脂质体作为皮肤局部给药载体的特点、机制、处方设计、实验研究及新型脂质体的研究.结果脂质体作为皮肤局部给药的载体具有许多优点,但作用机制不一,影响因素很多,新型脂质体的研究使脂质体皮肤给药的前景更为广阔.结论外用脂质体制剂将有巨大的发展潜力.     

脂质体作为皮肤局部给药载体的研究进展

目的　了解脂质体作为皮肤局部给药载体的研究进展。方法　以大量有代表性的文献进行分析、归纳,阐述了脂质体作为皮肤局部给药载体的特点、机制、处方设计、实验研究及新型脂质体的研究。结果　脂质体作为皮肤局部给药的载体具有许多优点,但作用机制不一,影响因素很多,新型脂质体的研究使脂质体皮肤给药的前景更为广阔。结论　外用脂质体制剂将有巨大的发展潜力。     

外用药脂质体为载体的透皮制剂研究进展

对脂质体作为外用透皮吸收药物的载体及其与角质层的相互作用、检测技术及临床应用等方面进行综述.     

脂质体作为经皮局部给药载体的研究进展

介绍国内外脂质体作为经皮局部给药载体的研究进展,从脂质体作为经皮局部给药载体特点,脂质体局部给药机制和脂质体局部吸收影响因素等方面进行论述,为研制此类制剂提供依据.在经皮给药系统中,脂质体是一种极具前途的给药载体.     

新型的皮肤给药系统——脂质体

综述了以脂质体作为各种药物进入皮肤的载体，包括促进吸收的机制、脂质体与角质层的作用及其ＤＤＳ制剂的制备方法等．同时列出了有关的专利．     

纳米载体应用于透皮给药系统的研究进展

纳米载体经皮给药系统是近几年经皮给药的研究热点。本文综述了各种纳米载体在经皮给药系统中应用的研究进展,其中囊泡、微乳和固体脂质纳米粒作为经皮给药载体已得到相对深入的研究,而新型纳米载体如胶束、树状大分子和细胞促透多肽等尽管研究较少,但基于其明显的促渗作用,将会为经皮给药系统的研究提供新方向。     

外用中药治疗皮肤创伤的研究进展

近年来外用中药治疗各种类型的皮肤创伤有了较大的进展,越来越多中药用于临床,并取得了较好的临床效果,人们也逐渐开始重视中医药治疗创伤的作用。本文通过查阅文献资料,结合相关的研究经验,对近年来中医药治疗皮肤创伤的机制研究以及中药治疗皮肤创伤的临床应用进行了总结,并对中医药治疗皮肤创伤的发展和应用前景进行了展望。     

微乳和基于微乳的经皮给药制剂的研究进展

近年来,微乳作为一种具有粒径小、渗透性强、溶解度大、易于制备的新型递药载体,在药物制剂的开发过程中得到广泛研究。本文总结了近年来国内外微乳和基于微乳的经皮给药制剂在不同种类药物中应用的相关文献,介绍了微乳的组成、形成机制、优缺点及在各治疗领域的研究实例。微乳具有促进药物透皮吸收、提高稳定性、延长作用时间和降低皮肤刺激性的优势,因此在经皮给药制剂领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Topical drug delivery systems in dermatology: a review of patient adherence issues

Introduction: Until now, the main focus of medication adherence research has been oral drugs. Fewer studies have examined adherence to topical drugs. The issue of patient adherence to topical drugs is particularly significant in relation to chronic skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne, which require long-term use of topical medications.

Areas covered: The authors reviewed the current evidence of adherence to topical therapy in dermatological diseases, mainly focusing on psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne. The predictors or factors influencing adherence to topical therapy are then discussed. In general, the prevalence of poor adherence to topical drugs is high in dermatology. However, this research area remains empirically underdeveloped. We are still facing challenges in measuring topical medication adherence.

Expert opinion: The authors recommend some possible ways to improve topical medication adherence and provide some future research directions. Taking patient preference into consideration in selecting the right topical delivery vehicle is particularly important in improving patient adherence. Better drug design, formulation, or technology may be another important direction. Other possible effective ways to improve topical medication adherence include good physician–patient relationship, patient education, individualized treatment plan, psychological intervention, electronic devices, and return visits.     

Topical alprostadil cream for the treatment of erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has serious negative consequences on both sexual experience and emotional well being and affects a broad range of age groups. The prevalence of ED is associated with increasing age and has been reported to be as high as 70%. Although the disorder is common and underdiagnosed, its treatment can significantly improve patients’ quality of life. Systemic treatment with oral phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors is the current standard of care for patients with ED. Some patients, however, have absolute contraindications for PDE-5 inhibitors. In addition, these agents can be associated with adverse effects. Furthermore, because PDE-5 inhibitors are not as effective in patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy or who have severe vascular disease, a substantial unmet medical need exists among patients who have ED as a result of these conditions. Consequently, PDE-5 inhibitor therapy is associated with a high rate of discontinuation, as are intracavernosal or transurethral therapies, which are inconvenient and invasive. Several studies, including four double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase II trials, show that alprostadil topical cream is efficacious and well-tolerated in ED in patients with mild-to-severe symptoms, in those undergoing treatment for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes and in otherwise healthy ED patients. Thus, alprostadil topical cream is a potential first-choice alternative for ED in patients who do not respond or who cannot tolerate or do not accept PDE-5 inhibitor therapy.     

Novel Beads Made of Alpha-cyclodextrin and Oil for Topical Delivery of a Lipophilic Drug

Purpose To investigate the potential of a novel lipid carrier, comprising beads of alpha-cyclodextrin and soybean oil, for topical drug delivery. Adapalene was chosen as a model drug to explore the ability of the beads to encapsulate and release a highly lipophilic compound. Materials and Methods Adapalene-loaded beads were prepared and characterised. Skin tolerance to unloaded beads was tested on human volunteers, while drug release and delivery into stratum corneum, was evaluated in pig skin ex vivo. Results The preparation and physical characteristics of the beads were not dependent on whether adapalene had been previously dissolved or dispersed in soybean oil. Drug encapsulation efficiency was high (>96%) and drug loading on the order of a therapeutic level could be achieved in freeze-dried beads prepared from an oily dispersion of adapalene. After application to human skin, unloaded beads induced no adverse reaction and were better tolerated than an alcoholic gel. Tape-stripping the stratum corneum from treated pig skin showed that adapalene release and penetration from the beads was comparable to that from gel and cream formulations available on the market. Conclusion These novel beads may offer a well-tolerated and efficient system for the encapsulation and topical delivery of lipophilic drugs.     

探析不合理静脉用药医嘱及干预对策

目的纠正不合理静脉用药医嘱,实施干预对策,避免或减少可能发生的不良反应。方法归类、分析、总结及干预不合理静脉用药医嘱。结果溶媒载量过多、过少,选择溶媒载体品种不当的现象多于超剂量使用,配伍不当,用药频次及给药顺序不当的现象。结论药师通过静脉用药集中配置平台及合理用药干预对策实施后,提升了药物安全、有效的治疗水平。