CH-GP凝胶负载富血小板血浆促进牙周再生效果

目的观察可注射性壳聚糖-β-甘油磷酸钠(CH-GP)凝胶负载富血小板血浆(PRP)修复牙周组织缺损的效果。方法选取3只健康雄性杂种犬,制备第二、第三前磨牙共24颗Ⅱ度根分叉区缺损模型,随机分为空白对照组(A组)、CH-GP组(B组)、PRP组(C组)、CH-GP+PRP组(D组)。术中先严密缝合各组牙周缺损处组织瓣,再按照分组将B、C、D组凝胶注射入相应牙周缺损模型处,A组不作处理。术后8周取材,组织学观察新生牙槽骨(NB)、新生牙骨质(NC)及新生牙周膜组织(NPL)的长度。结果 C组和D组NB、NC及NPL长度与A组相比差异有显著性(F=6.54～11.37,q=3.65～9.84,P<0.05);并且D组NB、NC及NPL长度与C组相比差异有显著性(q=3.12～8.26,P<0.05);A组和B组NB、NC和NPL长度比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 CH-GP凝胶负载PRP可有效促进牙周组织再生,是一种有潜力的牙周组织再生手段。     

壳聚糖温敏凝胶并PRP对骨髓基质细胞增殖分化影响

目的观察壳聚糖温敏凝胶与富血小板血浆(PRP)混合物浸提液对犬骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)增殖分化的影响。方法制备壳聚糖温敏凝胶及PRP,将二者按不同体积比混合后分为5组:A组,纯壳聚糖温敏凝胶;B组,壳聚糖温敏凝胶∶PRP=2∶1;C组,壳聚糖温敏凝胶∶RP=1∶1;D组,壳聚糖温敏凝胶∶PRP=1∶2;E组,纯PRP,单纯培养液作为对照组。骨髓穿刺法原代培养犬BMSCs,通过MTT法及ALP试剂盒观察以上各组浸提液及单纯培养液对第3代犬BMSCs增殖及分化的影响。结果与对照组比较,B、C、D、E组浸提液均可以促进BMSCs的增殖及ALP水平的表达(F=8.22～112.31,P<0.01)。结论壳聚糖温敏凝胶混合PRP后可以缓释PRP,促进犬BMSCs增殖分化,有望作为支架材料用于牙周组织再生的研究。     

电针内关穴对异丙肾上腺素致心肌缺血大鼠的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨采用不可逆电穿孔法消融对同种异体肌腱移植修复兔肌腱缺损的可行性及消融术后组织转归情况。方法 将新西兰大白兔112只随机分为自体肌腱移植组（A组）28只,深低温冷冻同种异体肌腱移植组（B组）28只,不可逆电穿孔消融法（IRE）灭活同种异体肌腱移植组（C组）28只和假手术对照组（D组）28只。各组制备动物后肢第3趾深屈肌腱缺损模型,并采用处理后的肌腱修复缺损;分别于术后1、4、8、12周取材行微血管定量、组织学观察及生物力学测试。 结果 术后各组移植肌腱直径比较均无统计学意义（P > 005）。组织学观察提示B组修复再生速度较慢,表现为成纤维细胞爬行替代及微血管再生能力均低于A、C组。微血管灌注观察提示：微血管有效灌注面积在术后1周时A、B、C组显著低于D组（P < 005）,术后4、8、12周时B组显著低于A、C、D组（P< 005）,且8周时A、C组显著高于D组（P < 005）。生物力学测试提示：B、D组比较移植肌腱最大载荷及硬度仅在术后4周时差异有统计学意义（P< 005）,其余时间点各组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P > 005）。各时间点各组移植肌腱破损形变比较,差异均无统计学意义（P > 005）。 结论 采用IRE灭活的同种异体肌腱修复兔肌腱缺损切实可行,术后移植肌腱组织形态及生物力学性能恢复与自体肌腱移植组无显著差异。     

牙龈间充质干细胞与牙周膜干细胞膜片牙周再生能力的实验研究

【摘要】 目的 对比牙龈间充质干细胞（GMSCs）与牙周膜干细胞（PDLSCs）膜片的牙周再生能力。方法 制备能够稳定表达增强绿色荧光蛋白（eGFP）的GMSCs和PDLSCs膜片及雄性比格犬牙周炎Ⅲ度根分叉病变模型4只（均选择双侧下全面第2、3、4前磨牙作为手术牙位制备模型）,分别将GMSCs、PDLSCs膜片移植入模型作为GMSCs组和PDLSCs组,不植入膜片作为空白对照组。8周后处死动物,评价2种膜片对牙周缺损的修复能力。结果 HE染色组织形态学分析、免疫组织化学分析、天狼星红染色结果均显示GMSCs和PDLSCs能够有效促进牙周组织再生,效果明显好于空白对照组（P＜005）。但2种膜片再生能力对比差异无统计学意义（P＞005）。结论 GMSCs与PDLSCs膜片均具备良好的牙周再生能力。     

后路内固定融合术治疗Denis不同分型胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨后路内固定融合术治疗Denis不同分型胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法 将116例胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者,按照Denis不同分型分为A、B、C、D组。所有患者均采取后路内固定融合术治疗。术前术后行胸腰椎X片检查。于术前、术后1d、术后3个月评价患者的腰椎功能,于术前和术后1天评价患者的疼痛程度。另对末次随访时根据患者的恢复情况评价手术疗效,比较组间差异。结果〓四组患者术后12个月内,胸腰部功能快速恢复;12个月以后,胸腰部功能基本保持稳定。组间比较,A组术后12个月评分明显高于B、C、D三组（P＜005）,B、C、D三组组间无明显差异（P＞005）。四组患者术后VAS评分显著下降。组间比较,A组术后1d评分明显高于B、C、D三组,具有统计学差异（P＜005）,B、C、D三组组间无明显差异（P＞005）。A组痊愈率和有效率均明显低于B、C、D组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜005）。结论 后路内固定融合术治疗胸腰压缩性骨折B、C、D三种组疗效明显优于A组,临床应考虑根据骨折各亚型选择合适的术式。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀钙治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及其相关因素的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀钙治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与血管内皮功能的影响。 方法 选择2015年2月～2017年8月我院接诊的96例急性脑梗死患者,通过随机数表法分为A组（48例）和B组（48例）,在常规对症治疗基础上,两组均使用阿托伐他汀治疗,A组剂量10mg/次·d,B组剂量20mg/次·d,均连续治疗3个月。比较两组临床疗效、血脂、颈动脉内膜及中膜厚度（IMT）、斑块面积、血管内皮功能、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分及不良反应。结果 治疗后,B组总有效率明显高于A组（P＜005）,两组血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL C）较治疗前均显著降低（P＜005）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL C）明显升高（P＜005）,B组TC、TG、LDL C明显低于A组,HDL C明显比A组高（P＜005）,两组颈动脉IMT、斑块面积较治疗前均显著缩小（P＜005）,B组颈动脉IMT、斑块面积明显小于A组（P＜005）;两组一氧化氮（NO）、血管舒张功能（FMD）较治疗前均显著增加(P＜005),内皮素（ET 1）显著降低（P＜005）,B组NO、FMD明显高于A组(P＜005),ET 1明显比B组低（P＜005）;两组NIHSS评分较治疗前均显著降低（P＜005）,B组NIHSS评分明显低于A组（P＜005）;两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞005）。结论 在急性脑梗死患者中使用大剂量（20mg/次·d）的阿托伐他汀钙效果更加显著,可有效改善患者血脂、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块、血管内皮功能及神经功能,且不增加药物不良反应,可供临床参考。     

四种远端疝囊处理方法预防腹股沟阴囊疝术后血清肿的效果比较

【摘要】目的 比较四种远端疝囊处理方法,减少腹股沟阴囊疝无张力修补术后血清肿的发生。方法 纳入2015年1月～2018年12月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院东院腹股沟阴囊疝开放疝修补手术患者共247例。按照远端疝囊处理方式不同,将入组患者随机分为A组51例（行远端疝囊旷置）、 B组77例（行远端疝囊旷置+开窗术）、C组53例（行远端疝囊旷置+残腔作连续螺旋内荷包缝扎）、D组66例（行远端疝囊内面予2%石碳酸烧灼）。随访时记录术后血清肿等并发症情况。结果 四组患者在年龄分布、体重指数、疝分型、疝修补方式等资料进行比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞005）。四组患者术后睾丸萎缩例数进行比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜005）;组间两两比较发现, B、C两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0020);D、C两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0004);C组导致睾丸萎缩的可能性更高一些。四组患者术后第7天、术后1月和术后3月疼痛评分进行比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜005）;术后第七天,A组与B组疼痛评分比较差异无统计学意义(P=0638) ,C组与D组疼痛评分比较差异无统计学意义(P=0891),其他组间疼痛评分两两比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜005）;AB两组疼痛评分高于CD两组, AB两组比CD两组的疼痛程度更大一些。在术后1月和术后3月,AB两组比CD两组的疼痛程度更大一些。四组患者术后血清肿例数比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0001）,组间两两比较发现,A、B两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0880),C、D两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0909),其他组间两两比较的差异均有统计学意义（均P＜005）。AB两组术后血清肿例数高于C+D两组, A+B两组比C+D两组发生术后血清肿的可能性更大一些。结论 与远端疝囊旷置和远端疝囊旷置+开窗相比,远端疝囊内面石碳酸搽拭与远端疝囊旷置+残腔作连续螺旋内荷包缝扎能减少术后第7天、术后1月和术后3月的术后疼痛评分,能减少术后血清肿的发生,而远端疝囊旷置+残腔作连续螺旋内荷包缝扎可能会增加术后睾丸萎缩的风险。     

β-trophin在非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病机制中的作用研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨β trophin在非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）发病机制中的作用。方法 选取我院2016年1月～2016年8月收治的100例NAFLD患者（NAFLD组）和50例同期于我院体检正常者（对照组）作为研究对象。用回顾性分析法分析所有纳入研究者的临床资料，包括腹部B超检查和血清β trophin及肝肾功能等相关生化指标水平等。根据B超检查结果将100例NAFLD患者分为轻度、中度和重度，并比较不同纳入研究者上述资料的差异及分析血清β trophin与其他指标相关性。结果 两组Cr、BUN和UA水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞005）； NAFLD组血清β trophin、AST和ALT水平均高于对照组，且随着其病情加重，上述指标水平更高（P＜005）；两组FPG水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞005）；NAFLD组TG、LDL c、FINS、HbAlc和HOMA IR水平均高于对照组，而HDL C较对照组降低，且随着病情越严重，其上述指标上升和降低程度越大（P＜005）；血清β trophin与AST、ALT、TG、LDL c、FINS、HbAlc和HOMA IR呈正相关，与HDL C呈负相关（P＜005）。结论 β trophin可能在胰岛素抵抗以及脂代谢调节方面具有一定的生化作用，从而导致NAFLD的发生和进展。     

老年糖尿病患者牙周指数与血脂、血糖相关性分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨牙周指数与老年糖尿病患者血糖、血脂的相关性。方法 根据是否患有牙周炎将98例老年糖尿病患者分为糖尿病+牙周炎组（n=46）和糖尿病组（n=52）。另随机选择健康人群30例为对照组。比较各组受试者血小板参数、凝血四项、血糖、血脂。比较糖尿病患者的牙周指数,并进行与血糖、血脂各指标的相关分析。结果 3组血小板参数、凝血四项、血糖、血脂比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜005）。糖尿病+牙周炎组PLT、MPV明显高于对照组及糖尿病组,PT、FIB明显低于对照组及糖尿病组（P＜001）。糖尿病+牙周炎组TC、TG、LDL水平明显高于糖尿病组及对照组;HDL水平明显低于糖尿病组及对照组（P＜005）。糖尿病+牙周炎组龈沟出血指数（SBI）、附着丧失（AL）值高于糖尿病组（P＜001）。各牙周指标与FPG、HbAlc、TC呈正相关（P＜005）,与HDL呈负相关（P＜005）;简化牙石指数（CI S）与LDL呈正相关（P＜005）,其余牙周指标与LDL均无相关性（P＞005）。结论 牙周炎可能通过影响老年糖尿病患者血糖、血脂水平增加微血管病变风险,加重病情。     

超声对儿童孤立性左心室心肌致密化不全整体左心功能的评价

【摘要】目的 研究不同左心室收缩功能状态下孤立性左心室心肌致密化不全（iLNVC）患儿ICT、IRT、ET以及Tei指数的差异,探索iLNVC对儿童左室心功能的影响。方法 纳入45例iLNVM患儿（A组：15例左心室收缩功能减低,LVEF＜55%;B组：30例左心室收缩功能正常,LVEF≥55%）与正常对照组（C组：30例）,检测各组左心室ICT、IRT、ET以及Tei指数间差异。结果 A组ICT较C组延长（P＜005）;A组的IRT最长,B组次之,C组最短（P＜005）;A、B、C组ET比较差异无统计学意义（P＞005）; A组的Tei指数最大,B组次之,C组最小（P＜005）。结论 iLNVC患儿出现左心室收缩功能减低前可能已存在舒张功能的异常,利用Tei指数评价左心室整体功能,有助于早期发现iLNVC患儿的左心室心功能异常。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.