玩具制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患及其危险因素研究

目的调查玩具制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的发生情况,探讨相关影响因素。方法采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选择电子版《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷(修改版)》,对某玩具厂205名在岗作业工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患进行调查,并对其相关危险与影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果获得的184份有效问卷中,工人不同部位WMSDs年发生率179%～391%,前四位依次为肩部(391%)、颈部(375%)、手腕部(326%)和下背部(288%)。各部位不同工种之间WMSDs发生率,除下背部外差异均具有统计学意义(P001)。与办公室人员比较,搪胶工肩部和手腕部WMSDs发生率差异具有统计学意义(P005)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,不同部位WMSDs可能的危险因素不同:肩部和颈部为颈部长时间保持同一姿势(OR=590,527)以及过度或不合理的体育锻炼(OR=291, 351);手腕部为长时间弯曲(OR=371)、班组人员短缺(OR72)。下背部防止WMSDs可能的保护因素为工作姿势舒适(OR=0率较高,亟须根据WMSDs的职业、个体、社会心理、组织管理因素制定相关措施,降低WMSDs对工人健康的不良影响。     

某船舶制造厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的发生情况及危险因素

[目的]调查某船舶制造厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的发生情况,探讨可能的危险因素。[方法]采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用经修订的肌肉骨骼损伤情况调查问卷,对我国某船舶制造厂工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患与工效学负荷以及心理社会因素开展调查。采用卡方检验以及logistic回归分析导致WMSDs发生的危险因素。[结果]共发放问卷830份,收回有效问卷809份(有效率97.5%)。工人各部位WMSDs年发生率为12.2%~39.4%,发生率排在前四位的部位依次是下背部(39.4%)、颈部(31.3%)、手腕部(26.8%)和肩部(26.3%)。下背部、颈部、手腕部、膝部和踝/足部WMSDs的发生率在不同工种之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:弯腰同时转身是导致下背部和肩部(OR=1.53,1.68)、手腕部长时间弯曲是导致手腕部(OR=1.62)WMSDs的危险因素;身高是导致下背部(OR=1.03)WMSDs的危险因素;经常加班是导致下背部和手腕部(OR=1.62,1.55)WMSDs的危险因素;主观工作姿势舒适是下背部、颈部、手腕部和肩部(OR=0.68,0.52,0.62,0.54)的保护因素;自主控制工作进度是手腕部(OR=0.67)WMSDs的保护因素;工作节奏快是导致颈部、手腕部和肩部(OR=1.60,1.66,1.60)WMSDs的危险因素;上司关心下属是颈部和肩部(OR=0.67,0.69)WMSDs的保护因素。[结论]造船业工人WMSDs的发生率较高,亟须根据WMSDs的职业、个体、心理社会因素制定相关措施,以降低此类疾患对工人健康的不良影响。     

某汽车制造企业员工职业性肌肉骨骼疾患及相关危险因素研究

目的调查某汽车制造企业员工职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)情况及影响因素。方法采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用经过信效度检验、适用于我国人群的《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷(修改版)》,对某汽车制造企业人员近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患及其危险因素进行调查。采用卡方检验以及Logistic回归分析导致WMSDs发生的影响因素。结果共填写调查问卷491份,其中有效问卷484份,回收率98.6%。调查对象各部位WMSDs发生率12.0%～25.2%,发病率从高到低前四位依次为颈部(25.2%)、肩部(18.6%)、踝/足部(18.4%)和下背部(16.9%),上背部、手/腕部和踝/足部WMSDs年发生率在一线和非一线员工之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05),手/腕部和踝/足部WMSDs年发生率在不同车间之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,背部弯曲是肩部和下背部发生WMSDs的危险因素(OR=2.04,2.73),经常站立、加班和人员缺乏是踝/足部发生WMSDs的危险因素(OR=2.89,2.53,1.89),经常搬运重物和不舒服的姿势工作是导致下背部发生WMSDs的危险因素(OR=1.99,2.48),背部长期保持同一个姿势和吸烟是颈部发生WMSDs的危险因素(OR=1.71,1.86);而身体锻炼、休息充足分别是肩部、颈部和踝/足部发生WMSDs的保护因素(OR=0.56,0.55,0.43)。结论汽车制造企业员工WMSDs的发生率较高,应根据WMSDs发生的影响因素制定相关措施,切实保护劳动者健康。     

汽车制造工人肌肉骨骼疾患及不良工效学因素的调查与分析

目的了解汽车制造企业工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的患病情况及相关不良工效学因素。方法采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选择重庆市某汽车制造厂523名男性作业人员为研究对象;选用电子版《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷(修改版)》(NMQ)调查其WMSDs患病情况;采用多因素Logistic回归分析其不良工效学因素。结果 523名研究对象的WMSDs总发生率为54.1%,各部位WMSDs发生率由高到低依次为颈部(29.6%)、足部(27.7%)、肩部(25.8%)、手部(25.8%)、上背部(20.1%)、膝部(16.8%)、下背部(15.5%)、腿部(14.3%)和肘部(10.9%);多部位WMSDs总发生率为38.4%,≥2个部位WMSDs发生率最高的工种依次为钳工(50.0%)、技术人员(50.0%)、装配工(42.7%)、焊工(25.8%)和操作工(25.6%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,颈部大幅前倾或头后仰、长时间保持同一姿势和长时间转头是颈部WMSDs的主要风险因素(P0.05);肩部长时间保持同一姿势、手在肩部以上作业是肩部WMSDs的主要风险因素(P0.05);反复做同一动作和长时间站立是足部WMSDs的主要风险因素(P0.05)。结论汽车制造企业工人WMSDs高发,各部位WMSDs与其存在的不良工效学因素密切相关,应加强工效学干预,降低作业工人WMSDs的发生。     

某油田钻井工人肌肉骨骼疾患现状及危险因素研究

目的了解钻井工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的患病及其危险因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法进行问卷调查,用logistic回归分析多因素的作用。结果 1 516名钻井工人肌肉骨骼疾患患病率依次为腰部34.0%、颈部27.0%、肩部25.8%、背部13.9%、膝部6.2%;单因素分析显示,年龄、工龄、工种、重复性操作、推拉重物、环境条件均可能是影响肌肉骨骼疾患的因素(P0.05);多因素回归分析显示,年龄、工龄、重复性操作、推拉重物、环境条件是影响腰WMSDs的主要因素。结论钻井工人WMSDs患病率较高,并随着年龄增长呈增加趋势;年龄、工龄、重复性操作、推拉重物、环境不良条件是腰部患病的危险因素。     

某鞋厂工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患发病状况及危险因素分析

采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用经过信效度检验的《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷(修改版)》,对泉州某鞋厂886名作业工人进行了肌肉骨骼疾患与工效学负荷因素的调查。结果显示,886名作业工人各部位WMSDs发生率为6.8%～17.0%,主要发生部位依次为颈部(17.0%)、肩部(15.3%)、手/腕部(13.0%)、下背部(12.4%)。多因素分析结果显示,以不舒服的姿势工作、长时间坐位工作和本工种工龄是导致颈部WMSDs的危险因素(OR=1.77,1.34,1.05);以不舒服的姿势工作是肩部、下背部、手/腕部WMSDs的危险因素(OR=1.91,3.10,1.63);与同事轮流完成工作是肩部WMSDs的保护因素(OR=0.56)。     

制鞋业生产工人肌肉骨骼疾患的流行病学调查

目的通过调查制鞋业生产人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)发病情况,探讨可能的相关影响因素。方法选择285名制鞋业生产人员进行肌肉骨骼疾患与相关因素的流行病学调查,应用多因素Logistic回归分析方法探讨其主要影响因素。结果制鞋业生产人员WMSDs患病率为49.8%,患病率居前三位的部位为颈部、肩部和下背(腰部),且该患病率有随工龄增加而上升的趋势(P0.05)。Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,颈部和下背(腰部)WMSDs的影响因素涉及工效学负荷、心理状态和劳动组织等方面。结论制鞋业生产人员WMSDs发生可能与工效学负荷、心理状态、工作组织等有关。     

生物制药企业员工肌肉骨骼疾患及其危险因素研究

目的探讨生物药品制造企业员工职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)发生状况及可能的影响因素。方法采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用《中文版肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》电子问卷系统对某生物制药厂部分车间286名员工近1年肌肉骨骼疾患的发生情况进行调查。结果该企业员工WMSDs的年发生率为664%,各部位肌肉骨骼疾患年发生率63%～458%,发病部位居前三位的依次是颈部(458%)、肩部(332%)和上背部(287%),下背部、手腕部、腿部、膝部和踝/足部WMSDs的发生率在不同工种之间的差异具有统计学意义(P005)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,长时间保持低头姿势和背部弯曲分别是导致颈部和上背部WMSDs的危险因素(P005),休息时间充足和经常体育锻炼分别是预防颈部和上背部WMSDs的保护因素(P005)。结论生物制药企业员工WMSDs年发生率较高,亟需制定有针对性的干预措施,以降低WMSDs对员工健康的影响,如搬运过程中缩短手臂与身体的水平距离,调整不良作业姿势,减少重复性作业,合理安排工作时间等。     

汽车制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患与工作组织因素的相关性研究

目的调查汽车制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)发生情况及其工作组织影响因素。方法采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用经修订的《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》和中文版《工作付出-回报失衡(ERI)量表问卷》,对某汽车制造厂554名工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患患病与工作组织以及社会心理情况进行调查。结果该厂工人WMSDs发生率为661%;不同部位的发生率为114%～395%,其中前四位的依次为颈部(395%)、下背部(348%)、肩部(347%)和踝/足部(339%)。控制潜在混杂因素后发现,休息时间充足(OR=043)、自主选择工作间休息(OR=047)和与同事轮流完成工作(OR=058)是下背部WMSDs的保护因素;每天工作时长(加班)(OR=265)和工作涉及寒冷/凉风或气温变化(OR=177)是下背部WMSDs的危险因素;工间休息时间充足(OR=039)和休息次数(OR=05)是踝/足部WMSDs的保护因素;人员短缺(OR=159)和工作每天重复(OR=287)是肩部WMSDs的危险因素。结论汽车制造工人WMSDs的发生率较高,工作组织因素可能对工人WMSDs产生一定的影响。     

上海市闵行区电子行业作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患发生情况及影响因素研究

目的 调查上海市闵行区电子行业作业工人工作有关肌肉骨骼疾患（work-related muscular skeletal disorders,WMSDs）的发生情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法 选取闵行区8家电子行业企业1 426名生产工人作为研究对象,采用横断面调查方法,发放调查问卷,调查工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患的发生情况,并采用logistic模型对工人肌肉骨骼疾患的影响因素进行分析。结果 回收有效问卷1 319份,有效率92.5%。工人不同身体部位WMSDs的年发生率在3.6%～23.0%之间,发生率最高的依次为颈部（23.0%）、肩部（20.0%）和下背部（10.4%）。焊锡工手腕部WMSDs的年发生率（10.7%）最高,车间管理员踝/足部WMSDs的年发生率（15.4%）最高（P <0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：背部长时间保持同一姿势是颈部、肩部和下背部WMSDs发生的危险因素（OR=1.56、1.45、1.86,P <0.05）;长时间坐位工作（OR=1.60、2.44）、颈部长时间保持同一姿势（OR=2.30、1.79）、背部稍弯曲（OR=1...     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.