Clinical efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine nano-emulsion in the treatment of dry eye syndrome associated with meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of topical 0.05% cyclosporine nano-emulsion in the treatment of dry eye syndrome (DES) with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: This prospective study included 64 patients with DES and MGD who were randomly assigned to three groups: Group 1 (n=24, conventional cyclosporine), Group 2 (n=21, nano-emulsion cyclosporine), and Group 3 (n=19, control). Lid margin telangiectasia (LMT), meibomian gland secretion (MGS), conjunctival injection (CI), corneal staining (CS), tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test I (STI), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and lipid layer thickness (LLT) was evaluated at 4, 8, and 12wk of treatment. RESULTS: In Group 3 (control), LMT, CS, and CI improved after 8wk, MGS, TBUT after 12wk of treatment. In Group 1 (conventional cyclosporine), LMT, MGS, and TBUT improved significantly after 4wk, whereas CS, CI, STI, and LLT improved significantly after 8wk, and OSDI at 12wk. In Group 2 (nano-cyclosporine), LMT, MGS, CS, CI, TBUT, and OSDI significantly improved after 4wk, and STI after 8wk. Especially, LLT was significantly higher than other groups after 4wk. CONCLUSION: Cyclosporine and nano-cyclosporine shows significant improvement in DES with MGD than the control group. In contrast, the nano-cyclosporine group shows more statistically improved CI and CS at 4wk, especially LLT at 4, 8, and 12wk compared to the conventional cyclosporine group.     

【In Press】Cinical efficacy of combined topical 0.05% cyclosporin A and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate in the dry eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of combined topical 0.05% cyclosporin A (CsA, Restasis®, Allergan pharmaceuticals, USA) and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate treatment in dry eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, 53 patients (106 eyes) with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were enrolled and performed lid warm massage for 10min daily and be instilled preservative free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% eye drops 4 times daily. Patients were divided into subjects treated with topical 0.05% cyclosporine A and preservative free sodium hyaluronate vehicle (CsA group, n=74 eyes) and subjects treated with the preservative free sodium hyaluronate vehicle (control group, n=32 eyes). They were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3mo for subjective symptoms and objective signs including tear break-up time, schirmer test, corneal staining score, lid margin telangiectasia, meibomian gland secretion, and conjunctival injection. RESULTS: In the short-term treatment, CsA group showed a statistically significant improvement in the ocular surface disease index (P<0.001), tear film break-up time (P=0.004), schirmer test score (P=0.008) and lid margin telangiectasia (P=0.021) by repeated measure ANOVA. Additionally, mean changes from baseline in ocular surface disease index (P<0.001), tear film breakup time (P=0.001), schirmer test score (P=0.029), corneal staining score (P=0.047), eyelid margin telangiectasia (P=0.002), conjunctival injection (P=0.030) were improved better in CsA group than in the control group at 3mo. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in meibomian gland secretion (P=0.67). CONCLUSIONS: In dry eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction, 0.05% cyclosporin A improves the tear film stability as well as subjective ocular discomfort, and is effective in controlling lid margin inflammation.     

Intraductal meibomian gland probing and its efficacy in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of dry eye, affecting millions worldwide. Intraductal meibomian gland probing (MGP) aims to open obstructed meibomian glands using a small probe to promote meibum secretion. MGP has received increasing interest since 2010, and we critically evaluated the literature on the efficacy and safety of MGP. Despite positive results of MGP on dry eye symptoms in early single-group studies, MGP was not shown to consistently outperform controls in later controlled trials. Furthermore, MGP alone did not show improvement beyond placebo in the only placebo-controlled RCT conducted. Overall, the procedure appears safe. Self-limited intraoperative bleeding was frequent, but no major complications were reported. In conclusion, MGP has not yet been shown to be an effective treatment for MGD. Larger placebo-controlled trials need to be conducted to establish the potential effect of this novel treatment modality.     

Effect of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A on the tear protein lacritin in a rat model of dry eye

AIM: To observe the effect of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) on the ocular surface and tear protein lacritin in a botulinum B-induced dry eye rat model. METHODS: A total of 36 female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, botulinum B was injected into the right lacrimal gland of all rats. Group A and group B were treated with 0.05% CsA and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate, respectively, 3 times daily. The control group was not treated. Basal tear flow, corneal epithelial defects, and lacritin levels were measured. RESULTS: Tear secretion in all rats was reduced on day 3 and was even lower on day 7 postoperation (P<0.05). Tear secretion in group A increased by day 14 and was at the preoperative level on day 42. Tear secretion in group B and control rats was lower on days 14 and 42 compared with preoperative level (P<0.05). Corneal fluorescein staining in group A was higher on day 3, peaked on day 7, and then decreased gradually from day 7 until day 14, returning to normal by day 42 post-procedure. However, in group B, corneal fluorescein staining had improved, but was not fully recovered by day 42. Corneal fluorescein staining was more intense than before the operation and then in the control group at all time points. Tear protein lacritin levels reached the lowest levels on day 7 in all groups. In group A, tear protein lacritin levels began to increase on day 14 and were normal on day 42. In group B, tear protein lacritin levels began to increase on day 14, but had not completely recovered on day 42. In the control group, tear protein lacritin levels remained low post-procedure. CONCLUSION: CsA 0.05% prompts tear protein lacritin expression in a rat model of dry eye and improves the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease.     

睑板腺功能障碍所致干眼的治疗

睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfuction,MGD)是一种慢性、弥漫性睑板腺异常,它通常以睑板腺终末导管的阻塞和(或)睑板腺分泌物质或量改变为特征,睑板腺阻塞是MGD最常见的原因,而MGD是蒸发过强性干眼最主要的病因,近年来随着MGD所致及干眼症的发病率提高,也受到越来越多的国内外学者的关注,虽然国际上对MGD的治疗等尚无统一标准,但现比较认可的治疗方法主要是去除病因、局部和全身治疗,包括物理治疗、药物治疗、人工泪液替代疗法、营养支持治疗、激素治疗、中医治疗等,本文主要就近年来国内外关于MGD所致干眼症的治疗做一综述。     

Effect of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A on corneal endothelium in patients with dry eye disease

AIM:To determine the effect of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) on corneal endothelium in patients with dry eye disease.METHODS: Observational, prospective, case series study. Fifty-five eyes of 29 consecutive patients (9 males and 20 females; median age:66.8 years, interquartile range:61-73.2 years) with moderate-severe dry eye disease were evaluated. All patients were treated with topical 0.05% CsA ophthalmic emulsion twice a day in addition to lubricant eyedrops 5 times a day. The follow-up period was 12 months. Before treatment and at 3 and 12 months post-treatment central corneal specular microscopy was performed. The endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation of cell size (CoV), and percentage of hexagonal cells (Hex %) were analyzed.RESULTS: The median ECDs pre-treatment and at 3 and 12 months post-treatment were 2 352.5/mm² (interquartile range, 2 178-2 548.5), 2364/mm² (interquartile range, 2 174.25-2 657.5), and 2366 cells/mm² (interquartile range, 2 174.75-2 539.75), respectively (P=0.927, one way ANOVA). The median CoVs pre-treatment and at 3 and 12 months post-treatment were 34.5 (interquartile range, 30-37), 35 (interquartile range, 30-38), and 34 (interquartile range, 30.75-38.25), respectively (P=0.7193, one way ANOVA). The median Hex % values pre-treatment and at 3 and 12 months post-treatment were 53 (interquartile range, 47-58), 54 (interquartile range, 45.75-59), and 50.5 (interquartile range, 45.75-58), respectively (P=0.824, one way ANOVA).CONCLUSION: Treatment of patients with dry eye disease for 12 months with topical 0.05% CsA does not seem to cause substantial changes on corneal endothelium.     

强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩治疗MGD相关性干眼疗效的Meta分析

目的:评价强脉冲光(IPL)联合睑板腺按摩(MGX)治疗睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)相关性干眼(DED)的有效性。方法:检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普中文期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、ClinicalTrials、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science数据库,纳入2017-01/2022-09试验组采用IPL联合MGX,对照组单纯运用MGX治疗MGD相关性干眼的临床随机对照试验研究(RCTs)。采用Review Manager 5.3和Stata 14软件对临床疗效、眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评分、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色(CFS)评分、泪河高度(TMH)以及睑板腺分泌物性质评分(MGYSS)6个结局指标进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入15篇RCTs, MGD相关性干眼患者1 345例。Meta分析结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组治疗MGD相关性干眼可更好的提高临床疗效(OR=4.95, 95%CI:2.76～8.90,Z=5.35,P<0.00001)、BUT(SMD=1.26, 95%CI:0.84～1....     

睑板腺功能障碍性干眼的临床检查

近年来,干眼症越来越受到人们的重视,对干眼的研究已成为一个热点.而睑板腺功能障碍已成为干眼的主要原因.本文复习了干眼检查方面的文献,以脂质层的检查为主对睑板腺功能障碍性干眼患者的临床检查做一综述.     

强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩治疗睑板腺功能障碍

目的:比较强脉冲光(IPL)联合睑板腺按摩和单纯睑板腺按摩对睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)的短期疗效差异。方法:选取2019-10/2020-01在四川大学华西医院眼科就诊的MGD患者共40例80眼,随机分为试验组和对照组,两组均接受3次治疗,每次治疗中试验组双眼接受IPL联合睑板腺按摩,对照组双眼接受单纯睑板腺按摩,治疗时间间隔为2wk,整个试验期间两组均双眼应用玻璃酸钠每天4次,在每次治疗之前及最后一次治疗2wk后进行指标评估,从而评估IPL联合睑板腺按摩的短期疗效。结果:治疗后两组OSDI、SPEED评分均降低(P<0.05),两组间无差异(P>0.05)。两组睑板腺功能评估(MGE)、泪膜脂质层厚度(LLT)均升高,对照组升高较试验组慢,且第二、三次治疗后试验组MGE高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组泪膜破裂时间(BUT)均升高。两组角膜染色均下降,对照组下降较试验组慢,但两组间无差异(P>0.05)。两组视觉质量持续改善,但对照组改善较试验组慢,两组间无差异(P>0.05)。两组泪液分泌、不完全眨眼比例、睑板腺缺失率无明显变化(P>0.05)。所有受试者未出现皮肤、视力损害、眼压改变、眼前节炎症等并发症。结论:IPL联合睑板腺按摩与单纯睑板腺按摩对MGD均安全有效。IPL见效更快,效果可能有累积效应,在达到一定治疗次数后疗效更好。     

局部应用地塞米松治疗睑板腺功能障碍相关性干眼的疗效观察

目的  比较单纯应用抗生素以及联合糖皮质激素治疗睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）相关性干眼的临床效果。设计  前瞻性比较性病例系列。研究对象  2012年5月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院眼科中心诊断为MGD相关性干眼患者42例（84眼）。方法  随机选择其中22例（44眼）为试验组,应用妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏+羟糖甘滴眼液+局部热敷;20例（40眼）为对照组应用妥布霉素眼膏+羟糖甘滴眼液+局部热敷。于治疗前和治疗后1、2和4周观察睑板腺功能及其干眼相关检测指标的变化及症状改善情况。主要指标 睑板腺功能方面：裂隙灯显微镜下评价眼睑睑缘变化,睑板腺开口的变化,睑板腺分泌物性状评分,睑板腺脂质排出难易度评分;干眼方面： Schirmer I试验（SIt）、泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）、角膜荧光素染色（CFS）情况及症状评分。结果  治疗前,试验组和对照组在年龄、MGD病程、MGD体征和干眼体征等各项指标均无统计学差异（P均>0.05）。与治疗前相比,治疗后1、2、4周,实验组和对照组的分泌物性状评分、睑板腺脂质排出难易度评分和症状评分均明显降低,TBUT均明显增加（P均<0.05）。两组的CFS评分在治疗后2、4周比治疗前均明显降低（P均<0.05）。治疗后1、2周时,与对照组相比,试验组的睑板腺分泌物性状评分和睑板腺挤压试验评分明显较低,而在治疗后各时间点TBUT值明显较高（P均<0.05）。结论  单纯抗生素以及联合糖皮质激素治疗对MGD相关性干眼均有疗效,但后者在改善症状及体征方面效果更优。     

3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液治疗睑板腺功能障碍相关性干眼

目的：研究3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液治疗睑板腺功能障碍相关性干眼的疗效。

方法：选取2020-05/2021-05就诊于杭州市中医院眼科的睑板腺功能障碍相关性干眼患者280例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为治疗组(160例320眼)及对照组(120例240眼)。对照组予养血润目颗粒剂联合0.3%玻璃酸钠滴眼液,治疗组予养血润目颗粒剂联合3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液治疗。两组均连续用药4wk。分别于治疗前、治疗后2、4wk测定以下指标：眼表疾病评分指数(OSDI)评分,基础泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)、眼表综合分析测定泪河高度(TMH)、非侵入性泪膜破裂时间(NITBUT),睑板腺睑脂分泌通畅度评分,睑板腺管缺失评分,测定泪液中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,以评估两种治疗方法的疗效。

结果：治疗组及对照组总体有效率分别为95.6%、81.7%(P<0.05)。治疗2、4wk后两组OSDI评分、NITBUT、睑板腺管缺失评分、睑板腺睑脂分泌通畅度评分、泪液炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6水平较治疗前均有差异(P<0.05),且治疗组优于对照组; 两组治疗前后SⅠt与TMH组间均无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液可通过延长泪膜的稳态促进睑板腺的正常分泌,还可抑制泪液中炎症因子的释放等作用治疗睑板腺功能障碍相关性干眼。     

睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼的诊疗进展

近年来随着电子产品终端使用频率的增加,干眼的发病率也逐年攀升,严重影响人们的工作与生活。干眼是最常见的眼表疾病,通常由多种因素引起,其中睑板腺功能障碍是引起干眼的主要因素之一。睑板腺分泌异常或导管阻塞均会引起蒸发过强型干眼的发生。本综述通过总结相关文献,对睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼的病因、病理、诊断、相关治疗进行阐述。     

地夸磷索钠联合强脉冲光治疗角膜屈光手术后睑板腺功能障碍性干眼

目的:观察地夸磷索钠联合强脉冲光(IPL)对屈光术后睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)性干眼的治疗效果。方法:选取2021-03/12在本院进行激光角膜屈光手术后6mo内确诊的MGD性干眼患者64例128眼。随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组患者33例66眼接受玻璃酸钠联合IPL治疗,试验组患者31例62眼接受地夸磷索钠联合IPL治疗。两组患者每次IPL治疗前均进行眼部症状评分,检查非接触式泪膜破裂时间(NIBUT)、泪河高度、泪膜脂质层分级、睑板腺缺失率及裸眼视力。结果:IPL治疗后,两组患者眼部症状评分、睑板腺缺失率评分均持续降低,NIBUT、泪河高度、泪膜脂质层分级均持续升高,裸眼视力无明显变化,且第3次IPL治疗前试验组患者NIBUT优于对照组(6.24±0.27s vs 5.51±0.24s,P=0.046)。结论:地夸磷索钠和玻璃酸钠联合IPL均对MGD性干眼有较好的治疗效果,但短期内疗效差异不显著。     

睑板腺功能障碍治疗进展

睑板腺功能障碍（ｍｅｉｂｏｍｉａｎｇｌａｎｄｄｙｓｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ,ＭＧＤ）是常见的眼表疾病,是干眼最主要的病因。本文主要就近５ａ国内外关于ＭＧＤ物理治疗、药物治疗、中医治疗、患者教育４个方面的治疗进展作一综述,以期为临床ＭＧＤ治疗提供新的思路。     

Effects of dietary high dose DHA omega-3 supplement in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dietary supplement of high dose DHA omega-3 in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: Prospective randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in mild to moderate dry eye patients with MGD. Patients have no history of taking any dietary omega-3 supplements before 3mo. Patients were divided into two groups: 24 patients in the omega-3 group and 26 patients in the placebo group. The omega-3 group received two capsules of Easyeye Dry®, total containing 600 mg of EPA and 1640 mg of DHA, while the placebo group received two capsules containing 3000 mg of olive oil. All patients take two pills once a day. The examination of MGD scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining test (NEI), strip meniscometry (SM tube), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were performed at baseline, after 4 and 8wk. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were included. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups, such as age, sex, and other ocular examination findings. The TBUT, NEI, and OSDI scores significantly improved after 4 and 8wk in both groups. While after 8wk TBUT (6.00±1.62s vs 5.08±1.28s, P=0.034) and MGD score (7.2±1.8 vs 8.1±2.6, P=0.033) in the omega-3 group was more significantly improved than that of the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Dry eye with the MGD patient, a high dose of DHA omega-3 dietary supplement can improve TBUT and MGD score after 8wk, effective in stabilizing the tear film.     

睑板腺脂质在干眼症发病机制中的作用

干眼症是眼科常见病,根据病因可分为泪液分泌不足和泪液蒸发过强两种类型。位于泪膜最外层的脂质层由睑板腺分泌,具有维持泪膜稳定和防止泪液蒸发的作用。脂质层的组成成分以及组织结构对它的稳定性有很大影响,睑板腺功能障碍患者由于脂质层功能紊乱,造成泪膜稳定性下降及眼表的破坏,引起蒸发过强型干眼症。（国际眼科纵览,2014, 38：316-319）     

老年干眼患者眼表改变及其与睑板腺功能障碍的相关性

目的 探讨老年人干眼的眼表改变及其与睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD)的相关性.方法 选取2012年1月至10月于本院确诊为干眼、年龄60岁以上的患者83例(83眼)为干眼组,另选择门诊60岁以上同期健康体检者30人作为对照组,两组均进行症状问卷调查及泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)、基础泪液分泌试验(Schimer Ⅰ test,SIt)和MGD检查,对两组检查结果进行分析比较,同时观察BUT、年龄与MGD严重性的相关性.结果 干眼组患者BUT为(4.0±2.8)s,SIt为(5.1±4.6) mm,对照组分别为(11.1±6.1)s、(15.4±8.1)mm,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).干眼组中伴发MGD者51例(61.4％),对照组中伴发MGD者12例(40.0％),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).干眼组、对照组MGD严重性与BUT均呈负相关(r=0.254、0.178,均为P＜0.05).干眼组不同年龄间MGD严重性差异有统计学意义(P =0.012),而对照组无统计学意义(P =0.175).结论 老年人干眼存在眼表改变,MGD可能是其重要病因.     

抗生素治疗睑板腺功能障碍的研究进展

睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction, MGD)是一种以睑板腺终末导管阻塞和(或)睑酯分泌的质或量异常为主要特征的慢性、弥漫性睑板腺病变,是引起蒸发过强型干眼的主要原因,也是十分常见的眼表疾病。MGD可引起眼表睑酯异常和细菌增殖,进而引起相关眼表体征和症状。临床上,常采用局部物理、药物和全身药物等方式治疗MGD。抗生素作为一种有效的杀菌药物,通过局部或全身使用抗生素,可以抑制眼表细菌增殖,调节眼表睑酯异常和菌群微环境,进而缓解与改善MGD的体征与症状。目前,不同种类抗生素治疗MGD的有效性已经得到证实,本文从局部或全身使用抗生素的角度出发,对各类抗生素治疗MGD的机制、方式方法和疗效等方面进行综述,为临床治疗MGD提供新的治疗参考。     

综合治疗睑板腺功能障碍性干眼的疗效观察

目的:观察综合治疗睑板腺功能障碍性干眼的疗效。方法:选择本院睑板腺功能障碍性干眼患者86例172眼,给予泪膜破裂时间测定、角膜染色及分级,以及通过红外线睑板腺分析仪、睑板腺挤压试验,分别观察睑板腺腺体缺失评分及睑板腺分泌物性状评分等方法明确诊断后,在不同阶段采取综合治疗后(综合治疗包括清洁、热敷、按摩联合妥布霉素地塞米松眼液、普拉洛芬滴眼液和聚乙二醇滴眼液等),对其治疗的有效性进行评定分析。结果:对86例172眼患者经治疗3wk时进行观察,其中46例92眼治愈,29例58眼有效,11例22眼无效,总有效率87.2%。治疗6wk时观察,其中68例136眼治愈,13例26眼有效,5例10眼无效,总有效率94.2%,治疗过程中未出现眼部及全身不良反应。结论:采取综合治疗睑板腺功能障碍性干眼,可有效缩短病程,快速解除睑板腺管阻塞,恢复睑板腺分泌功能及泪膜脂质层的稳定性,积极有效的减轻了患者干眼症状的不适感。