［C4mim］［BF4］与乙醇胺和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺混合体系的密度、黏度和电导率

分别采用比重瓶、乌氏黏度计和电导率仪测定了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(［C4mim］［BF4］)+乙醇胺(MEA)和［C4mim］［BF4］+N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)两种二元混合物在283.15~323.15K时的密度、黏度和电导率。用Redlich-Kister方程关联并计算了混合体系的过量摩尔体积和黏度偏差。通过电导率的实验结果计算得到了混合体系的摩尔电导率,证明有机溶剂摩尔含量对混合体系摩尔电导率的贡献符合Walden规则。     

离子液体型表面活性剂的胶束电动色谱法手性拆分4种酸性药物

以葡萄糖基-β-环糊精（Glu-β-CD）作为手性选择剂,N-丁基-N-甲基吡咯烷十二烷基硫酸盐（［C₄MP］［C₁₂SO₄］）离子液体表面活性剂形成胶束作为准固定相,在低pH条件下构建胶束电动毛细管色谱（MEKC）用于4种酸性药物萘普生、华法令、酮洛芬和布洛芬的手性拆分。在相同条件下,与基于传统表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的MEKC体系相比,［C₄MP］［C₁₂SO₄］体系能大大提高药物的分离度,且使得一些原本不能拆分的药物得到部分分离。本研究考察了有机溶剂种类和比例、运行缓冲溶液浓度与pH、手性选择剂浓度、离子液体表面活性剂浓度、运行电压等影响手性拆分的因素,探索了离子液体表面活性剂在MEKC体系中的分离潜能,为手性药物的分离提供参考。     

负载离子液体调节MCM-36上异丁烷和1-丁烯的相对吸附量

通过接枝将离子液体1-烷基-3-（三乙氧基硅丙基）咪唑硫酸氢盐（烷基：甲基、乙基、丁基）在MCM-36分子筛表面进行负载改性,通过¹H-NMR、FT-IR、XPS、TGA、XRD、SEM、BET和正丁胺回滴法等对改性的MCM-36（MCM-36-ILs）进行表征。结果表明酸性离子液体通过化学作用在MCM-36表面进行负载;负载离子液体的催化剂可以在350℃以下稳定存在而不分解;负载离子液体能增加固体酸催化剂表面的酸量,但比表面积和平均孔容有一定程度的降低。Sip模型能很好描述异丁烷、1-丁烯在MCM-36负载离子液体前后固体酸催化剂上的平衡吸附量。异丁烷、1-丁烯在离子液体改性的MCM-36上的吸附性能与离子液体结构、离子液体负载量及催化剂表面特性等有关。负载酸性离子液体可以调节MCM-36上烷烯吸附比（n_I/n_O,相同压力下分子筛上吸附的异丁烷和1-丁烯的物质的量之比）。经1-乙基-3-（三乙氧基硅丙基）咪唑硫酸氢盐负载改性的MCM-36具有较好的烷烯吸附比调节性能,其表面的烷烯吸附比最高可以达到0.95,接近于烷基化反应所需的化学计量比。催化剂表面烷烯吸附比的改善有利于提高催化剂的性能和目标产物的选择性。     

原位生成离子液体法微萃取-超高效液相色谱法测定万古霉素血药浓度

建立原位生成离子液体法微萃取-超高效液相色谱联用技术测定万古霉素血药浓度的方法。以溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑(［C₆MIM］［Br］)和六氟磷酸钠为提取剂,甲硝唑为内标物,样品经涡旋振荡、离心等处理后,以甲醇复溶下层沉淀作为供试液。供试液测定采用BEH C₁₈柱,甲醇-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾为流动相,流速为0.2 mL/min,进样量为5 μL,柱温为18 ℃。方法的准确度、精密度、专属性等完全符合定量测定要求。本法测定准确,与临床常用的免疫分析法结果比较,重复性良好,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

［C12mim］Br/SDS/H2O溶液的螺旋状液晶

通过实验观察发现离子液体表面活性剂溴化1 十二烷基 3 甲基咪唑（［C12mim］Br）与传统阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的混合水溶液在一定条件下能形成各向异性的层状液晶;降低温度导致层状液晶相转变成特殊的螺旋网络织构的液晶,圆二色光谱测定表明该螺旋织构的液晶具有手性。咪唑类离子液体是形成这种特殊螺旋织构液晶的主导因素。溶液中分子间相互作用,包括氢键网络、π π相互作用、表面活性剂烷烃链间的疏溶剂作用以及带相反电荷的极性头基间强烈的静电力是液晶形成的重要驱动力;而低温下随着分子热运动的减弱,组分间的氢键和π π相互作用形成并能稳定存在是形成螺旋网络织构液晶的基础。     

离子液体表面活性剂双水相萃取紫外法测定达那唑

目的:建立溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体([HMIM]Br)/十二烷基硫酸钠溶液(SDS)双水相紫外光谱法测定达那唑的方法.方法:在HAc-NaAc(pH=7.0)缓冲溶液中,以适量溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体和十二烷基硫酸钠溶液组成的双水相体系萃取达那唑,取富集相适当稀释,采用紫外光谱法对其进行定量分析.结...     

壳聚糖在1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐溶液中的流变行为

离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐（［EMIM］Ac）对壳聚糖具有良好的溶解能力。利用新一代旋转流变仪哈克MARSⅢ考察了壳聚糖［EMIM］Ac溶液的稳态流变和动态流变性能。稳态流变结果表明：当低黏均分子量壳聚糖离子液体溶液的质量分数在3%以下时,溶液呈牛顿性流体特征,高于此质量分数时溶液呈假塑性流体特征;壳聚糖离子液体溶液的黏度、结构黏度指数随着温度升高而降低;在同一质量分数下,溶液黏度随壳聚糖黏均分子量的增大而增加,溶液的恒剪切活化能黏流活化能随着剪切速率的增大而降低。动态流变结果表明：溶液的储能模量和损耗模量随着温度的升高而下降,储能模量与损耗模量存在一个交叉点,该交叉点随着温度升高向高频区移动。     

疏水性胍类离子液体萃取水溶液中的重金属离子

合成了疏水性胍类离子液体,考察室温下离子液体对水溶液中金属离子（Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺）的萃取能力。实验结果表明该离子液体对Fe³⁺萃取具有高选择性,萃取率为90%;对其他金属离子萃取率仅为40%左右。为了进一步研究离子液体对Fe³⁺的萃取性能,分别从两相体积比、萃取时间、金属离子起始浓度及溶液pH等因素研究了其对Fe³⁺的捕集效果。结果表明：室温下,0.2 mL离子液体与5 mL的FeCl₃溶液超声混合5 min后,溶液中Fe³⁺萃取率为90%;且溶液中金属离子的起始浓度对萃取效果影响较小,但溶液pH对其影响较大。通过实验与理论计算发现,离子液体对Fe³⁺的萃取过程存在阳离子交换与离子对的共同作用机制,但离子对作用占主导地位。     

离子液体中的Claisen 重排/Diels-Alder加成串联反应研究

目的： 在离子液体中进行Claisen重排/Diels-Alder加成串联反应,寻找更优化的反应条件。方法： 以二甲氧基取代的苯甲酸为原料,经傅克酰化,成环,脱甲基,烯丙基取代,分别在传统溶剂和离子液体中进行Claisen重排/Diels-_Alder加成串联反应。结果： 离子液体BmimBF₄中目标桥环产物产率提高,反应时间缩短。结论： 离子液体BmimBF₄能够促进Claisen重排/Diels-Alder加成串联反应的进行。     

牛蒡子中牛蒡子苷元的分离及结构表征

目的：从牛蒡子中分离纯化出有效成分,并对其分子结构进行鉴定与表征。方法：采用醇提酸解法提取,分离出粗品,经过对粗品进行脱脂、结晶处理,得到无色棱状晶体。采用紫外光谱（UV）、红外光谱（FTIR）、质谱（MS）、氢谱（H-NMR）、碳谱（C-NMR）及单晶衍射对该有效成分进行组成和分子结构的鉴定与表征。结果：从牛蒡子粗粉中经提取分离,得到结晶,提取率为4.46％,显色反应及波谱分析均显示为木脂素类化合物。结论：该有效成分鉴定为牛蒡子苷元,即（3R,4R）-4-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]二氢-3-[(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)甲基]-2（3H）-呋喃酮,分子式为C₂₁H₂₄O₆。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.