护理干预对心脏性猝死高危患者家属急救能力的影响

目的：探讨护理干预对心脏性猝死（SCD）高危患者家属急救能力的影响。方法本研究于2010年2月～2012年12月对收治的心脏性猝死高危患者的家属采取包括健康教育、心肺复苏培训及心理干预在内的护理干预措施,并与未行护理干预的对照组进行对比研究。观察比较两组患者家属相关知识及急救技能（SCD的诱因、SCD防范措施、心脏骤停先兆、紧急求救的方法、心肺复苏相关知识、现场心肺复苏技术、药物自救知识等相关知识）的掌握情况。结果研究组家属对SCD的诱因、SCD防范措施、心脏骤停先兆、紧急求救的方法、心肺复苏相关知识、现场心肺复苏技术、药物自救知识等相关知识及急救技能的掌握情况明显优于对照组家属,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论健康教育、心肺复苏培训及心理干预等可以有效提高心脏性猝死高危患者家属对心脏性猝死相关知识的认知水平,并提高家属的现场急救能力,是一项行之有效的方法。     

心脏性猝死高危病人家庭成员心肺复苏培训方法的研究

[目的]探讨适合我国国情的对心脏性猝死高危病人家庭成员的心肺复苏(CPR)培训方法,提高心脏性猝死高危病人家庭成员心肺复苏能力。[方法]采取对照研究的方法,将猝死高危病人家庭成员150人作为观察组进行心肺复苏培训,培训采取两级培训的方法,即先对社区医生,再由社区医生对家庭成员进行培训;将社区公众130人作为对照组,直接对其进行心肺复苏培训。分别对两组培训前、培训后即刻、培训后半年心肺复苏知识掌握情况进行问卷调查。[结果]观察组培训后即刻回答问题的正确率显著提高,且明显高于对照组。[结论]先对社区医生进行CPR培训,再由社区医生对猝死高危病人家属进行一对一个体CPR培训,可以有效地提高对心脏性猝死急救知识的掌握程度,是一项行之有效的方法。     

护理干预对心脏性猝死高危患者家属急救能力的影响

目的 探讨护理干预对心脏性猝死高危患者家属对相关疾病认知水平及救助能力的影响,提高家属的现场急救能力.方法 对180名心脏性猝死高危患者家属随机分成实验组和对照组,各90例.对观察组实施护理干预措施,包括疾病健康宣教、相关急救知识及心肺复苏技能培训、心理疏导等,对照组不进行护理干预.患者离科前1d对其家属进行相关知识及急救技能测查.结果 观察组掌握的相关急救知识及心肺复苏技能明显优于对照组,2组比较差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01).结论 护理干预和急救技能培训能有效提高心脏性猝死高危患者家属对相关疾病的认知水平及现场紧急救助能力,从而提高院前心肺复苏的成功率,降低病死率.     

护理干预对心脏性猝死高危患者家属急救能力的影响

目的 探讨护理干预对心脏性猝死高危患者家属对相关疾病认知水平及救助能力的影响,提高家属的现场急救能力.方法 对180名心脏性猝死高危患者家属随机分成实验组和对照组,各90例.对观察组实施护理干预措施,包括疾病健康宣教、相关急救知识及心肺复苏技能培训、心理疏导等,对照组不进行护理干预.患者离科前1d对其家属进行相关知识及急救技能测查.结果 观察组掌握的相关急救知识及心肺复苏技能明显优于对照组,2组比较差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01).结论 护理干预和急救技能培训能有效提高心脏性猝死高危患者家属对相关疾病的认知水平及现场紧急救助能力,从而提高院前心肺复苏的成功率,降低病死率.     

除颤监护仪在急性心肌梗死患者监护和电除颤中的应用与护理

目的:探讨除颤监护仪在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者监护和急救中的应用及护理方法。方法:将136例AMI患者随机分为观察组和对照组各68例。急诊期间,两组患者均给予再灌注治疗、镇痛治疗及常规护理,在此基础上,观察组采用除颤监护仪进行监护和心肺复苏;对照组采用常规心电监护仪、胸外心脏按压心肺复苏术及机械通气、药物复苏法等。比较两组救护期间心室颤动发生率、心脏骤停发生率、发生心室颤动后的心肺复苏率及出院后2年内存活率。结果:两组救护期间心室颤动发生率及心脏骤停发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);心室颤动发生后,观察组心肺复苏率显著高于对照组(χ2=23.64,P<0.01);观察组出院后2年内存活率显著高于对照组(χ2=39.82,P<0.01)。结论:除颤监护仪应用于AMI患者的监护和急救可显著提高患者的心肺复苏率及存活率,从而改善患者生命质量和预后,对AMI患者的急救和护理具有重要意义。     

调度电话指导心肺复苏在成人院外心脏骤停的应用

对我中心急救科2008年6月²013年4月接到的心脏骤停患者电话124例,根据是否得到调度电话指导分为对照组和观察组,对比分析两组患者的存活率,入院后不良心脏事件发生率。得到调度电话指导心肺复苏的成人院外心脏骤停患者的存活率,心肺复苏的成功率显著高于未得到电话指导的患者组。调度电话在指导非医学专业人员实施心肺复苏救治院外发生心脏骤停的成人中有显著作用,能帮助非医学专业人员提供正确的心肺复苏救治措施,提高患者存活率。     

心脏猝死高危者家属心肺复苏知识与技能培训的重点和难点

目的 通过对心脏猝死高危者家属进行心肺复苏知识与技能的培训,以探讨公众掌握心肺复苏知识与技能的重点和难点.方法 应用方便取样方法,选取首都医科大学附属宣武医院、中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院住院的心脏猝死(sudden cardiac death.SCD)高危人群的家属集中进行心肺复苏(cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CPR)培训.培训结束后对研究对象进行CPR知识和技能测试.结果 培训后即刻对受训家属进行知识与技能的测试,98.4%的家属CPR知识测试通过,但是只有34.3%的家属技能测试合格,65.7%都需要多次反复指导才能做到技能达标.结论 公众对CPR知识与技能的掌握程度不一致,CPR技能是公众CPR培训的重点与难点.     

早期气管插管对心肺复苏成功率的影响

目的　探讨院内心脏骤停患者早期气管插管对其心肺复苏 (CPR)成功率的影响。方法　选择发生在院内心脏骤停患者 5 5例 ,根据CPR电除颤前或药物复苏前对患者所采取的不同措施将其分为 2组 ,一组为气管插管加胸外心脏按压 ,称气管插管组 ;一组为单纯胸外心脏按压 ,称非气管插管组。结果　气管插管组复苏成功 8例 ,成功率为 38 1% ,出院存活5例 (存活率为 2 3 8% ) ;非气管插管组复苏成功 2 3例 ,成功率为 6 7 7% ,出院存活 18例 ,出院存活率为 5 2 9% ;2组复苏成功率和出院率相比 ,P <0 0 5 ,结果有统计学差异。结论　早期气管插管不能提高院内心脏骤停患者的CPR成功率     

佛冈县院外心脏性猝死的流行病学及预后分析

目的:研究佛冈县院外心脏性猝死的流行病学特征及预后。方法:收集2012-1014年佛冈县院外心脏骤停的患者资料,分析其流行病学特征,分析相关的因素对心肺复苏效果的影响,心肺复苏效果分为以下3类:自主循环未恢复(非ROSC)、自主循环恢复(ROSC)、存活出院。结果:佛冈县2012年1月-2014年12月共有642例院外心源性心脏骤停患者,院外心脏性猝死发病率为66.9/10万人口/年,心肺复苏后ROSC率为8.7%,存活出院率为1.1%。性别、发病地点及是否有目击者对预后没有影响。年龄小于60岁、目击者CPR、初始心律为室颤、初次用药时间与反应时间小于30分钟组,其ROSC与存活出院率均分别高于对照组。气管插管组ROSC率高于非气管插管组,且有统计学意义,然而两组出院存活率无统计学差异。结论:佛冈县院外心脏骤停的抢救成功率较低,急救医疗服务体系需进一步改进。     

对心源性猝死高危患者家属进行心肺复苏术培训的效果评价

目的 探讨对心源性猝死高危患者家属进行心肺复苏术(CPR)培训的效果.方法 将未接受系统的家属CPR培训的心源性猝死患者35例作为对照组,将接受过家属CPR培训的心源性猝死患者35例作为实验组,比较2组患者现场复苏效果及应急反应时间.进行t检验.结果实验组复苏效果及应急反应时间显著优于对照组.结论 对心源性猝死高危患者家属进行第一目击者培训,可显著提高心源性猝死院前抢救成功率.     

心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压对心肺复苏成功的影响

目的:探讨心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压对心肺复苏成功的影响。方法:将42例心跳呼吸骤停患者随机分为徒手胸外心脏按压组(A组)和心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压组(B组)。二组均进行无创动脉血压、心电、经皮氧饱和度sPO2等监测。结果:B组的自主循环恢复率和24小时存活率均明显高于A组(P<0.05和P<0.01),但二组的出院存活率无显著性差异。B组的经皮氧饱和度明显高于A组(P<0.05),而自主循环恢复时间则明显短于后者(P<0.01);二组的平均动脉压无显著性差异。结论:心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压在提高自主循环率,缩短自主循环恢复时间,改善患者生存机会等方面明显优于徒手胸外心脏按压。     

Time-dependent interventions

The contribution by Pepe and colleagues provides additional evidence that initial defibrillation is not necessarily the optimal intervention for victims of cardiac arrest and especially when cardiac arrest has been untreated for more than 3 min. Precordial compression therefore remains the mainstay of basic life support cardiopulmonary resuscitation after sudden death. It is increasingly apparent that neither epinephrine whether in conventional or high doses nor vasopressin improve ultimate survival. To the contrary, there is evidence favoring β₁-adrenergic blockade.     

心肺复苏时联用垂体后叶素和肾上腺素的临床观察

目的：探讨心肺复苏（CPR）时联用肾上腺素、垂体后叶素的疗效。方法：58例心跳停搏的患者随机分为肾上腺素标准剂量组（对照组）28例和联合使用肾上腺素、垂体后叶素（治疗组）30例；分别观察自主循环恢复率及恢复时间，24h存活率及出院存活率。结果：对照组、治疗组自主循环恢复率分别为21%、63%，自主循环恢复时间分别为20.3±4.2min、8.2±2.2min；24h存活率分别为14%、40%；出院存活率分别为7%、30%。治疗组的自主循环恢复率、24h存活率、出院存活率明显高于对照组，治疗组的自主循环恢复时间明显短于对照组。结论：联合应用肾上腺素、垂体后叶素比单独使用标准剂量的肾上腺素能显著提高心跳骤停的自主循环恢复率、24h存活率、出院存活率，缩短自主循环恢复时间。     

Time-dependent interventions

The contribution by Pepe and colleagues provides additional evidence that initial defibrillation is not necessarily the optimal intervention for victims of cardiac arrest and especially when cardiac arrest has been untreated for more than 3 min. Precordial compression therefore remains the mainstay of basic life support cardiopulmonary resuscitation after sudden death. It is increasingly apparent that neither epinephrine whether in conventional or high doses nor vasopressin improve ultimate survival. To the contrary, there is evidence favoring β₁-adrenergic blockade.     

体外心肺复苏启动前因素对患者预后的影响

目的:分析体外心肺复苏（extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation,ECPR）启动前因素对患者预后的影响,以探讨ECPR的干预时机和改进策略。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2021年4月在湖南师范大学附属第一医院（湖南省人民医院）行ECPR的29例患者。按患者是否存活出院分为生存组( n=13)及死亡组( n=16),分析两组常规心肺复苏（conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CCPR）时间（开始心肺复苏到体外膜肺氧合运转的时间）、ECPR前初始心律、院外及院内心搏骤停的构成比、外院转运病例构成比。按CCPR时间分为≤45 min组、45~60 min组及>60 min组分别比较其出院存活率及持续自主循环恢复（sustained return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC）率。本院院内心搏骤停患者按心搏骤停（cardiac arrest,CA）发生地点分为本科室亚组和其他科室亚组,比较其存活率。 结果:29例患者总体生存率44.83%,体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO）平均辅助时长114（33.5,142.5） h,CCPR平均时长60（44.5,80） min。生存组ECMO辅助时间（140.15±44.80）h较死亡组长（ P=0.001）,生存组CCPR时间明显低于死亡组（ P=0.010）。初始心律为可除颤心律组生存率更高（ P=0.010）。OHCA较IHCA患者病死率高（ P=0.020）。外院转运病例病死率高于本院病例（ P=0.025）。CCPR时间≤45min、45~60 min、>60 min三组患者出院生存率依次递减（ P=0.001）,ROSC率依次递减（ P=0.001)。本院院内心搏骤停患者,CA发生地点在本科室（急诊医学科）组与其他科室组生存率差异无统计学意义（ P=0.54）。 结论:ECPR出院存活率高于国内外报道的CCPR存活率,ECPR对难治性心搏骤停是有效的。ECPR的预后跟CCPR时间、CA初始心律、CA发生地点明显相关,提高ECPR存活率需加强宣教及团队建设。     

NAEMSP 2001 A NNUAL M EETING

Abstract

Recently, emphasis has been placed on the simultaneous implementation of resuscitation interventions currently recommended within the 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiac care (ECC). The rate of successful outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest remains relatively low in most U.S. communities. Accurate measures of these rates are difficult to determine because of ineffective reporting mechanisms. In many cases of acute myocardial infarction, the initial presentation of symptoms is quickly followed by sudden death. Little information exists regarding the system-of-care components most likely to result in successful outcomes. Inconsistent application of these components may be responsible in part for the variability of survival rates among communities. We present a case of acute myocardial infarction followed by sudden cardiac arrest benefiting from the application of coordinated, community-based systems of care.     

心肺复苏患者急诊护理的效果及预后

目的探讨心肺复苏患者急诊护理的效果及预后。方法选择70例心脏骤停并行心脏复苏的患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各35例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上加用针对性的护理干预。比较2组患者护理效果。结果护理后,观察组SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组,呼吸机维持时间、住ICU时间均少于对照组,格拉斯哥昏迷指数评分高于对照组(P0.05);观察组在心房颤动、胸部不适、记忆减退、反应迟钝的并发症发生率上均比对照组低(P0.05);观察组28 d存活率、出院时存活率均比对照组高(P0.05)。结论在心肺复苏患者中给予针对性的急诊护理,在提高预后上具有积极意义,值得应用推广。     

Attitudes towards CPR training and performance in family members of patients with heart disease

Considering that heart patients may be at higher risk for cardiac arrest, this study was conducted to evaluate the preparedness and willingness of cardiac patient family members to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A cross-sectional survey of 100 family members of cardiac patients was conducted at a tertiary care emergency department over a 1.5-month period. Response rate was 95%. While 49% reported prior CPR training, only 7% trained within the past year. The majority received training (59%) because of a school or job requirement with only 8% trained because of 'concern for a family member.' The most frequent reasons for not being trained were 'never thought about it' or 'not interested' (57%). However, 49% of the untrained group did report an interest in future training. While 2% of respondents recalled a healthcare professional suggesting such training, 58% stated they would be influenced positively by such a recommendation. The most frequently reported barriers to performing CPR included fear of harming the patient or a lack of knowledge and skill to help. Despite a presumed higher risk for sudden cardiac death, most family members of cardiac patients do not maintain skills in basic CPR. Healthcare professionals may have the ability to significantly alter this concerning statistic through education and routine recommendations to patients' families.     

Increased neutrophil elastase release in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest: Role of elastase inhibitor

Objective To determine the changes in neutrophil elastase levels in patients with cardiac arrest occurring outside the hospital and to evaluate the effects of urinastatin on these changes and on the clinical outoomes of the patients.Design Prospective study.Setting: The Emergency Department and a general ICU in the tertiary care city hospital.Patients Of the 40 patients who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 38 of the cases were randomized into 2 groups, with w cases being excluded because of contradiction to protocol. The control and urinastatin groups consisted of 20 and 18 patients, respectively.Interventions Control patients were treated by standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures. Patients in the urinastatin group were administered a 100000 U dose of urinastatin immediately after arrival at the Emergency Department and three 100000 U doses at 8h intervals, within the first 24h after resuscitation.Measurements and main results At the time of arrival at the emergency room (before administration of urinastatin), and at 30 min, 60 min, and 24h after, the plasma levels of neutrophil elastase and blood gas levels were determined. Concerning the baseline characteristics of patients, causes of cardiac arrest, time duration of pre-hospital care and treatments given during CPR, there was no difference detected between the control and urinastatin groups. In addition, the pH and PaO₂ values showed no differences. Neutrophil elastase values had already increased by the time of arrival and continued to do so until 60 min; at 24h after admission, markedly higher values were obtained. These values were significantly higher in the non-resuscitated cases than in the resuscitated ones. Administration of urinastatin significantly suppressed this increase at 24h, but did not improve the clinical outcomes, including resuscitation rate and survival rate.Conclusions Accompanying cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation, neutrophils are activated and elastase is released. Elevated elastase level is associated with poorer prognosis. Urinastatin can suppress the release of elastase, when utilized at the dose described in this study, did not improve the clinical outcomes of patients who had suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.