盐酸右美托咪定对老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的影响

 目的 探讨盐酸右美托咪定对老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的影响。方法 选择在腰硬联合麻醉下择期行股骨粗隆间骨折髓内钉固定术81例,股骨颈骨折闭合复位内固定术55例,随机将患者分为盐酸右美托咪定组(69例)和对照组(67例),前者入ICU后20 min内给予盐酸右美托咪定持续静脉泵入,后者在相同时间内应用等量生理盐水,记录术后不同时点患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)应用情况,根据目测疼痛评分法(VAS)进行疼痛评分,记录Ramsay镇静评分,采用精神错乱评估法(CAM-ICU)诊断谵妄,观察谵妄发生率。结果 两组患者在入ICU即刻、术后6 h、12 h,静脉自控镇痛泵的总按压次数、有效按压次数、用药量、SpO₂和术后疼痛评分比较,差异均无统计学意义;盐酸右美托咪定组患者术后6 h、12 h心率和平均动脉压低于对照组,镇静评分高于同时间点对照组,盐酸右美托咪定组术后8~12 h CRP值低于对照组,6 h及12 h内睡眠时间长于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);盐酸右美托咪定组术后12 h内出现谵妄7例(10.14%),对照组20例(29.85%),盐酸右美托咪定组谵妄发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 术后静脉持续输注盐酸右美托咪定可降低老年髋部骨折患者术后12 h内谵妄的发生率。     

丙泊酚与咪达唑仑-芬太尼对老年机械通气患者镇静效果的比较

目的探讨丙泊酚与咪达唑仑-芬太尼合剂应用在机械通气的老年患者中的镇静效果及不良反应的差异。方法选自2008年5月~2009年12月我科ICU收治的需要呼吸机辅助通气的老年患者38例,年龄60~92岁,ApacheⅡ评分16~32,随机分为P组(丙泊酚组,17例)及M-F组(咪达唑仑-芬太尼组,21例)。给予机械通气后患者均出现不同程度的人机对抗,P组静脉推注丙泊酚2.0mg/kg,之后根据不同镇静程度用药量为1.0~3.0mg·kg-1·h-1静脉泵入持续镇静;M-F组患者静脉推注咪达唑仑3.0mg及芬太尼0.1mg,之后以咪达唑仑100μg·kg-1·h-1、芬太尼2μg·kg-1·h-1同时静脉泵入镇静。观察两组用药后达到Ramsay3~4级所需的时间及停药后苏醒时间并记录患者用药前及达到满意镇静效果后患者的血压、心率、血氧饱和度以及出现明显心率、血压下降的例数。结果 P组达到Ramsay3~4级所需的时间为(23.3±7.7)min,M-F组达到Ramsay3~4级所需的时间为(54.3±19.8)min,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组比较患者用药后血氧饱和度、心率、血压均较用药前有明显...     

老年髋部骨折术后发生谵妄危险因素评价

目的分析老年髋部骨折术后发生谵妄危险因素。方法收取2018年-2019年老年髋部骨折患者200例,根据术后有无谵妄情况分为两组,其中100例作为观察组(术后发生谵妄)、100例作为对照组(未发生谵妄),将两组各项指标进行对比。结果在单因素分析中,观察组在痴呆、低白蛋白、PaO2、骨折类型、入院至手术时间、手术方式方面与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素回归分析结果显示,入院至手术时间>3 d、痴呆、关节置换、PaO2≤60 mmHg为引起术后谵妄发生的危险因素。结论老年髋部骨折术后发生谵妄危险因素为入院至手术时间>3 d、痴呆、关节置换、PaO2≤60 mmHg。     

老年髋部骨折围手术期谵妄状态的临床分析

目的讨论老年髋部骨折住院患者围手术期谵妄状态的发病率、发病的高危因素,临床表现、临床分型,诊断、治疗及预防措施。方法回顾分析上海交通大学附属同仁医院骨科2012年1月~2014年12月年老年髋部骨折手术的病例共386例,其中出现临床谵妄状态的有26例。分析其发病的高危因素、临床表现、谵妄状态的分型、诊断、治疗及预防措施。结果 3年内围手术期谵妄患者发病率为6.7%。其中谵妄活跃型22例,占85%;谵妄安静型4例,占15%;入院后行髋部骨折手术治疗前发生谵妄5例,占19%;术后第1~4天发生21例,占81%。经临床综合治疗后谵妄症状明显改善,未出现严重不良反应;用药期间均未发现明显的椎体外系反应、低血压、Q-T间期延长等短暂反应,总体恢复良好。结论围手术期谵妄在老年髋部骨折围手术期中有较高发病率,临床上应加强了解和认识,加强与相关科室如老年科及麻醉科等学科的合作,改善老年髋部骨折患者的手术治疗效果及预后。     

术前应用石杉碱甲对老年患者术后认知功能的影响

目的 观察石杉碱甲对老年患者手术后认知功能的影响.方法 80例拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的老年患者,年龄65～75岁,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA) Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例.两组分别在术前3d每天静脉注射石杉碱甲0.2mg或等量生理盐水.术后恢复期记录患者苏醒时间,并分别于术前,术后3h、6h、24h、3d、1周采用简易智能量表(MMSE)评估患者认知功能,测定血清S100β蛋白水平.结果 两组患者术后MMSE评分均较术前有不同程度下降,观察组苏醒时间(23±3min)短于对照组(31±5min,P＜0.05);观察组MMSE评分术后3h、6h、24h、3d分别为19.2±1.4、20.3±1.5、22.4±1.6、24.2±1.6,明显高于对照组(16.5±1.3、17.3±1.3、18.8±1.4、21.5±1.4,P＜0.05).观察组术后3h、6h、24h发生认知功能障碍的患者少于对照组(分别为2、4、2和9、11、8例,P＜0.05).观察组术后有1例发生谵妄,明显少于对照组(6例,P＜0.05).两组S100 β蛋白测定值术后3、6h均较术前明显上升(P＜0.01),且观察组术后3、6、24h S100 β蛋白测定值低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 石杉碱甲可降低老年手术患者术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的发生率.     

右美托咪定在老年患者低位硬膜外麻醉中应用体会

目的探讨右美托咪定在老年患者低位硬膜外麻醉中的应用。方法随机抽选凌源市中心医院2012年1月至2015年12月诊治的100例老年下肢手术患者,分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例,并分别采用咪达唑仑与右美托咪定进行麻醉,比较两组患者的麻醉镇痛效果。结果观察组患者的手术时间、意识消失时间分别为(140.7±10.1)min、(98.2±7.2)s,对照组分别为(136.2±11.6)min、(99.6±4.2)s,两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者的各时间段中的心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)以及血氧饱和度(Sp O2)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者均未见严重不良反应,如谵妄、呕吐、嗜睡以及头晕等。两组患者Ramsay镇静评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪定在老年患者低位硬膜外麻醉中的应用效果较为理想,提高麻醉满意度,且对患者术后的不良影响较轻,可保证患者手术的顺利进行。     

右美托咪定用于妇科手术应用效果观察

目的:探析妇科手术中实施右美托咪定镇静的安全性及临床效果.方法:入选我院行妇科手术患者68例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组34例.在气管插管诱导麻醉前10 min观察组实施0.5μg/kg右美托咪定静脉泵入,对照组实施生理盐水静脉泵注,观察两组双频脑电指数及镇静Ramsay评分,术后恢复时间.结果:观察组的双频脑电指数及镇静Ramsay评分显著优于对照组,镇静效果明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),观察组的术后恢复时间显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:妇科手术中实施右美托咪定,镇静作用强,动力血流稳定性较佳,手术恢复迅速,临床效果确切,可靠安全,值得临床推广.     

右美托咪定联合地佐辛对臂丛麻醉效果分析

目的 探讨分析右美托咪定联合地佐辛对臂丛麻醉效果.方法 抽选90例实施上肢手术患者纳入研究,采取随机的方式将其划分成为3个组,即A组、B组以及C组,各组病例数均为30例,臂丛阻滞以前5分钟,A组以持续泵注的方式使用右美托咪定,B组以静脉推注的方式使用地佐辛,C组联合应用右美托咪定和地佐辛治疗,对比分析3组患者麻醉前10 min(T0)、麻醉操作前5 min即A组的右美托咪定、B组的地佐辛、C组的右美托咪定+地佐辛,开始泵注的时间(T1)、臂丛穿刺完成泵注后20 min,手术切皮前(T2)、手术开始后5 min(T3)、手术开始后半小时(T4)以及手术结束时(T5)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、Ramsay镇静评分、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、术中不良反应和术后疼痛评分.结果 A组、B组以及C组在T1时MAP和其他时间点相比较均比较高,A组患者T1的HR、MAP都比其他两组高(P<0.05),A组和C组T2-T5时间点Ramsay镇静评分都比B组高(P<0.05);A组和B组、C组相比较,患者术后疼痛评分都明显要高(P<0.05);三组都未有病例出现严重不良反应(如呼吸抑制、低血氧以及严重低血压等).结论 在臂丛麻醉中联合应用右美托咪定和地佐辛,可增强麻醉镇静效果和镇痛效果,同时不良反应少,可靠安全,临床应用价值高,推荐使用.     

3D打印导向模板辅助技术在髋部骨折手术中的临床研究

目的 探讨3D打印导向模板辅助技术在髋部骨折治疗中的应用价值.方法 前瞻性随机研究2017年2月—2019年2月武警河北省总队医院及河北医科大学附属医院手术治疗的髋部骨折患者60例,男性34例,女性26例;年龄35～65岁,平均52.5岁.按照随机数字表法分为3D组和常规组,各30例,3D组患者术前首先进行3D数字化重建,虚拟复位及内固定,设计导航模板等;常规组采取常规的手术方法 实施治疗.比较两组患者手术时间、手术出血量、术后引流量、术后下床活动时间、复位效果、术后不同时间髋关节功能、手术并发症.结果 3D组手术时间(73.9±8.1)min、手术出血量(230.8±30.5)mL均低于常规组(81.0±11.5)min、(285.7±46.2)mL(P<0.05);3D组和常规组术后引流量、术后下床活动时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后复查3D组手术复位效果优80.00％、良20.00％,常规组优56.67％、良40.00％、差3.33％,3D组优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月3D组髋关节功能Harris功能评分高于常规组(P<0.05);术后6个月两组患者Harris功能评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3D组并发症发生率6.67％(切口感染和肺部感染各1例),常规组并发症率16.67％(切口感染2例、肺部感染2例、内固定松动1例),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 3D打印导向模板手术内固定在髋部骨折治疗中可减少手术时间和出血量、提高复位效果,促进早期关节功能恢复.     

右美托咪啶联合布托啡诺对腹部外科术后机械通气患者镇静镇痛的效果

 目的 探讨右美托咪啶联合布托啡诺对腹部外科术后机械通气患者镇静镇痛的效果。方法 选取医院腹部外科术后机械通气患者60例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,各30例。对照组予咪达唑仑联合芬太尼进行镇静镇痛,治疗组予右美托咪啶联合布托啡诺镇静镇痛。比较两组患者用药前及用药后1 h的生命体征指标变化[心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO₂)],用药后4、8、16、24 h重症患者镇痛(CPOT)评分及躁动-镇静评分(RASS),药物起效时间、停药后拔管时间、停药后完全清醒时间、不良反应和谵妄发生率。结果 (1)用药后1 h,两组HR、RR、MAP均较用药前降低(P<0.05);(2)两组用药后4、8、16、24 h CPOT及RASS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);(3)两组药物起效时间比较无统计学差异,但治疗组停药后拔管时间、停药后完全清醒时间[(112.3±18.6)、(43.8±7.6)min],均短于对照组[(175.1±20.4)、(116.2±27.3)min (P<0.01) ];(4)两组低血压、心动过缓发生率比较无统计学差异,但治疗组腹胀呕吐及谵妄发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 在腹部外科术后机械通气患者的镇静镇痛方面,右美托咪啶联合布托啡诺与咪达唑仑联合芬太尼的效果相近,但前者的谵妄、腹胀呕吐的发生率更低,安全性更好。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.