中国医疗废物处理现状及对策

本文从医疗废物的来源及其对人体健康和环境的危害入手，结合医疗废物在收集、储存、运输、处理处置过程中的特殊要求，对中国医疗废物管理现状进行了全面分析，针对存在的问题对中国医疗废物的全程管理和环境无害化处理处置进行了深入探讨，提出了相应的建议和对策。     

秋季给秀发多一分关爱

医疗废物的管理和处置，是一项利国利民的大事。规范执行医疗废物的收集、贮存、运输、处理及监督等活动，减少医疗废物对环境污染和被不法回收再利用的可行性措施．应按《医疗废物管理条例》和《医疗卫生机构医疗废物管理办法》的要求，制定合理的操作措施和收集标准，做好医疗废物的无害化处理，保障人民身体健康。     

北京市大兴区医疗废物管理现状与对策

目的了解大兴区医疗机构医疗废物处置和管理现状,为规范医疗废物处置行为和加强医疗废物管理提供依据。方法制作检查表对32家医疗卫生机构的医疗废物管理情况进行监督检查并进行分析。结果 32医疗卫生机构均制定了相应的医疗废物管理制度及管理方法,设专兼职人员负责本单位医疗废物管理工作。医疗废物集中处置率达到100%,多数医疗机构使用符合要求的包装物和利器盒收集医疗废物、建立医疗废物暂时贮存所的占93.75%,医疗废物转运移交登记记录完整的占81.25%;交由医疗废物集中置单位的占100%,仍有15.63%医疗机构使用的医疗废物袋不符合要求。结论各级医疗机构应进一步规范和依法加强对医疗废物的安全管理,增强责任意识,规范医疗废物的收集、贮存、运输、处置等活动行为,确保医疗废物达到无害化处理。     

环节质量控制对医疗废物处置的全过程管理

目的探讨综合性医院如何做好医疗废物处置全过程管理和监督,指导医护人员对医疗废物的正确分类,以保护医护人员安全。方法于2012年开始从环节质量控制入手,加强医院废物处置全过程管理;完善管理制度,明确各级责任,规范医疗废物处置流程,加强医疗废物管理软硬件建设;感染管理科专职人员改变工作思路,加强重点部位和科室的督导和检查;不定时深入科室检查各个部门其分类、收集、运输、登记、交接等医疗废物处置的全过程,抓好环节质量控制,切实做到全程管理、有序管理。结果环节质量控制提高了各类人员正确分类、收集,规范处理医疗废物的自觉意识,减少其随意乱放和二次分类处置的机会,使医疗废物处置全过程规范、流畅,真正减少了再污染、再损害可能。结论各类人员高度重视医疗废物分类、处置、转运等过程的规范操作,所有处置符合国家规范要求,保护了工作人员自身安全,保护了环境。     

泉州市医疗废物管理信息化系统初探

目的对泉州市医疗废物收集处置流程进行研究,阐述医疗废物管理信息化系统的重要性。方法从系统的需求、设计及管理方面进行分析,设计了医疗废物处置信息化系统。结果通过医疗废物处置流程的信息化管理,提高了工作效率,减少医疗废物转运过程发生事故的概率,降低医疗废物对公众和环境的危害。结论利用互联网技术,对医疗废物处置的各环节进行监管,建立一套医疗废物管理信息化系统,为加强监管、预防环境污染事故提供解决方案。     

医疗废物对健康的危害及管理规则

医疗废物是指医疗卫生机构在医疗、预防、保健以及其他相关活动中产生的具有直接或间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废物.我们强化了医疗废物的分类收集、贮存、运输、集中处置等管理,现就我院医疗废物对健康的危害及管理体会如下.     

基层医疗机构医疗废物管理督查与效果评价

探索基层医疗机构医疗废物管理方法，建立健全医疗废物管理体系，增加政府投入，加
大监管力度，强化培训，使医疗废物的收集、贮存、运输、处置实施全过程控制管理，以有效预防和控
制医疗废物对人体健康和环境造成危害。     

郑州市医疗废物处理现状分析与对策研究

以郑州市22家不同类型医疗卫生机构为研究对象,对其产生的医疗废物在收集、贮存、运输、处置及管理等方面进行了系统调查,分析了郑州市医疗废物在处理处置过程中存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决方案。     

重庆市医疗废物环境管理现状及对策

以医疗废物分类收集、转移和处置等环境管理过程为标准,对2011—2015年重庆市医疗卫生机构数量、医疗废物管理现状进行统计分析,指出了重庆市医疗废物环境管理中存在的问题,并进一步针对重庆市环境保护要求和医疗废物环境管理需求,从明确主管部门职责、完善医疗废物处置收费制度、规范医疗废物分类收集、完善和创新医疗废物转移联单制度、统筹规划处置设施等方面,提出了医疗废物环境管理的对策和建议。     

浅谈医疗废物的管理处置

医疗废物的管理和处置,是一项利国利民的大事.规范执行医疗废物的收集、贮存、运输、处理及监督等活动,减少医疗废物对环境污染和被不法回收再利用的可行性措施,应按《医疗废物管理条例》和《医疗卫生机构医疗废物管理办法》的要求,制定合理的操作措施和收集标准,做好医疗废物的无害化处理,保障人民身体健康.     

医疗废物管理系统的开发与应用研究

目的：在数字化医疗医院示范中,通过应用现代信息技术,对医疗废物的回收、存放及处置等环节进行实时跟踪和监管,使医疗废物管理更加规范。方法：基于无线网络、条形码及射频识别（RFID）等技术,开发医疗废物管理信息系统并在医院进行应用实践。结果：系统对医院内部医疗废物的收集、运送、贮存以及处置等过程进行了有效的控制及监管。结论：医疗废物管理系统规范了废物收运环节,增强了透明性,确保了安全,提升了医院管理水平。     

Medical waste management practices in a Southern African hospital

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to examine the medical waste management practices of a hospital in Southern Africa. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A case study methodology was utilised. FINDINGS: The results revealed that the hospital does not quantify medical waste. Segregation of medical waste into infectious waste and non-infectious waste is not conducted according to definite rules and standards. Separation of medical waste and municipal waste is however practiced to a satisfactory extent. Wheeled trolleys are used for on-site transportation of waste. Off-site transportation of waste is outsourced to a private firm. Incineration is used in the final disposal of infectious waste. Non-infectious waste is disposed using land disposal method. There is no policy and plan in place for managing medical waste. A number of problems were identified with respect to medical waste management. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The paper gives recommendations with the aim of improving medical waste management in hospitals.     

福建省部分医疗机构医疗废物管理现状分析与对策

目的 了解福建省部分医疗机构医疗废物管理现状,加强管理,规范医疗废物处置行为.方法 设计制定检查表,抽样检查185所医疗机构的医疗废物管理情况并进行分析.结果 综合医院的医疗废物管理较规范,检查得分较专科医院和卫生院高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);医疗机构医疗废物管理还存在较多不规范现象,如废物收集不及时、医疗废物盛装器和运送工具不符合规范要求、医疗废物暂存处设置地点不合理、医疗废物交接管理不严密等.结论 应进一步规范医疗废物管理,加强人员培训,强化对各项管理制度及医疗废物分类、收集、登记、转运、贮存、处置等行为的督导.     

全程质量控制管理在检验科医疗废物管理中的应用

目的 探讨全程质量控制管理方案在检验科医疗废物管理中的应用价值.方法 查阅国内外检验科医疗废物处理相关文献资料和法律法规,建立健全制度、流程合理、监管严格的质量控制管理方案.结果 全程质量控制管理方案实施后取得了较好的效果;医疗废物容器正确使用率和医疗废物与生活垃圾分类正确率明显提高,分别由82.5％、65.3％升至93.2％、92.4％;医疗废物暂时贮存场所更加规范,符合率由53.5％升至84.5％;医疗废物移交登记率由65.4％升至94.4％,暂时贮存后及时运输率由68.8％提高至91.7％;前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 通过对检验科医疗废物各环节的规范化、系统化管理,提高了个人防护及医院感染意识,能随时发现问题及时改进,全程质量控制管理方案,在检验科医疗废物管理中具有较高的应用价值.     

全国部分地区生物医学垃圾管理与处置情况调查

生物医学垃圾是一种成分复杂并有特殊危害的废物。通过调查天津市和国内部分地区生物医学垃圾的数量、来源、处置方法和管理现状，对天津市和国内其它地区生物医学垃圾的管理与处置情况进行了比较深入的认识和了解，阐明当前生物医学垃圾具有极大的危害性，应尽快制定和完善有关法律、法规，对生物医学垃圾进行有效的管理和处置。     

A comparative study on the medical waste disposal in some hospitals in Alexandria

Though healthcare services aim to reduce the health problems and prevent the potential risks to the health of the community. These services create wastes which are considered as hazardous materials due to the higher potential of infection and injury possessed by these wastes than any other type of waste. Healthcare waste management is an integral part of healthcare services, and can create harm through inadequate waste management; thus reducing the overall benefits provided by healthcare centers. In the current study, a survey for medical waste disposal was performed in order to examine the current status of medical waste disposal in some hospitals in Alexandria and to properly assess management of this type of hazardous waste. A questionnaire was designed for hospitals to assess the quantity of medical waste, collection, sorting, storage, transportation and way of final disposal. From the total waste generated by healthcare activities, almost 80% are waste similar to domestic waste. The remaining approximate of 20% is considered as hazardous waste. As Alexandria has about 3911 healthcare facilities providing medical services for people, a huge amount of medical waste are generated daily with about 208 tons generated per month. The results revealed that the most common problems associated with healthcare wastes are the absence of waste management, lack of awareness about their health hazards, insufficient financial and human resources for proper management, and poor control of waste disposal. The current situation of medical waste disposal in Alexandria is depending on incinerators. Some of these incinerators are not working anymore. Incinerations as a system is not accepted at the time being in most developed countries due to the risks associated with it and suitable substitution management system for medical waste disposal is now taking its place.     

Medical waste management: the law and its application

Medical waste management in Croatia is regulated by three fundamental legal acts: Waste Act, Ordinance on Waste Types and Directive on Manipulation of Waste Generated in Health Care. The implementation of these acts and waste management in general are also supported by Transport of Hazardous Materials Act and Toxic Substances Act. Modern trends in waste management promote an integral approach also called "waste chain". This integral approach to medical waste management is based on hierarchical structuring of waste management structure from the point at which the waste is produced to its final disposal. Priority is always given to reducing the amount and the harmfulness of waste by replacing harmful materials with those that are not, but where this is not possible, waste management includes reduction by sorting and separating, pretreatment on site, safe transportation, final treatment and sanitary disposal. Methods of choice for the final treatment should be the least harmful for human health and environment. Integral medical waste management could greatly reduce quantities of medical waste and consequently financial strains. Even though Croatian regulations define and cover all steps in the waste management chain their implementation is one of the country's greatest issues. Improper practice is seen from waste production in healthcare institutions to the final disposal, and includes handling, sorting, use of containers, or treatment in incinerators. Information on quantities, type and flow of medical waste are inadequate, just as sanitary control. In addition, Croatia lacks locations for sanitary landfills. Croatia has signed international conventions on the supervision and control of transfrontier waste shipments. Within the CARDS project, Croatia has started to harmonise its laws with acquis communitaire related to waste management. Although waste management is one of the priorities defined within the National Environment Action Plan, Croatia still has not made a strategy for waste management.     

医疗废物的危害及管理

随着人们对环境保护意识的增强 ,自我保护意识的提高 ,废物的处置 ,特别是医疗废物的处置已越来越受到社会的关注。医疗机构产生的废物 ,如残留血液的注射器、输液器等 ,因其特殊性更加受到全社会的重视与监督。但是 ,目前医疗固体废物从处置过程及最终处置方法尚存在技术及管理上问题 ,特别是对医疗机构产生的危险废物仍存在随意丢弃、与生活垃圾混同处理的现象。针对这些问题 ,应采取的措施主要是 :社会各界应给予足够的重视 ,针对医务人员 ,特别是农村地区的乡村医生进行培训 ,明确医疗固体废物 ,特别是危险废物的产生单位、运输单位及接受单位的责任。按照《固体废物污染环境防治法》、《危险废物转移联单管理办法》的方案 ,使各级医疗机构产生的废物 ,特别是危险废物不会对人类造成危害或尽可能的减少危害     

Hazardous medical waste management as a public health issue

The amount of waste produced is connected with the degree of a country's economic development; more developed countries produce more waste. This paper reviews the quantities, manipulation and treatment methods of medical waste in Croatia, as well as hazardous potentials of medical waste for human health. Medical waste must be collected and sorted in containers suitable for its characteristics, amount, means of transportation and treatment method in order to prevent contact with environment and to protect people who are working with waste. Hazardous medical waste in Croatia is largely produced by hospitals. Even though only one hospital has a licence to incinerate infectious medical waste, many other hospitals incinerate their hazardous waste in inappropriate facilities. Healthcare institutions also store great amounts of old medical waste, mostly pharmaceutical, anti-infectious, and cytostatic drugs and chemical waste. Data on waste treatment effects on human health are scarce, while environmental problems are covered better. Croatian medical waste legislation is not being implemented. It is very important to establish a medical waste management system that would implement the existing legislation in all waste management cycles from waste production to treatment and final disposal.