胰腺损伤手术后并发症11例临床分析

目的 探讨胰腺损伤手术后并发症的处理原则和方法.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月-2009年5月,南京军区南京总医院全军普通外科研究所收治的11例因胰腺损伤在当地医院行急诊手术后出现并发症的患者的临床资料.所有患者均予禁食、维持水电解质平衡、维护器官功能、早期肠内营养以及抗感染等治疗,部分患者行剖腹引流术,CT引导下穿刺引流和(或)双套管引流.结果 11例患者中,临床治愈10例,患者感染症状解除,复查CT感染灶消失.1例死亡,死亡原因为难以控制的腹腔出血及严重腹腔感染.结论 胰腺损伤后急诊手术时若引流不彻底,术后易并发感染、胰瘘、假性囊肿等,对这些并发症的处理,应以积极有效的引流为主,配合全身多器官功能的维护和早期肠内营养支持治疗.     

胆道镜清创治疗SAP继发胰腺及胰周感染的护理体会

重症急性胰腺炎（severeacutepancreatitis，SAP）以发病急、并发症多、病死率高为主要特征，其早期死亡多与器官功能衰竭有关，而后期则多死于胰腺及胰周坏死感染，我中心2007年1月～2011年1月收治42例SAP继发胰腺及胰周坏死感染患者，通过超声引导下置管引流、胆道镜下行胰腺及胰周坏死感染组织清创，取得满意效果，本研究对护理体会总结如下。     

经内镜胰管支架治愈胰瘘1例报告——附文献复习

对1例胰腺囊肿术后胰瘘的患者行经内镜胰管支架置入术。患者术后一般状况明显好转，未出现腹痛、血尿淀粉酶升高、出血、穿孔等并发症，术后1周胰瘘消失，瘘口愈合。随访5个月胰瘘未复发，患者饮食、大小便正常，体重增加4kg，复查B超、腹部平片示胰管支架位置正常，引流通畅。提示经内镜胰管支架引流疗效可靠、安全、并发症少，对与主胰管相通的胰瘘患者应列为首选治疗方法。     

闭合性胰腺损伤的临床观察和监护

闭合性胰腺损伤缺乏特异性诊断指标 ,早期确诊率低 ,密切观察病情并保持警惕性非常重要。本文讨论了对血糖、血和胰周引流液淀粉酶监护的意义 ,强调引流管管理、腹腔冲洗、营养支持以及心理护理的重要性     

全腹腔镜胰体尾切除术后胰瘘危险因素分析

目的 探讨全腹腔镜胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的危险因素。方法 选取沧州市中心医院自2019年3月至2021年7月收治的120例行全腹腔镜胰体尾切除术患者为研究对象。记录所有患者全腹腔镜胰体尾切除术后胰瘘发生率。根据是否发生胰瘘将120例患者分为胰瘘组(n=27)与无胰瘘组(n=93)。比较胰瘘组与无胰瘘组患者的临床资料。采用多因素Logistic回归分析法检验全腹腔镜胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的危险因素。结果 120例患者均顺利完成全腹腔镜胰体尾切除术,术后胰瘘发生率为22.5%(27/120)。胰瘘组患者术前合并低蛋白血症、脾切除比例均高于无胰瘘组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者胰腺肿瘤类型、胰管直径、残余胰腺质地比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前合并低蛋白血症、脾切除、胰腺肿瘤类型、胰管直径均为全腹腔镜胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 全腹腔镜胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的发生风险较高,且术前合并低蛋白血症、脾切除、胰腺肿瘤类型、胰管直径均为其危险因素,临床可据此制定针对性防治措施,以减少术后胰瘘的发生...     

腹部创伤后急诊胰十二指肠切除手术的预后分析

目的探讨腹部创伤后急诊行胰十二指肠切除术后的预后分析。方法回顾性分析2012年8月—2017年1月在解放军南京总医院住院治疗的17例因腹部创伤行急诊胰十二指肠切除手术患者的临床资料。其中男性15例,女性2例;年龄15~57岁,平均37.9岁。致伤因素:道路交通伤9例,重物砸伤或挤压6例,刀刺伤2例,均存在胰腺及周围脏器的损伤。分析患者术后并发症情况、平均住院时间、存活率以及病死率。比较死亡组和存活组的胰腺损伤等级、输血量和胰瘘发生率。结果入选患者均因创伤在外院行急诊胰十二指肠切除手术,术后因并发症转往解放军南京总医院,经治疗11例存活,6例死亡,伤后平均住院时间112.6d。所有患者均存在不同程度的多发消化道瘘和腹腔感染,其中14例消化道或腹腔出血(82.4%),10例胰瘘(58.8%),10例小肠瘘(58.8%),9例胆瘘(52.9%),8例胃肠吻合口瘘(47.1%),8例结肠瘘(47.1%)。存活组胰腺II级损伤1例,III级损伤6例,V级损伤4例;死亡组胰腺III级损伤2例,IV级损伤1例,V级损伤3例。死亡组的胰瘘发生率83.3%(5/6),高于存活组的45.5%(5/11)。存活组均有效控制出血,平均输血量为1 873mL;死亡组最终均无法有效控制出血,平均输血量为18 008mL。两组输血量差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹部创伤后行急诊胰十二指肠切除手术的病死率和并发症发生率均明显升高,处理过程中需积极应用损害控制外科的理念。     

急性胰腺炎病理类型与CT分级及血和尿淀粉酶变化对照研究

目的：探讨CT与血尿淀粉酶改变对诊断急性胰腺炎病程变化的价值。方法：回顾性分析114例急性胰腺炎患者CT检查及血、尿淀粉酶等资料并进行对比研究。结果：急性水肿型胰腺炎，CT分级为A和B级时，血、尿淀粉酶轻度到显著升高，C级到E级时，胰腺坏死面积越大，血、尿淀粉酶越低。结论：胰腺组织有效面积的大小决定血、尿淀粉酶高或低的变化。     

中西医结合治疗急性胰腺炎的临床观察

目的探讨中西医结合的方法在治疗急性胰腺炎方面是否较单纯西药更具有优势。方法采用病例对照的方法,收集46例急性胰腺炎的患者,随机分为单纯西药组和中西医结合组,观察两组患者治疗前后的症状和实验室指标变化,运用SPSS11.5统计软件进行分析。结果中西医结合治疗组在腹胀缓解时间、腹痛缓解时间和首次排便时间比单纯西医治疗组显著缩短（P〈0.05）;且中西医结合治疗组在治疗后的血淀粉酶、脂肪酶显著低于单纯西医治疗组（P〈0.05）;两组治疗前后的尿淀粉酶、血糖差异无统计学意义（P〉0.1）。结论中西医结合治疗急性胰腺炎的疗效优于单纯西药治疗,中西医结合可有效改善急性胰腺炎患者的临床症状和实验室指标。     

糖尿病酮症酸中毒159例分析

目的回顾性分析糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）发生急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）可能的致病因素及其防治。方法将2003年1月～2012年12月所收治的159例DKA患者,分为急性肾功能衰竭组和非急性肾功能衰竭组,比较两组的年龄、血糖、二氧化碳结合率、肌酐水平、合并严重并发症以及预后情况。结果急性肾功能衰竭组的年龄、血糖、血渗透压、二氧化碳结合率、肌酐水平均高于非肾衰竭组,P〈0．05;急性肾衰组常合并严重的并发症,P〈0．05。结论DKA患者应积极防治各种能够导致ARF的诱因。特别是老年患者。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的危险因素分析及防治对策

目的分析胰十二指肠切除术后发生胰瘘的危险因素,总结相关防治对策。方法187例行PD手术治疗的患者根据术后是否出现胰瘘分为术后胰瘘组（n=28例）和术后无胰瘘组（n=159例）,比较两组患者在性别、身体质量指数（BMI）、糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、残余胰腺质地、胰肠吻合方式及术后是否应用生长抑素等方面的差异性,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析发生胰瘘的危险因素,总结相关防治对策。结果BMI、糖尿病、残余胰腺质地及胰肠吻合方式均为术后出现胰瘘的单因素;经多因素Logistic回归分析,BMI、残余胰腺质地及胰肠吻合方式均为术后出现胰瘘的独立危险因素。结论BMI、残余胰腺质地及胰肠吻合方式均为胰瘩发生的独立危险因素．据此制定有效的防治对策．可有效降低胰瘘发生率。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.