放大色素内镜在结直肠肿瘤内镜黏膜切除治疗中的应用

目的 评估内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)结合放大色素内镜诊治结直肠肿瘤的有效性和安全性.方法 收集结肠镜检查患者中符合EMR指征的无蒂型或平坦、凹陷型病灶.观察病灶形态学与EMR术后组织学结果 的相关性,评估放大色素内镜判断病灶浸润深度的准确性.结果 81例患者经EMR切除病灶90个(无蒂型25个,平坦、凹陷型65个).组织学显示低级别上皮内瘤变(LGD)58个,高级别上皮内瘤变(HGD)20个,腺癌12个.其中HGD和癌变病灶直径大于LGD病灶[(1.4±0.5)cm和(1.6±0.5)cm比(1.05:0.4)cm],但组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).平坦、凹陷型病灶较无蒂型病灶更易出现HGD或癌,但差异亦无统计学意义[41.5%(27/65)比20.0%(5/25),P=0.084].病灶表面有凹陷者出现HGD或癌的比例显著高于无凹陷者[51.0%(25/49)比17.1%(7/41),P<0.01)].放大色素内镜判断病灶浸润深度的准确性为97.8%(88/90).完整的组织学切除占所有病灶的95.6%(86/90).结论 凹陷型和平坦型伴中央凹陷的结直肠病变的恶性倾向高.应用放大色素内镜能准确判断病灶浸润深度,从而使EMR治疗更安全有效.     

注水辅助内镜下黏膜切除术治疗结直肠息肉的临床研究

目的 分析传统内镜下黏膜切除术(CEMR)和水下内镜下黏膜切除术(UEMR)治疗结直肠息肉的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2020年6月至2020年12月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院接受CEMR和UEMR治疗的结直肠息肉共40例,CEMR组21例,UEMR组19例,比较两组患者的一般资料(性别、年龄))、病变情况(病变部位、病变大小、病变形态)、手术操作情况(操作时间、整块切除率、标本回收率、并发症发生率)和住院时间。结果 UEMR组的操作时间短于CEMR组(P<0.05),UEMR组的整块切除率(97.37%)高于CEMR组(80.00%)(P<0.05),UEMR组的标本回收率(94.74%)较CEMR组(72.00%)高(P<0.05),两组患者的住院时间相比无差异性(P>0.05),两组均未出现并发症。结论 与CEMR相比,UEMR治疗结直肠息肉具有更高的整块切除率及标本回收率,操作时间更短,值得临床推广。     

色素内镜联合内镜黏膜切除术诊治结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤的临床研究

背景:结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)与结直肠癌关系密切。目的:探讨色素内镜联合内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)对结直肠LST的临床诊疗价值。方法:纳入2009年7月～2012年2月于达县人民医院行结肠镜检查发现可疑病灶的患者2200例,对病灶内镜下喷洒0.4%靛胭脂行黏膜染色。对染色发现的LST,观察病灶大小并进行形态分型。对LST病灶行EMR或内镜分片黏膜切除术(EPMR),未能行EMR或EPMR者行内镜下活检。结果:黏膜染色后发现结直肠LST患者28例,共30个LST病灶。30个LST病灶中颗粒均一型14个(46.7%),结节混合型8个(26.7%),平坦隆起型5个(16.7%),假凹陷型3个(10.0%);行EMR19个(63.3%),行EPMR6个(20.0%),行内镜下活检5个(16.7%)。病理学检查示早期结直肠癌4个(13.3%),进展期结直肠癌3个(10.0%),腺瘤23个(76.7%)。结论:色素内镜可有效发现结直肠LST病灶。色素内镜联合EMR或EPMR根除LST病灶对早期结直肠癌的防治具有积极意义。     

无腹腔镜辅助的内镜全层切除术治疗源于固有肌层的胃黏膜下肿瘤

目的探讨无腹腔镜辅助的内镜全层切除术（EFR）治疗源于固有肌层的胃黏膜下肿瘤（SMT）的疗效和可行性。方法2007年7月至2009年8月经辅助检查和前期治疗明确诊断为起源于固有肌层的胃SMT患者20例,择期行全麻下EFR治疗：（1）黏膜下注射生理盐水,预切开肿瘤周围黏膜和黏膜下层,显露肿瘤;（2）采用内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）技术沿肿瘤周围分离固有肌层至浆膜层;（3）应用Hook刀沿肿瘤边缘切开浆膜;（4）胃镜直视下应用Hook、IT刀或圈套器完整切除包括浆膜在内的肿瘤;（5）应用金属夹缝合胃创面。结果20例源于固有肌层的胃SMT中,病灶位于胃底9例、胃体11例。EFR成功切除所有病变,完整切除率为100％,未使用腹腔镜辅助;EFR时间为60—145min,平均85min。切除肿瘤最大直径1．8～3．5cm,平均2．6cm;病理诊断为问质瘤13例、平滑肌瘤4例、血管球瘤2例、神经鞘瘤1例。术后无一例出现胃出血、腹膜炎体征及腹腔脓肿,术后3d造影无一例造影剂外漏和胃排空障碍。住院天数3～8d,平均5．5d。术后随访1～12个月,平均7个月,无一例病变残留或复发。结论EFR治疗源于固有肌层的胃SMT是安全、有效的,可以切除更深的胃壁肿瘤,并提供准确的病理诊断资料,它的开展可进一步扩大内镜治疗的适应证。     

内镜治疗结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤64例临床观察

目的观察内镜下治疗结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析确诊为LST并行内镜下治疗的64例患者,按治疗方式分为内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)/内镜下黏膜分片切除术(EPMR)组40例、内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)组11例和EPMR+ESD组13例,观察各组的残留率、出血率、出血量、穿孔率及复发率,并同时记录病灶部位、大小、术后病理、癌变情况。结果 EMR/EPMR组、ESD组、EPMR+ESD组术后发生活动性出血各有5例(13.89%)、2例(18.18%)、2例(15.38%),发生穿孔各有1例(2.78%)、1例(9.01%)、3例(23.8%),3组间出血率及出血量差异无统计学意义(P0.05),穿孔率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。ESD组和EPMR+ESD组均无残留及复发,EMR/EPMR组术后残留率为11.11%,6例出现复发(16.67%),3组间残留及复发率差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。64例LST共发现6例癌变(9.38%)。结论 EMR/EPMR、ESD、EPMR+ESD这3种术式治疗LST均易引起术后迟发型出血,然而EPMR+ESD术会导致更多的出血量,并较EPMR术更容易发生穿孔情况,但EMR/EPMR术相较于其他两组术式,更容易发生残留及复发,需加强术后随访。     

内镜超声指导食管黏膜下肿瘤的黏膜切除术

目的探讨内镜超声指导食管黏膜下肿瘤黏膜切除术的有效性和安全性。方法对1992年至2005年间656例疑为上消化道黏膜下肿瘤患者进行内镜超声检查，其中97例食管病变内镜超声显示病变来源于黏膜肌层，有43例经知情同意后行内镜下黏膜切除术。切除病变经过病理检查明确病变的层次和病变性质。结果通过与病理结果对照表明，EUS准确地判断肿瘤所在的层次；通过黏膜切除术切除所有病变，无一例发生并发症。结论内镜超声检查能准确判断黏膜肌层来源的肿瘤，可用于指导黏膜切除术。     

内镜下切除结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤的 临床结果研究

目的比较分析内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)、预切开EMR(EMR-P)、内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)和圈套器辅助ESD(ESD-S)4种内镜下切除方法治疗结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LSTs)的安全性和有效性。方法以2016年1月至2018年3月在解放军总医院第一医学中心接受内镜下治疗的146例结直肠LSTs病例为研究对象,回顾性分析患者基本信息、内镜下切除结果、术后组织病理学结果和随访结果。结果146例结直肠LSTs中,23例行EMR治疗,29例行EMR-P治疗,50例行ESD治疗,44例行ESD-S治疗。中位病变直径2.5 cm(1.2~10.0 cm)。EMR、EMR-P、ESD和ESD-S整块切除率分别为73.9%(17/23)、72.4%(21/29)、96.0%(48/50)、65.9%(29/44),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);R0切除率分别为65.2%(15/23)、69.0%(20/29)、94.0%(47/50)、63.6%(28/44),差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。ESD组整块切除率和R0切除率高于其他3组(P均<0.05)。4组术中穿孔率分别为0,0,6.0%(3/50),9.1%(4/44),差异无统计学意义(P=0.269);迟发性出血率分别为4.3%(1/23),0,2.0%(1/50),2.3%(1/44),差异无统计学意义(P=0.768)。117例(80.1%)患者术后进行了肠镜随访,中位随访时间10.0个月(3.0~26.0个月),其中局部复发7例(6.0%)。结论ESD是结直肠LSTs最理想的治疗方法;EMR可作为直径<20 mm结直肠LSTs的治疗方法;EMR-P和ESD-S作为改良的内镜下切除方法,在治疗LSTs上具有自身特殊的优势。     

内镜下治疗直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的临床效果

目的 比较不同内镜下治疗方式对直肠神经内分泌肿瘤(rectal neuroendocrine tumors, R-NET)的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2022年5月于武汉大学人民医院消化内科经内镜下治疗后确诊为R-NET的81例患者的临床资料。结果 81例R-NET患者均在内镜下成功切除病灶,病灶多呈表面光滑隆起型或息肉样病变(95.1%),色泽多为正常或淡黄色(92.6%),大部分位于距肛门5～10 cm处(72.8%)。内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD)组61例,其中50例行超声肠镜检查,结果提示,肿瘤起源于黏膜层、黏膜下层43例,固有肌层7例;内镜下黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection, EMR)组20例,仅2例行EUS检查,其中黏膜层1例,黏膜下层1例;两组在术前EUS检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。内镜治疗中,EMR较ESD手术时间短、住院时间短、治疗费用低(P均<0.001),而手术并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫组化结果...     

内镜黏膜切除术治疗结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤的临床疗效

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)对结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)患者的临床疗效。方法经内镜诊断为LST患者36例,LST直径10~20 mm患者14例为实验1组;直径20 mm患者22例随机分成两组,实验2组12例,对照组10例。对照组予常规外科普通开腹大肠切除手术治疗,实验1组与实验2组予内镜下黏膜切除术治疗。治疗结束后,对比两组患者手术时间、术区愈合时间、出血量、术后复发情况。结果 1三组患者手术时间及术中出血量均比较理想,且实验1、2组手术时间、出血量明显好于对照组(P0.05),但实验1组与实验2组比较无明显差异(P0.05);2实验1组与实验2组术后愈合时间较对照组明显较短(P0.05),但实验1组与实验2组比较无明显差异(P0.05);3实验1组与实验2组复发率明显低于对照组(P0.05),实验1组与实验2组比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论 EMR能够明显缩短手术治疗时间,并降低患者出血量,促进创口愈合,降低复发率,对临床具有指导意义,值得临床推广。     

内镜黏膜切除术治疗大肠广基大息肉

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)对肠道广基大息肉样病变的治疗价值。方法采用结肠镜下大肠黏膜切除术治疗135例共157个结直肠广基大息肉。病灶黏膜下注射肾上腺素生理盐水后,一次圈套整块切除或分次圈套切除病变,回收全部标本送病理检查,术后结肠镜随访。结果全部息肉EMR一次切除,除3个位于直肠黏膜下的病灶小于1 cm外,其余均大于1.5 cm,最大的13 cm×12 cm,无手术并发症。术后病理:腺瘤123个,其中有异型增生80个;黏膜内癌11个;增生性息肉20个;直肠类癌3个。随访中,有2例大于7 cm的直肠腺瘤分别于术后1个月及3个月复查时复发,均给予热活检钳完整钳除,病理分别为增生性息肉和绒毛状腺瘤,再复查6-12个月无复发。结论EMR是治疗大肠癌前病变及黏膜内癌安全、有效的方法。     

Recurrence after endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection for large sessile colorectal polyps

AIM: To evaluate the safety and outcomes of endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR) for large sessile colorectal polyps. METHODS: The patients enrolled in this study were 47 patients with 50 large sessile polyps (diameter, 2 cm or greater) who underwent EPMR using a submucosal saline injection technique between December 2002 and October 2005. All medical records, including characteristics of the patients and polyps, complications, and recurrences, were retrospectively reviewed. The first follow-up end...     

High en bloc resection rate achieved by endoscopic mucosal resection with IT knife for early gastric cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) around lesions performed by an insulation-tipped diathermic knife (IT knife) increases en bloc resection rates, suggesting the possibility of expanding indications for EMR. METHODOLOGY: Clinical outcome of EMR performed by IT knife under general anesthesia was evaluated for 26 patients with 29 early gastric cancer. RESULTS: Successful en bloc resection rates obtained by the IT knife were 100, 87.5, 90.0 and 100% for lesions < or =10 mm in size, 11-20 mm, 21-30 mm, and > or =31 mm, respectively. They were significantly higher with the IT knife than those obtained by the conventional method (IT knife method: 93.1% vs. conventional method: 28.5%, p<0.0001). Two lesions were lateral margin positive, and in three cases invasion of lesions was observed as deep as the submucosa. Distal, total, and proximal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, respectively, was provided in 3 cases; however, no lymph node involvement was found in any of the resected specimens. Bleeding and perforation were observed in 3 cases, respectively, however, no additional surgical treatment was required for these patients. CONCLUSIONS: EMR by means of the IT knife under general anesthesia can be performed safely and adequately. It is a useful treatment modality for early gastric cancer.     

内镜黏膜切除术在诊治老年结直肠广基隆起性病变患者中的价值

目的评价内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)在诊治老年结直肠广基隆起性病变患者中的临床价值。方法入选2015年1月至2017年1月经广州市中西医结合医院内镜室结肠镜检出的广基隆起性病变患者78例,年龄50～78(63.4±9.2)岁。通过EMR切除病灶,术中记录病变大小、形态以及手术操作方法、并发症、病理类型等信息。至少随访3个月。结果72例病变均予标准EMR切除,3例Ⅱa+Ⅱc病变及3例LST病变予EPMR切除。术中出血8例,出血量均20 ml。所有患者术后均无迟发性出血及穿孔发生;所有病变一次性整块切除率为92.3%(72/78),组织治愈性切除率91.0%(71/78)。术后病理提示增生性息肉8例(10.3%),管状腺瘤或管状绒毛状腺瘤伴低级别上皮内瘤变(LGD)58例(74.3%),管状腺瘤或管状绒毛状腺瘤伴高级别上皮内瘤变(HGD)10例(12.8%),黏膜下癌2例(2.6%)。共随访68例患者,中位随访时间12(3～24)个月,均未见复发。结论EMR诊治老年结直肠广基隆起性病变患者安全、有效,值得推广。     

Local recurrence after endoscopic resection of colorectal tumors

Background and aims  Local recurrence frequently occurs after endoscopic resection of large colorectal tumors. However, appropriate intervals for surveillance colonoscopy to assess local recurrence after endoscopic resection have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to determine local recurrence rates following en-bloc and piecemeal endoscopic resection and establish appropriate surveillance colonoscopy intervals based on retrospective analysis of local recurrences. Materials and methods  A total of 461 patients with 572 ≥ 10-mm lesions underwent endoscopic resection and follow-up. We retrospectively compared local recurrence rates on lesion size, macroscopic type, and histological type after en-bloc resection (440 lesions) and piecemeal resection (132 lesions). Cumulative local recurrence rates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results  Local recurrence occurred for 34 lesions (5.9%). Local recurrence rates for the en-bloc and piecemeal groups was 0.7% (3/440) and 23.5% (31/132), respectively (P < 0.001). The difference between the two groups was distinct in terms of lesion size, macroscopic type, and histological type. Of the 34 local recurrences, 32 were treated endoscopically and two cases required additional surgery. The 6-, 12-, and 24-month cumulative local recurrence rate of the en-bloc group was 0.24%, 0.49%, and 0.81%. Then the 6-, 12-, and 24-month cumulative local recurrence rate for the piecemeal group was 18.4%, 23.1%, and 30.7%. Conclusion  Local recurrence occurred more frequently after piecemeal resection than en-bloc resection. However, almost all cases of local recurrences could be cured by additional endoscopic resection, so piecemeal resection can be acceptable treatment. This paper was presented in part at Digestive Disease Week 2003, May 17–22, Orlando, Florida, USA.     

Large endoscopic mucosal resection for colorectal tumors exceeding 4 cm

AIM:To evaluate the feasibility and the outcome of endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)for large colorectal tumors exceeding 4 cm(LCRT)undergoing piecemeal resection. METHODS:From January 2005 to April 2008,146 digestive tumors larger than 2 cm were removed with the EMR technique in our department.Of these,34 tumors were larger than 4 cm and piecemeal resection was carried out on 26 colorectal tumors.The mean age of the patients was 71 years.The mean follow-up duration was 12 mo. RESULTS:LCRTs were located in ...     

Novel technique for endoscopic en bloc resection(EMR+)-Evaluation in a porcine model

BACKGROUND Endoscopic en bloc resection of larger polyps is relevant because risk of advanced neoplasia or malignancy correlates with tumor size. Recurrence rates after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) are high and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is associated with higher complication rates in the western world. AIM To develop a modified endoscopic en bloc resection technique using an external additional working channel and novel agent for submucosal injection. METHODS EMR+ was considered as modified grasp and snare technique. For simultaneous use of a grasping and cutting device a novel additional working channel was used (AWC■, Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany). AWC■ is installed on the outer surface of the endoscope, covered with a plastic sleeve and designed for single use. For submucosal injection a new agent consisting of poloxamers was used (LiftUp■, Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany). The agent is liquid at room temperature and forms a stable and permanent gel cushion after injection. Safety of LiftUp? has been shown in a pre-clinical study in domestic pigs. LiftUp■ is commercially not yet available but approval is expected in early 2019. EMR+ was first developed ex vivo (explanted pig stomach) and subsequently evaluated in vivo (stomach, porcine model, 3 domestic pigs). Main outcome measurements were: Procedure time, macroscopic en bloc resection and adverse events. RESULTS Concept of EMR+ was first developed ex vivo (explanted pig stomach). Ex vivo, 22 resections were performed after technique was established. Median procedure time (measured from begin of injection to extraction of resection specimen) was 7 min (range 5-11, SD 1.68) and median size of resection specimens was 30 mm × 26 mm × 11 mm ex vivo. Subsequently 13 resections were performed in vivo (stomach, porcine model, 3 domestic pigs). In vivo, median procedure time (measured from begin of injection to extraction of resection specimen) was 5 min (range 3-12, SD 2.72) and median size of resection specimens was 35 mm × 35 mm × 11 mm. In vivo, resection was macroscopic complete in 92.3%, major adverse events were not observed. In one case (7.7%) minor periprocedural bleeding was observed and managed by coagulation. CONCLUSION EMR+ appeared to be effective and safe and was easy and fast to perform in the porcine model. EMR+ needs to be further evaluated clinically in comparative trials.