中药汤剂外用治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的文献计量分析

目的了解国内中药汤剂外用治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的现状和趋势,为后续研究提供思路和依据。方法以CNKI、维普、万方、CBM数据库为资料来源,采用文献计量分析法,统计自建库至2019年6月30日发表的有关中药汤剂外用治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的文献并对发文量、期刊、被引量、基金资助、关键词等进行分析。结果共纳入110篇文献,被76种期刊收录;《中医临床研究》收录文献最多(5篇);被引频次在5次及以上的文献有33篇(30%);有科研基金资助的文献22篇(20%)。结论中药汤剂外用治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的研究处于平稳发展阶段,存在发文分散,基金覆盖面低,缺乏基础研究等不足,文献质量有待提高。     

基于VOS viewer的国内热射病研究现状与趋势的可视化分析

目的：利用文献计量学可视化方法分析我国热射病的研究现状及研究热点,以期为热射病的研究和发展提供借鉴。方法：检索中国知网全文数据库2000年—2021年热射病研究的相关文献,采用文献计量学方法和VOS viewer软件对发文量、期刊、作者、研究机构、关键词等提取分析,并进行可视化展示。结果：共纳入文献647篇,最高发文量出现在2019年;发文10篇以上的期刊有6种,最多的期刊为《解放军医学杂志》,共24篇;共有7所机构发文量≥10篇,发文最多的机构是解放军总医院,共39篇;发文量≥5篇的作者有33名,共形成3个作者合作团体,发文最多的作者是解放军总医院的宋青;通过关键词聚类分析,形成我国热射病研究的5个聚类,即临床研究、劳力性研究、急救措施、重症管理和机制研究。结论：我国研究者对热射病研究的关注度逐渐增加,但高质量核心期刊较少,核心作者团队尚未形成,作者间合作、交流有待加强,建议核心医疗机构发挥示范作用,不断提升研究水平,临床研究和急救措施可能是未来的研究热点。     

线上药学服务工作的文献计量学及可视化分析

目的 分析全球线上药学服务工作的现状和发展趋势。方法 检索中国知网、维普、万方、Web of Science数据库中药学服务相关文献，检索时限为各数据库自建库起至2022年12月。分析纳入文献的发表年份、发表期刊、作者、基金资助情况、来源机构、来源国别（或地区）、被引用情况、关键词等信息。结果 共纳入文献319篇，其中中文文献188篇，英文文献131篇。该类文献最早发表于1998年，2019年后文献数量迅速增加。中文文献，以《中国药业》载文量最多（19篇）；其中107篇（56.91%）有基金资助；四川大学华西医院发文量最多（6篇）；北京、广东、上海发文量居前列；近年来，关键词聚焦于“互联网”“药学服务”等。英文文献，以American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy载文量最多（20篇）；其中53篇（40.46%）有基金资助；North Dakota State University Fargo发文量最多（8篇）；美国、中国、约旦3个国家的发文量居前列；近年来，关键词聚焦于“telepharmacy“”telemedicine”等。结论 中国作者发表的...     

中医药院校教师发展研究的文献计量学分析

目的:了解中医药院校教师发展研究的现状,分析研究的热点与不足,为同行从事相关研究、开展相关工作提供参考。方法:以题名或关键词为"教师",且作者单位为"中医药大学"或"中医学院",检索中国知网、维普网、万方数据库所收录的中医药院校正式发表的教师发展研究文献,检索时限为自数据库建库起至2018年11月19日。在应用Note Express 3.0软件提取文献发文年代、来源期刊、发文机构、论文作者、被引频次、基金资助、关键词等参数的基础上,利用SPSS 19.0等软件进行文献计量学统计与分析。结果:获得有效文献1 183篇,主要为期刊文献(1 144篇);年发文量总体呈上升趋势,2016年达峰值为118篇;1 144篇文献被刊载在408种期刊上;发文量前6的作者分别为刘京丽(6篇)和梁馨月、刘娜、刘燕平、许南阳、闫晓天(各5篇);发文量最多的机构是南京中医药大学(89篇);653篇(55.20%)的文献有被引记录,但大多数(457篇,38.63%)被引0～3次,篇均被引2.15次;国家部委资助的基金论文比不到3%;共提取关键词7 098个,高频关键词31个,包括"高校教师"和"青年教师"等。结论:中医药院校的教师发展研究日趋活跃,但研究的核心作者尚未形成,研究的持续性、系统性不够,研究质量仍有待提高。     

我国患者安全胜任力相关研究的护理文献计量学分析

目的 了解我国患者安全胜任力相关护理研究的现状及发展趋势,分析相关研究热点,为进一步研究提供参考依据。方法 以万方、中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统及维普数据库为数据来源;检索涉及患者安全胜任力的相关护理研究的文献,检索建库至2022年7月的相关文献,应用SPSS21.0、CiteSpace软件对文献的数量、年份、期刊、作者、关键词等进行分析。结果 从各数据库共检索到相关文献257篇,经过去重处理共获得47篇期刊文献,最终纳入文献23篇。文献发表整体呈上升趋势;文献地区分布在14个省份,其中有15篇文献集中在北京(6篇)、山东(5篇)和上海(4篇),占总发文量51.72%;期刊分布19种,23篇文献中16篇文献发表于护理期刊占比69.57%,7篇文献发表于其他期刊,占比30.43%;基金资助文献11篇,占47.82%,其中省级5篇(21.74%),院级或校级7篇(30.43%);23篇文献中,横断面研究最多,共12篇,占总数的52.17%;关键词分析中共涉及38个关键词,其中出现频率最高的是胜任力,其次是患者安全。将关键词进行聚类分析,共分为5个聚类,分别是专家会议、护理管理、护士、...     

基于VOSviewer和Citespace可视化图谱分析党参的研究现状与发展趋势

目的 采用文献计量学方法分析总结党参的研究历史、发展现状、趋势热点。方法 检索并筛选1992年1月1日—2022年6月30日中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Web of Science数据库核心集党参相关文献。选用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件从发文量、作者、机构、国家、基金资助、发文期刊、被引频次、关键词、聚类、突现词方面进行可视化分析,并绘制可视化图谱。结果 共纳入有效文献594篇,中文文献484篇,英文文献110篇。中、英文文献发文量整体呈上升趋势。中、英文文献发文量最多的学者分别是高建平和ZOU Yuanfeng。中国是发表党参研究最多的国家。山西医科大学药学院和中国科学院分别是中、英文文献发文量最多的机构。党参相关研究基金资助最多的是国家科学自然基金。接收中、英文文献最多的期刊分别是《中药材》和International Journal of Biological Macromolecules。中文文献引用频次最高的是1篇对党参化学成分和药理作用总结归纳的综述性文章,英文文献引用频次最高的是关于党参多糖结构鉴别及药理作用的研究报道。中文文献的关键词、聚类、突现词图谱显...     

基于CiteSpace中药治疗腹腔粘连的可视化分析

目的 基于CiteSpace软件进行中药治疗腹腔粘连研究现状的可视化分析。方法 检索2002年1月至2022年9月中国知网期刊数据库中药治疗腹腔粘连的相关文献,关键词为腹腔粘连、腹膜粘连、肠粘连、术后粘连、中药,利用CiteSpace软件进行作者、机构、关键词可视化分析并绘制知识图谱。结果 纳入文献100篇,平均年发文量5篇。作者发文量最多6篇,为曾莉教授。机构最高发文量为5篇,为南方医科大学南方医院药学部。频次较高(≥5次)的关键词包括中药、腹腔粘连、肠梗阻、肠粘连、术后、粘连、预防、术后粘连、大承气汤。关键词聚类节点数>10的共6类。聚类主要归纳为不同的中药对腹腔粘连的实验研究和不同中药治疗在腹腔粘连的临床应用研究两部分内容。2007年突现了肠梗阻、肠粘连关键词。肠梗阻突现持续到2010年,是突现持续时间最长的关键词。结论中药治疗腹腔粘连这一领域的年发文量相对少,是一个具有潜力和前景的研究方向。研究者和研究机构数量相对少且集中。中药治疗腹腔粘连研究的热点主要分为两方面,一方面为中药对腹腔粘连的基础实验研究,另一方面为中药对腹腔粘连的临床应用研究。     

证据图研究合作能力与研究主题分析

目的：对证据图研究进行文献计量学分析,以期了解目前证据图研究的现状并为学者开展相关研究提供借鉴和参考。方法：通过检索PubMed、EMBASE.com、Cochrane Library和 Web of Science获取证据图文献。利用VOSviewer 1.6.10软件对纳入研究的作者、国家、机构和关键词等信息进行提取,并对国家生成可视化合作网络图,对关键词进行聚类分析。采用CiteSpace V软件分析高产作者和高产机构之间的关系并生成可视化知识图谱。结果：共纳入证据图研究112篇,发文量最多的国家为美国(50篇),发文量最多的机构为塔夫茨大学(11篇),591位作者参与了证据图研究的发表,但发文量大于2篇的作者仅占4.74％。主要机构形成了3个研究团队,主要作者形成了6个合作团体,但各作者之间、机构之间合作较少。研究的主题主要有4个,主要的研究热点主题是肥胖、营养等人类的公共健康、婴幼儿的临床状况和青少年的心理健康。结论：高产的作者较少,参与研究的团体较多,各团体、机构之间的联系不够紧密,仍需进一步增强合作。证据图研究主题不多,仍需开拓新的研究主题。     

耳穴治疗心血管疾病文献计量学分析

目的:分析耳穴治疗心血管疾病的文献情况,了解研究现状和方向,为进一步临床及科研工作提供参考。方法:全面检索2001～2010年耳穴治疗心血管疾病的文献,按照文献的发表年限、关键词、基金来源、参考文献数量、被引用次数、论文类型等进行统计学分析。结果:①各年的文献发表量不均衡,波动较大;②文献分布分散,少数集中;③各年文献平均作者人数、参考文献数量有较大波动,总体增加,文献平均被引用次数总体上逐年减少;④关键词分布不均,主要集中在"高血压、冠心病、心绞痛";⑤基础研究不足,临床研究多而不精。结论:关于耳穴治疗心血管疾病,需要加强基础研究,提高临床研究质量。     

肺癌耐药性研究的可视化分析

目的：研究分析我国肺癌耐药性研究的现状和发展趋势,以期为进一步开展该领域研究提供借鉴。方法：计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库与肺癌耐药性研究相关的文献至2018年1月。由2位研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选出符合标准的研究,用BICOMS 2分析软件对关键词、作者及其单位等信息进行抽取和整理并生成共现矩阵及词篇矩阵,同时,分别利用NetDraw 2.089和gCLUTO 1.0绘制网络关系图和进行聚类分析。结果：初检获得肺癌耐药性研究相关文献2 932篇,最终纳入相关研究1 250篇,研究数量在发表时间、省份、刊载期刊、作者及其单位分布方面很不平衡,作者分为10个主要的研究团体,有33个省、自治区、直辖市和特别行政区的作者参与了肺癌耐药性的研究,同时研究主题主要涵盖4个方面。结论：我国肺癌耐药性研究起步早,2006年以后明显增加,2014年达到高峰,近三年均不超过每年100篇。参与肺癌耐药性研究的作者主要来自北京市、上海市、江苏省、广东省等发达地区,虽研究作者和机构众多,但多产作者和研究机构数量少,目前的研究热点主要集中在对肺癌耐药性的机制研究上。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

2-(Acetoxyphenyl)-(Z)-styryl sulfides as cyclooxygenase inhibitors

2-(Acetoxyphenyl)-(Z)-styryl sulfides are described as selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, useful for treating inflammation and COX-2-mediated disorders including neoplasia. 2-(Acetoxyphenyl)-(Z)-styryl sulfide is claimed to be the most potent COX inhibitor in the series with a COX-2 selectivity ratio of 33. This compound is also claimed to be superior to celecoxib (Celebrex^®, Pfizer) in inhibiting cell growth of colorectal carcinoma cells. In this evaluation, the COX inhibitory activity of this compound is compared to that previously disclosed for diarylheterocycles and 2-(acetoxyphenyl)alkyl sulfides. The validity of the DLD-1 cell line in the growth inhibition studies is questioned based on recent literature reports indicating the lack of COX-2 expression in this cell line.     

Sleep-disordered breathing with chronic opioid use

Chronic opioid use for pain relief or as substitution therapy for illicit drug abuse is prevalent in our societies. In the US, retail distribution of methadone and oxycodone has increased by 824 and 660%, respectively, between 1997 and 2003. μ-Opioids depress respiration and deaths related to illicit and non illicit chronic opioid use are not uncommon. Since 2001 there has been an emerging literature that suggests that chronic opioid use is related to central sleep apnoea of both periodic and non-periodic breathing types, and occurs in ～ 30% of these subjects. The clinical significance of these sleep-related abnormalities are unknown. This review addresses the present knowledge of control of ventilation mechanisms during wakefulness and sleep, the effects of opioids on ventilatory control mechanisms, the sleep-disordered breathing found with chronic opioid use and a discussion regarding the future research directions in this area.     

Drug targets for cognitive enhancement in neuropsychiatric disorders

The investigation of novel drug targets for treating cognitive impairments associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders remains a primary focus of study in central nervous system (CNS) research. Many promising new therapies are progressing through preclinical and clinical development, and offer the potential of improved treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as other disorders that have not been particularly well treated to date like the cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). Among targets under investigation, cholinergic receptors have received much attention with several nicotinic agonists (α7 and α4β2) actively in clinical trials for the treatment of AD, CIAS and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both glutamatergic and serotonergic (5-HT) agonists and antagonists have profound effects on neurotransmission and improve cognitive function in preclinical experiments with animals; some of these compounds are now in proof-of-concept studies in humans. Several histamine H3 receptor antagonists are in clinical development not only for cognitive enhancement, but also for the treatment of narcolepsy and cognitive deficits due to sleep deprivation because of their expression in brain sleep centers. Compounds that dampen inhibitory tone (e.g., GABA_A α5 inverse agonists) or elevate excitatory tone (e.g., glycine transporter inhibitors) offer novel approaches for treating diseases such as schizophrenia, AD and Down syndrome. In addition to cell surface receptors, intracellular drug targets such as the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are known to impact signaling pathways that affect long-term memory formation and working memory. Overall, there is a genuine need to treat cognitive deficits associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions as well as an increasingly aging population.