【In Press】Photorefractive keratectomy after cataract surgery in uncommon cases. Long-term results

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the excimer laser correction of the residual refractive errors after cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in uncommon cases. METHODS: 24 patients with high residual refractive error after cataract surgery with IOL implantation were examined. Twenty-two patients had a history of phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, and two had extra-capsular cataract extraction with IOL implantation. Detailed examination of preoperative medical records was done to explain the origin of the post-cataract refractive errors. All patients underwent PRK enhancement. The mean outcome measures were refraction, UCVA, BCVA and corneal transparency and follow up ranged from 1 to 8y. RESULTS: The principal causes of residual ametropia was inexact IOL calculation in abnormal eyes with high myopia and congenital lens abnormalities, followed bycorneal astigmatism both suture induced and preexisting. After cataract surgery and before the laser enhancement the mean SE was -0.56±3 D ranging from -4.62 to +2.25 D in high myopic patients, instead it was -1±1.73 D ranging from -3.25 to +3.75 D in the astigmatic eyes, with a mean cylinder of -3.75±0 ranging from -3 to +5.50. After laser refractive surgery the mean SE was 0.1±0.73, ranging from -0.50 to +1.50 in the myopic group, and it was -0.50 ±0.57 ranging from -1.25 to +0.50 in astigmatic patients, with a mean cylinder of -0.25 ±0.75. In myopic patients the mean UCVA and BCVA were 0.038 Log MAR ±0.072 and 0.018 ±0.04 respectively, both ranging from 0.10 to 0.0. In astigmatic patients, the mean UCVA and BCVA were 0.213±0.132 and 0.00±0.0 respectively: UCVA ranging from 0.50 to 0.22 and BCVA was 0.00. All patients presented normal corneal transparency. No ocular hypertension was detected and no corneal haze was observed. All registered values remained stable also at the end line evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The excimer laser treatment of residual refractive errors after cataract surgery with IOL implantation in abnormal eyes resulted in satisfactory and stable visual outcome with good safety and efficacy.     

准分子激光屈光性角膜手术后白内障人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨准分子激光屈光性角膜手术后白内障吸出术中、植入人工晶状体的屈光度计算方法。方法对4例（4眼）准分子激光屈光性角膜手术后的白内障行超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术，术前采用OrbscanⅡ角膜地形图及角膜曲率计测量角膜的K值，分别应用第二代经验公式（SRKⅡ）计算所需人工晶状体的屈光度。术后验光记录术眼屈光状况，与术前结果对比，评价所选择的人工晶状体屈光度的准确性。结果OrbscanⅡ角膜地形图和角膜曲率计分别测量的角膜K值，以及所计算的人工晶状体的屈光度，均有明显的差别。尽管按预留近视状态，选用角膜地形图测量的K值计算人工晶状体的屈光度，术后仍然欠矫，平均产生远视＋1．57D，较术前预留度数仍相差约＋3．44D。结论采用OrbscanⅡ角膜地形图的K值来计算人工晶状体屈光度误差小，在预留的屈光度数基础上加3．50D来选择人工晶状体是较为精确和安全的。     

准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术后高透氧性角膜接触镜的应用

目的:探讨高透氧性角膜接触镜对准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(photorefractive keratectomy,PRK)后眼刺激症状及角膜上皮愈合的影响。方法:共95例190眼PRK病例,术后随机选择一只眼戴软性亲水性高透氧的角膜接触镜,另一只眼配戴普通月抛型角膜接触镜。术后记录术眼自觉症状,观察角膜上皮愈合情况,检查术后6mo裸眼视力,同时进行haze评分。结果:高透氧角膜接触镜组术眼视物模糊、眼痛、畏光均轻于普通月抛型角膜接触镜组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高透氧角膜接触镜组平均角膜上皮愈合时间分别为3.11±2.12d,普通月抛型角膜接触镜组为4.02±2.21d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。角膜上皮72h内愈合者高透氧角膜接触镜组占46%,普通月抛型角膜接触镜组占36%。术后第7d裸眼视力高于1.0者高透氧角膜接触镜组为60眼(63%),普通月抛型角膜接触镜组为48眼(51%)。术后6mo两组术后裸眼视力无显著性差异(P=0.35),两组haze发生率比较无显著性差异(P=0.55)。结论:PRK术后使用高透氧性角膜接触镜可以明显减轻术后患者的角膜刺激症状,减少患者的术后不适感,缩短角膜上皮的愈合时间。     

中低度近视准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术后眼压测量值波动范围的预测

目的：预测准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（PRK）后个体眼压测量值的波动范围。方法：测量中低度近视行PRK手术的383眼术前及术后1年的眼压。利用回归方程对术后个体眼压测量值的波动范围进行预测。结果：术后1年和术后眼压测量值明显相关,对于一个给定的术前眼压X0（mmHg）,其术后眼压测量值95％容许区间为0.5X0－0.1,0.5X0＋6.3（mmHg）。结论：可以根据术前眼压,对中低度近视PRK术后个体眼压测量值的波动范围进行预测。     

Photorefractive keratectomy: a case report

A case of a 52-year-old male who underwent photorefractive keratectomy is reported. The major complications included variable refraction, deteriorating visual acuity, corneal scarring and haze, monocular polyopia and dry eye. (CM Exp Optom 1995: 78: 4:130–134)     

Photorefractive keratectomy

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is the alteration of corneal curvature by photoablation with an excimer laser to eliminate or significantly reduce refractive errors. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the literature on this procedure, from the principles and development of the laser system, to its clinical application, Melbourne particularly for the correction of myopia. Both animal and human studies have shown promising results and the procedure is fundamentally superior to radial keratotomy and other refractive surgical procedures; patient response is encouraging, refractive results are reasonably predictable and serious adverse effects on the cornea are infrequent. However, a number of concerns remain, including stromal haze and opacification, regression and instability of the refractive effect, decreased visual performance, due to light scattering and an imperfect refracting surface, and potential long-term side-effects. Optometrists should be well informed regarding PRK, so as to provide expert, independent advice for prospective patients, as well as pre- and post-operative follow- up care.     

高度近视眼白内障手术疗效观察

目的　分析高度近视眼白内障手术效果。方法　高度近视合并白内障病例共１９１ 例（２７９ 只眼）,行白内障术后３ｍｏ以上,随访视力、眼屈光度及并发症,计算测量误差及ＳＲＫ－ＩＩ公式误差。结果　术后矫正视力０ ．５ 者２００ 只眼,占７１．７ ％ ;矫正视力＜ ０．１ 者１３ 只眼,占４ ．７ ％ － 眼轴越长,近视性眼底病变越重。术后发生视网膜脱离２ 只眼（０ ．７％） 。眼轴长度测量误差值平均为０．５３ｍｍ ,ＳＲＫ－ＩＩ公式计算的平均绝对屈光误差值为１．１２Ｄ。结论　高度近视眼白内障手术效果较一般人群差,且眼轴越长效果越差。     

高度近视并发性白内障术后屈光误差影响因素的研究进展

高度近视是我国乃至全世界主要致盲性疾病之一,而高度近视并发性白内障更是一种高致盲风险的复杂性白内障,目前手术是唯一的治疗手段,由于高度近视可导致眼内一系列复杂改变,相比正常眼轴眼而言,术后更易产生屈光误差以及屈光漂移,本文就术前生物学测量准确性、人工晶状体计算公式的选择、有效人工晶状体位置变化等几部分对高度近视并发性白内障术后屈光误差的影响因素作一综述。     

准分子激光角膜切削术矫正RK术后近视22例

目的:探讨准分子激光角膜切削术(PRK)矫正角膜放射状切开术(RK)后残留近视及近视散光的有效性和安全性。方法:应用波长193nm的ArF准分子激光对22例39眼RK术后残留的近视及近视散光进行准分子激光屈光手术治疗。结果:随访5a,平均屈光度由术前-4.21±1.42D下降至术后的-0.41±0.31D,34眼≥术前最佳矫正视力,术前裸眼视力≥1.0者32眼,术后裸眼视力≥1.0者30眼,回退4眼(10%),回退度数<-1.25D。术前矫正视力≤0.9者,术后5a时仅2眼裸眼视力≥1.0。结论:PRK是一种有效和安全的矫正RK术后残留近视的方法。     

高度轴性近视眼白内障手术屈光误差分析

目的:分析高度轴性近视合并老年性白内障患者白内障术后的屈光误差。方法:选择176只高度轴性近视合并老年性白内障眼,眼轴长度≥26mm,行白内障摘除术3个月以上,测量眼轴长度、角膜屈光度、前房深度和眼屈光度数,计算并比较眼轴长度、角膜屈光度测量误差和SRK-公式计算误差。结果:平均眼轴长度测量误差值为0.53mm,平均角膜屈光度测量误差值为0.46D,导致相应的眼屈光度误差值为0.86D和0.45D。SRK-公式计算的平均绝对屈光误差值为1.12D,屈光误差大于2D者占12.5%。结论:公式计算误差和眼轴长度测量误差是导致术后眼屈光度误差的主要原因,且随着眼轴越长,眼轴长度测量误差越大,公式计算的误差也越大。     

PRK治疗高度近视的临床分析

目的探讨准分子激光角膜切削术对高度近视的疗效及其并发症。方法采用UV200型准分子激光机,对183例（330眼）—6．00D以上近视患者施行准分子激光角膜切削术,对随诊1a以上的患者进行观察。术前等值球面镜屈光度为—6．00～—26．00D（—10．27±—3．87D）,按屈光度分为3组：A组—600～—10．00D,199眼;B组—10．00～—15．00D,87眼;C组＞—15．00D,44眼。结果术后1a时裸眼视力＞0．5者276眼,占83．64％,M1．0者144眼,占43．64％;术后类固醇高眼压37眼,占11．21％;23眼（6．97％）的患眼有严重的角膜混浊,发生视网膜脱离3眼,眼底出血2眼。角膜曲率和中央角膜厚度在术后各时期无明显变化。结论PRK手术对高度近视是有效的．安全的。部分患者可获得良好的裸眼视力,大部分患者可明显减轻眼镜度数。     

PRK治疗近视术后远期疗效分析

目的:评价PRK治疗近视及散光的远期疗效。方法:选取1996-11/1998-01PRK手术116例(219眼),按术前等值球镜度分为3组,A组:-1.00D~-3.00D53眼;B组:-3.125D~-6.00D125眼;C组:-6.125D~-16.00D41眼。术后随访10a。结果:术后10a裸眼视力≥0.5、≥1.0者,A组分别为100%、84.9%;B组分别为100%、80.8%;C组分别为92.7%、31.7%。术后10a屈光度在预定矫正度±1.00D以内者,A、B、C组依次为92.5%,74.4%,34.2%。术后10a最佳矫正视力达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力者依次98.1%、98.4%、92.2%。无1例有1级以上角膜上皮下雾状浑浊(Haze)者。结论:PRK是治疗近视安全有效的方法,其预测性及稳定性与近视度呈负相关。     

PRK治疗近视远期疗效分析

目的　评价PRK治疗近视及散光的远期疗效。方法　 1995年 11月～ 1997年 5月PRK手术 3 46例 (619眼 ) ,按术前等值球镜度分为 3组 ,A组 :-1.0 0D～ -6.0 0D ,3 40眼 ;B组 :-6.2 5D～ -10 .0 0D ,189眼 ;C组 :-10 .2 5D～ -2 4.0 0D ,90眼。术后随访 5年。结果　术后 5年屈光度在预定矫正度± 1.0 0D以内者 ,A、B、C组依次为 93 .2 % ;82 .5 % ;2 7.8%。裸眼视力≥0 .5者 ,3组依次为 94 1% ;78 8% ;3 5 6%。最佳矫正视力达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力得依次为 99 1% ;95 2 % ;92 2 %。有3级以上角膜上皮下雾状浑浊 (haze)者依次为 0 .5 9% ;1.0 6% ;6 67%。结论　PRK是治疗近视安全有效的方法 ,其预测性及稳定性与近视度呈负相关     

Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy mode using SCHWIND-ESIRIS excimer laser: initial clinical results

AIM: To evaluate postoperative pain, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and cornea haze value after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) performed with aspherical ablation profile using SCHWIND ESIRIS excimer laser. METHODS: Retrospective case series. Fifty-nice eyes (32 patients) with myopia associated with or without astigmatism underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) followed by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) which performed by Optimized Refractive Keratecomy (ORK)-CAM software based on aspherical ablation profile using SCHWIND ESIRIS excimer laser. Postoperative pain scale was measured on a questionnaire through five levels. Haze was graded by five grades, and UCVA, manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean pain level was (1.37±0.613) (range: 1 to 3), the mean time picking out the soft contact lens was (6.22±1.73) days, at 3 months, UCVA was 1.0 for 40 eyes (67.8%), 0.5 for all eyes (100.0%). The UCVA was significantly less than the preoperative best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) (t=-2.84, P=0.006), haze value was (0.27±0.25), no patients had a haze grade up to 2. Mean MRSE was (0.76±0.96) diopter(D) by 3 months. CONCLUSION: The outcomes from this study show that using the SCHWIND ESIRIS aspherical ablation profile for transepithelial PRK has a good visual result. The primary advantage is related to a spherical ablation profile, automatically considers the ablation volume of the stroma and the accurate and smooth removal of the epithelium with PTK. Additional studies are needed to determine long-term outcomes.     

准分子激光角膜切削术治疗高度、超高度近视眼术后角膜上皮下混浊的远期观察

目的:探讨准分子激光角膜切削术(PRK)治疗高度、超高度近视眼术后角膜上皮下雾状混浊(Haze)的发生情况及影响因素。方法:应用日本NIDEKEC-5000型准分子激光仪治疗高度、超高度近视眼143例(245眼),I组:-6.25～-10.00D,167眼;Ⅱ组-10.25～-24.00D,78眼。观察术后不同时期Haze的发生情况,随访7a以上。结果:术后3mo,0.5,1,4,7a,Haze的发生率,I组分别为74.8%,44.3%,24.5%,11.9%,7.8%;Ⅱ组为80.7%,52.1%,33.3%,24.3%,19.2%。7a时I组屈光度-0.57±1.84D,Ⅱ组-5.02±4.26D。有3级Haze7眼,I组2眼,为RK术后者;Ⅱ组5眼,4眼为年龄>40岁者。≥3级Haze者多出现在Ⅱ组,3～6mo达到高峰,持续时间达1a以上。结论:Haze为高度、超高度近视眼PRK术后的主要并发症。预矫屈光度越高,切削越深,则混浊程度越重;部分患者Haze逐渐减轻,角膜组织创伤修复时间长,部分重度Haze日后可能成为永久性瘢痕。     

准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术治疗近视术后眼压分析

目的 探讨非接触眼压计测量准分子汐光屈光性角膜切削术治疗近视术后眼压变化及相关因素。方法 选取－１．５０Ｄ～１２．００Ｄ近视眼３２１例,按预矫正等值球镜屈光度分为２组：１组为－１．５０Ｄ～－６．００Ｄ１８３眼,２组－６．２５Ｄ～－１２．００Ｄ１３８眼,用非接触眼压计测量术前及术后１．６ｍｏ眼压眼压变化与角膜屈光度、厚度变化,年龄、基础眼压等因素的关系。结果 ２组术后１、６０ｍｏ眼压均明显低于术前（     

Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy mode using SCHWIND-ESIRIS excimer laser: initial clinical results

AIM: To evaluate postoperative pain, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and cornea haze value after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) performed with aspherical ablation profile using SCHWIND ESIRIS excimer laser. METHODS: Retrospective case series. Fifty-nice eyes (32 patients) with myopia associated with or without astigmatism underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) followed by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) which performed by Optimized Refractive Keratecomy (ORK)-CAM software based on aspherical ablation profile using SCHWIND ESIRIS excimer laser. Postoperative pain scale was measured on a questionnaire through five levels. Haze was graded by five grades, and UCVA, manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean pain level was (1.37±0.613) (range: 1 to 3), the mean time picking out the soft contact lens was (6.22±1.73) days, at 3 months, UCVA was 1.0 for 40 eyes (67.8%), 0.5 for all eyes (100.0%). The UCVA was significantly less than the preoperative best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) (t=-2.84, P=0.006), haze value was (0.27±0.25), no patients had a haze grade up to 2. Mean MRSE was (0.76±0.96) diopter(D) by 3 months. CONCLUSION: The outcomes from this study show that using the SCHWIND ESIRIS aspherical ablation profile for transepithelial PRK has a good visual result. The primary advantage is related to a spherical ablation profile, automatically considers the ablation volume of the stroma and the accurate and smooth removal of the epithelium with PTK. Additional studies are needed to determine long-term outcomes.     

Evaluation of early results of quick-chop phacoemulsification in the patients with high myopic cataract

AIM:To assess the early surgical outcomes ofquick-chop phacoemulsification technique in patients with high myopia.METHODS: The data of patients with high myopia who underwent quick-chop phacoemulsification were reviewed retrospectively. There were 42 eyes of 31 patients. The axial length was more than 26 mm in all eyes. All eyes underwent quick-chop phacoemulsification surgery with the placement of an intraocular lens (IOL) in the capsular bag. Postoperative visits were performed at 1, 3d; 2wk, 1mo. Early postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), preoperative and postoperative corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT) and postoperative complications were assessed. Paired sample t-test or Wilcoxon tests were used to compare data between preoperative and postoperative data.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative ECD and CCT. Retinal detachment was developed in one eye at postoperative first day. There was an iris prolapsus from side port insicion.CONCLUSION: Quick-chop phacoemulsification technique is a safe surgical technique. However we can encounter some complications in high myopic eyes due to histopathological differences. Both side port and clear corneal tunnel insicion size is crucial for preventing postoperative complications. If any persistent leakage is noticed, suture should be placed.     

准分子激光角膜切削术矫治白内障摘除术后屈光参差

目的　观察准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术 (PRK)矫治白内障摘除术后屈光参差的疗效。方法　对 2 4例 (31只眼 )白内障摘除术后屈光参差患者行PRK ,观察手术前、后患者的视力、屈光度数、屈光参差度数 ,以及手术并发症的情况。随访时间 12 2个月。结果　PRK术后术眼的视力明显提高 ,与术前比较差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ;PRK术后术眼的球镜屈光度数为 (1 12± 0 5 5 )D ,散光度数为 (0 4 9± 0 38)D ,均较术前明显下降 ,差异均有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。PRK术后患者双眼的屈光参差度数由术前的 (3 4 4± 1 0 7)D降至 (0 5 8± 0 31)D ,差异有非常显著意义(P <0 0 1)。术中和术后无严重并发症发生。结论　在临床尚无法进一步提高人工晶状体屈光度数计算结果准确性时 ,PRK可有效矫治白内障摘除术后的屈光参差 ,且具有安全、可靠等优点。     

白内障术后人工晶状体混浊

白内障术后人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)混浊是近来研究的热点之一.亲水性IOL混浊平均发生率不同文献统计差异较大,国内平均发病年龄小于国外.PMMA、硅凝胶和疏水性丙烯酸酯IOL混浊的发生率均较亲水性为低.女性发生率高于男性.糖尿病和青光眼是与IOL混浊关系最大的两种疾病.对比敏感度检查对早期诊断IOL混浊具有重要价值.IOL混浊易被误诊为其他疾病,尤其是后发障,应引起高度重视.IOL置换术是目前治疗IOL混浊的主要手段.手术时机需根据患者视力、年龄等情况具体掌握.置换术后效果明显,严重并发症发生率均较低.二次植入IOL优先选择非亲水性IOL.