磁共振三维时间飞跃序列成像技术对三又神经痛的诊断价值

目的探讨三叉神经痛患者三叉神经血管压迫的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法利用磁共振三维时间飞跃（3D-TOF）序列成像技术及图像后处理技术，对58例三叉神经痛患者的MRI表现及手术结果进行回顾性分析。结果（1）58例患者MRI显示症状侧存在责任血管压迫三叉神经49例，桥小脑角肿瘤3例（均由手术证实）。手术发现责任血管压迫三叉神经54例。（2）根据手术结果，MRI诊断三叉神经痛的敏感度和特异度分别为89．7％（52／58）和90．9％（50／55）。6例阴性患者术中5例发现责任血管压迫，阴性符合率为16．7％（1／6）。结论血管压迫三叉神经出脑干段是三叉神经痛的主要病因，3D-TOF成像能清晰显示三叉神经与周围结构的解剖关系，有助于病因诊断、术前评估及指导术巾对责任血管的来源及其走向的把握。     

磁共振3D-FIESTA和3D-TOF序列诊断血管压迫性三叉神经痛的对比研究

目的：研究磁共振3D-FIESTA和3D-TOF序列对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的临床应用价值及限度,并选取最优化扫描方法。方法：对32例三叉神经痛患者行三叉神经脑池段脑干薄层扫描,均使用三维稳态进动快速成像序列（3D-FIESTA）和三维时间飞跃-扰相位梯度回波（3D-TOF）,采用盲法对两组图像进行分析,对比2种方法显示三叉神经与周围血管的解剖关系和解剖走行的特点。结果：32例三叉神经痛患者中,3例三叉神经瘤,1例听神经瘤,其余28例MRI均诊断为血管压迫性三叉神经痛,22例经手术证实。在2种序列扫描中均显示三叉神经有症状侧存在邻近血管压迫或接触,其中有3例患者无症状侧也存在邻近血管压迫。结论：3D-FIESTA序列信噪比高,显示三叉神经全程效果好;3D-TOF序列显示血管为高信号,可以清楚地显示血管的走行和分支。3D-FIESTA序列和3D-TOF序列各有优势,2种方法组合是目前检查三叉神经痛最佳的影像检查方法,可同时显示三叉神经和责任血管的解剖关系及其解剖走行,为微血管加压术提供术前解剖资料。     

面神经MRI的3D—T1WI序列应用价值探讨

目的：探讨三维薄层T,加权血管成像（3D-T1WI）序列在面神经MRI的应用价值。方法：对33例面肌痉挛者进行术前MRI常规序列（T1WI、T2WI及T1WI—FLAIR）及3D-T1WI序列扫描,分析、比较两种方法对面神经血管压迫的显示结果,并与手术结果对照。结果：在MRI常规序列图像中全部病例面神经及其周围血管均未见显示;在3D-T1WI序列图像中面神经及其周围血管均清晰显示,显示率100％;33例共34侧（1例双侧,32例单侧）面肌痉挛,术前3D-T1WI序列诊断面神经受血管压迫23侧,手术后证实有面神经血管压迫29侧,假阴性6侧,与手术结果的符合率为82．36％。结论：3D-T1WI序列可清晰显示面神经及其周围血管,可提示面肌痉挛的病因是否因血管压迫面神经所致,对手术对象的筛选具有重要的参考意义。     

三叉神经痛与三叉神经及血管关系的MRI表现相关研究

目的:探讨MRI显示血管神经关系对三叉神经痛的诊断价值。方法:对50例三叉神经痛患者行常规MRI扫描和三维时间飞跃-扰相梯度回波(3D-TOF-SPGR)序列薄层扫描,观察双侧三叉神经周围是否存在血管影,并测定双侧三叉神经长轴与邻近血管的距离。结果:常规MRI扫描发现有三叉神经痛症状的一侧血管压迫神经阳性率60%,非疼痛侧阳性率6%;3D-TOF-SPGR序列扫描发现疼痛侧神经血管神经接触或受压变形阳性率84%,非疼痛侧阳性率8%。结论:MRI诊断三叉神经痛具有较高的临床价值。对微小血管的显示方面,3D-TOF-SPGR序列扫描优于常规MRI扫描。     

磁共振三叉神经成像在三叉神经痛诊断中的应用

目的探讨3．0T磁共振三叉神经成像在显示三叉神经血管压迫的价值及对三又神经痛病因诊断的}临床意义。材料与方法收集2011年10月一2012年10月在我院诊断为三叉神经痛患者35例,所有患者均接受3．0T磁共振三叉神经成像检查（包括T2一SPC序列和T1-VIBE序列）。由两位神经系统影像学专家一同分析三叉神经成像中三叉神经和邻近血管的走行关系,并分析其与临床症状相关性,使用SPss16．0软件包进行X2检验,P〈0．05被认为差异具有统计学意义。结朵35例三叉神经痛（均为单侧疼痛）患者中,三叉神经成像显示症状侧三叉神经存在血管压迫或毗邻者31例,与周围血管无关者4例,无症状侧三叉神经存在血管接触或毗邻者6例,与周围血管无关者29例;经统计学分析,三叉神经成像显示周围血管压迫或毗邻与三又神经痛症状存在密切关系,有统计学差异。结论3．0T磁共振三叉神经成像可清晰显示三叉神经血管压迫情况,诊断阳性率高,并且与临床症状具有良好的相关性,对于三叉神经痛病因诊断有重要作用。     

磁共振三维时间飞跃序列成像技术对三叉神经痛的诊断价值

目的 探讨三叉神经痛患者三叉神经血管压迫的MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法 利用磁共振三维时间飞跃(3D-TOF)序列成像技术及图像后处理技术,对58例三叉神经痛患者的MRI表现及手术结果进行回顾性分析.结果 (1)58例患者MRI显示症状侧存在责任血管压迫三叉神经49例,桥小脑角肿瘤3例(均由手术证实).手术发现责任血管压迫三叉神经54例.(2)根据手术结果,MRI诊断三叉神经痛的敏感度和特异度分别为89.7%(52/58)和90.9%(50/55).6例阴性患者术中5例发现责任血管压迫,阴性符合率为16.7%(1/6).结论 血管压迫三叉神经出脑干段是三叉神经痛的主要病因,3D-TOF成像能清晰显示三叉神经与周围结构的解剖关系,有助于病因诊断、术前评估及指导术中对责任血管的来源及其走向的把握.     

磁共振三维薄层序列成像对三叉神经痛病因的诊断价值研究

目的探讨磁共振三维薄层成像对三叉神经痛病因的诊断价值。方法搜集经磁共振三维薄层扫描的34例三叉神经痛患者及其32例对照人员,采用双盲法分别对患者组及其对照组三叉神经毗邻解剖改变作出诊断意见,并进行对照研究。结果①三叉神经痛患者症状侧受血管压迫或密切接触26侧（76．5％）,受肿瘤压迫3侧（8．8％）,正常侧和对照组双侧共与血管密切接触7侧（7．1％）,未见肿瘤压迫。②压迫三叉神经的常见血管为小脑上动脉16侧（47．1％）,小脑前下动脉5侧（14．7％）,无法确定的血管4侧（11．8％）。③血管压迫三叉神经发生三叉神经痛的相对危险度为9．74。④9例手术结果证实,6例三叉神经痛由血管压迫或密切接触引起,3例三叉神经疼由肿瘤压迫引起。结论磁共振平扫及三维薄层成像是目前诊断三叉神经痛病因的最佳影像学方法,主要病因是三叉神经受血管压迫或密切接触。少数为肿瘤压迫引起。     

运用核磁共振SPGR序列研究三叉神经与血管的关系

目的研究MRI SPGR序列对三叉神经痛病因诊断的临床价值。方法采用MRI—TOF序列扫描124例三叉神经痛患者的脑干段,并作多平面重建,评判所见三叉神经周围有无血管及其与血管的关系。结果124例中30例神经与血管无关系,94例为有关系组,有症状组三叉神经所见责任血管与神经夹角（74．5,％73／98）〉450,无症状组（30.1％25/83）结论MRI对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的责任血管的评估非常有价值.     

磁共振3D-FIESTA在原发三叉神经痛中的应用

目的探讨磁共振三维快速平衡稳态进动（3D—FIEsTA）序列对原发三叉神经痛患者神经血管关系的应用价值。方法临床诊断原发三叉神经痛30例,先行SET1wI、T2WI扫描,再行3D—FIEsTA序列成像并多平面重建,观察神经与血管的关系。结果30例患者中,共发现25支责任血管,其中接触阳性17例,爱压阳性8例。结论MR3D—FIEsTA序列是显示神经血管的敏感方法,可作为原发三叉神经痛患者检查的首选序列。     

3D-TOF序列对γ-刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛的定位价值

目的探讨MRI 3D-TOF序列对γ-刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛的的定位价值。方法原发性三叉神经痛患者40例,γ-刀术前常规上头架扫描,SE T1WI轴位薄层扫描,基线平行听眦线;然后进行三维时间飞跃法(3D-TOF)扫描,基底环平行听眦线向前开放15度角;对患侧三叉神经根显示分级、邻近血管的显示情况进行比较分析。结果SE T1WI扫描,患侧三叉神经根全程显示优21例,良8例,一般7例,差4例,邻近血管显示17例;3D-TOF扫描,患侧三叉神经根显示优31,良6例,一般2例,差1例,邻近血管27例得到显示。对三叉神经根显示优良率两法有统计学差异。结论3D-TOF序列结合基底环平行听眦线向前开放15°扫描能较完整显示三叉神经神经根及邻近结构,可作为γ-刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛的常规定位方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.