纳米羟基磷灰石／聚酰胺66复合生物活性人工骨在肢体骨缺损应用87例

目的观察纳米羟基磷灰石／聚酰胺66（n—HA／PA66）复合生物活性人工骨在四肢骨缺损术中填充植骨的安全性和临床疗效。方法对87例四肢骨手术后骨缺损,包括四肢松质骨暴力压缩骨折导致骨缺损和干骺端良性骨肿瘤术后骨缺损的患者,采用n—HA／PA66复合生物活性人工骨填充植骨。术前、术后1周及3、6、12个月分别摄x线片及CT,观察骨缺损的修复生长和植骨融合情况。结果随访6～28个月（平均8个月）,伤VI均甲级愈合,无切口感染、非特异炎症反应和排斥反应;X线片和CT检查示：术后骨缺损区域填充良好,密度较松质骨稍低,材料与周围骨边界清楚;术后1个月,骨缺损区密度逐渐升高,可见植骨周围模糊,有少量新生骨痂形成;术后3个月,骨缺损区密度明显升高,植骨周围间隙开始向中心融合成片,更多新生骨痂影融合;术后6个月,骨缺损区密度明显升高,大量新生骨痂形成。临床骨愈合时间为术后3～7个月,平均3．8个月,愈合率为91．5％。结论纳米羟基磷灰石／聚酰胺66复合生物活性人工骨用于治疗四肢骨缺损,能与植骨区骨生长融合,无不良反应,疗效满意,是一种安全有效的骨缺损植骨填充材料。     

人工骨粉充填修复牙周病骨缺损效果观察

目的：观察人工骨粉充填修复牙周病骨缺损的临床效果。方法：选择牙周病骨缺损38例,随机分为观察组和对照组各19例,对照组翻瓣术后直接采用Bio-Guide生物膜封闭,观察组则采用人工Bio-Oss骨粉充填后覆盖生物膜;均随访9个月,依据龈沟出血指数（SBI）、探诊深度（PD）及X线根尖片测量骨质密度等指标进行综合评估。结果：观察组自术后3个月起SBI、PD显著好转,骨缺损区新骨密度显著增高,在第9个月时骨缺损区骨密度已接近周围正常骨;与对照组比较,差异显著或非常显著（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：人工骨粉充填较生物膜封闭能够更有效促进牙周病骨组织再生。     

同种异体植骨修复取骨区预防骨-髌腱-骨重建前交叉韧带术后膝前痛的探讨

目的探讨关节镜下自体髌腱中1/3重建膝关节前交叉韧带术中供区骨槽骨缺损行同种异体植骨对术后膝前症状的影响. 方法关节镜下取自体髌腱中1/3重建前交叉韧带51例,其中35例行供区同种异体植骨修复骨缺损,16例未特别处理. 结果术后随访6～12个月,比较两组之间供区的压痛、跪地痛以及髌股关节症状.植骨组膝前供区压痛、跪地痛的改善情况明显优于未植骨组,但是对于髌股关节痛并无影响. 结论关节镜下髌腱中1/3重建交叉韧带术中,供区骨槽行同种异体植骨可有效降低供区压痛和跪地痛发生率.     

开放性植骨联合VSD在感染性胫骨骨缺损治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨开放性植骨联合负压封闭引流(VSD)在感染性胫骨骨缺损治疗中的临床疗效。方法 2012年8月~2014年6月安徽省中西医结合医院创伤骨科收治胫骨感染性骨缺损11例,男性7例,女性4例;年龄25~56岁,平均37.5岁;均为GustiloⅢ型胫骨开放性骨折伴软组织不同程度损伤。受伤原因:道路交通伤8例,重物压砸伤3例。患者入院后常规行清创骨折内外固定,出院后定期随访,患肢表现为骨折不愈合,骨坏死形成,创区反复渗液、流脓,胫骨平均缺损长度为(4.5±1.5)cm。先行感染病灶清除术,术后应用负压封闭引流(VSD)覆盖创面,待创面稳定后再行自身髂骨植骨加负压封闭引流(VSD),最后根据植骨创面大小及肉芽生长情况选择植皮或皮瓣修复术闭合创面。结果 11例患者获得随访6~24个月,平均12个月,均获得骨性愈合;术后骨折愈合时间平均6个月(4~12个月)。肉芽组织覆盖植骨区的平均时间为18d(15~35d)。11例中2例植骨区创面直接拉拢缝合,3例予以植皮手术,其余6例中随意筋膜皮瓣修复4例,皮神经营养皮瓣修复2例。所有植皮及皮瓣均成活良好。结论开放性植骨联合负压封闭引流(VSD)在感染性胫骨骨缺损治疗中操作相对简单,可有效控制创面感染,缩短骨折愈合时间,疗效肯定。     

骨牵张术修复犬下颌骨高速投射物伤性骨缺损的实验研究

目的研究应用双焦点骨牵张术Ⅰ期修复下颌骨高速投射物伤性骨缺损的可行性。方法6只犬以多功能生物撞击机的二级撞击机系统致伤，清创后即刻植入钛质内牵张器，7天后开始骨牵引，速率为1mm／d，0．5mm／次，2次／d，连续10天。在牵张结束后的2、4、10周分别行大体观察、X线片检查、苏木精一伊红染色（HE染色）组织学观察，并测量新生骨区骨密度；在固定期10周后使用三点弯法测量牵引区的抗弯强度并进行骨密度测量，均以未致伤侧下颌骨作为对照。结果所有实验动物都顺利完成下颌骨牵张，伤口愈合良好，平均下颌骨牵张长度为（9．62±0．7）mm。放射线观察显示：固定期10周后，牵引区已无明显的透光区，有皮质骨形成。组织学观察：牵张结束后即可见牵张骨端边缘有少量新生骨形成，牵张区充满胶原纤维组织；固定期10周后，牵引区两端骨小梁呈网状，基本平行于牵引长轴，可见形成的成熟皮质骨。三点弯法测试牵引区抗弯强度结果牵张组的常温抗弯强度和骨密度与对照组抗弯强度均无统计学差异。结论骨牵引术Ⅰ期修复犬下颌骨高速投射物伤骨缺损是可行的，新骨形成依靠膜内成骨和软骨成骨两种方式，新生骨质经放射线、组织学观察与正常骨质类似，抗弯强度好。     

自体肋骨移植修复下颌骨缺损

下颌骨可因多种原因造成缺损,导致面部畸形、咬合错乱、咀嚼功能障碍等。修复缺损的方法较多,有自体肋骨或髂骨移植、同种异体骨移植、病变下颌骨切除冷冻或煮沸后再植、钛合金等代用骨植入以及羟基磷灰石等人工生物材料移植。但迄今为止,因自体肋骨游离移植在成骨性、骨缺损弯度与长度的适应性和骨供区充分,制取简便易行,术后供区畸形小,病人易接受等优点,仍不失为修复下颌骨缺损较为理想的方法。现将我科完成的10例报告总结如下。1　材料和方法1.1　临床资料:本组男6例,女4例;手术年龄16～43岁,平均30岁。其中造釉细胞瘤7例,角化囊肿3…     

复合骨形态发生蛋白-2的人工骨与带血供组织修复羊大段骨缺损

目的研究组织工程化人工骨结合不同自体带血供组织(长段自体尺骨或屈指长肌)移植修复大段骨缺损的效果。方法手术造成绵羊桡骨30mm骨缺损,A组植入[聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)-磷酸三钙(TCP)-骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)]人工骨及带血运的长段尺骨,B组植入PLGA-TCP-BMP-2人工骨及带血运的屈指长肌肌腹,C组仅植入PLGA-TCP-BMP-2人工骨,D组不植入任何材料。4组均以钢板固定桡骨缺损区。术后24周行手术部位X线摄片,24周处死动物行组织学检查。结果术后24周时,X线检查示A、B组桡骨缺损处完全成骨修复,皮质骨与髓腔的轮廓较为清晰;C组亦能完全修复,但新生骨密度及髓腔轮廓清晰度均不如A、B组;D组无有效骨痂形成。组织学检查结果显示,A组新生骨完全修复骨缺损区;B组骨痂为较成熟的板层骨,骨陷窝较多;C组新生板层骨及骨陷窝排列较为紊乱;D组无骨连接表现。A、B、C组均未见人工骨材料残留。结论 PLGA-TCP-BMP-2人工骨结合带血供的长段自体骨或自体肌肉移植能够很好地修复绵羊桡骨30mm的骨缺损。     

生物人工材料人工骨修复下肢骨缺损的临床观察

目的 观察生物人工材料(biological artificial material,BAM)人工骨修复下肢负重骨骨缺损的临床效果. 方法 选择2008年1月- 2010年12月收治的采用BAM人工骨进行手术植入修复骨缺损的32例下肢负重骨骨缺损患者,年龄21 ～ 77岁,平均32.5岁.骨缺损体积为1.0 cm×2.0 cm×2.5 cm～3.0 cm×3.5 cm ×5.0 cm,平均15.4 cm3.骨缺损病因主要为粉碎性骨折、骨囊肿、骨纤维结构不良、慢性骨髓炎等.术后即刻及术后1,2,3,5,7,9,12,18个月进行随访,观察术后全身及切口局部反应、血钙／磷改变情况、骨缺损修复及患肢负重功能恢复情况. 结果 所有患者均得到有效随访9 ～18个月,平均10.5个月.术后至末次随访所有患者均无局部或全身移植物排斥反应.随访X线片示术后3个月BAM人工骨植入区与骨缺损周围的骨组织之间界限模糊,有新生骨形成;术后6个月BAM人工骨植入区明显有新骨长入,人工骨材料与骨组织融为一体,骨缺损已基本修复.术后患肢完全负重时间为术后2.5 ～4个月,平均3.2个月. 结论 BAM人工骨具有良好的生物相容性和骨诱导作用,其内结构可以保持一定的刚度和强度,可用于下肢负重骨骨缺损的修复.     

膜诱导技术治疗成人长骨大段骨缺损疗效分析

目的探讨膜诱导技术治疗成人长骨大段骨缺损的临床疗效。方法自2012年1月至2015年1月,沈阳军区总医院利用膜诱导技术治疗成人长骨大段骨缺损患者31例。其中,17例初始损伤为开放粉碎性骨折合并感染,13例为慢性骨髓炎,1例为大段骨囊肿。Ⅰ期彻底清创后骨缺损长度为6.7~12.1 cm,平均(7.5±1.2)cm,在骨缺损处填塞抗生素骨水泥诱导生成生物膜,并修复缺损的皮瓣。Ⅱ期在膜内植自体髂骨,修复骨缺损,观察膜诱导技术治疗成人长骨大段骨缺损临床疗效。术后末次随访采用中文版SF-36量表评定手术疗效。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间11~34个月,平均(28.5±3.0)个月。其中,28例患者在5~7个月获得Ⅰ期骨愈合,平均(5.3±1.7)个月;2例Ⅱ期术后发生感染,再次行膜诱导技术治疗,达到临床骨愈合;1例出现踝关节僵直;其余未出现术后并发症。末次随访SF-36量表各项评分均较术前改善(P<0.05)。结论膜诱导技术治疗胫骨大段骨缺损可取得良好疗效。     

开放性颅骨缺损急诊术中一次完成自体修复的临床研究

目的 研究并客观评价开放性颅骨缺损急诊术中一次完成自体修复的可行性。方法 对17例开放性颅骨骨折病例（伤后24小时内）常规清创处理，同时将创伤区粉碎之颅骨用骨钳咬碎成3－5mm颗粒，与制备好的脱钙人牙基质2－6g均匀混合，平铺在颅骨缺损区的硬脑膜上，覆盖头皮，分层缝合。结果 全部病例骨缺损区于术后1个月逐渐骨化，触之变硬，与周围骨窗融合良好。X线片见骨窗区骨碎粒逐渐融合，缺损区普遍密度增高。结论 对开放性颅骨缺损在急诊清创的同时，使用脱钙人牙基质诱导缺损颅骨自体修复是对传统治疗方法的一种突破。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.