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1.
目的 研究组分配伍四逆汤对大鼠膜性肾病的治疗作用及机制。方法 将45只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组和组分配伍四逆汤组,除对照组外,其余各组尾iv兔抗大鼠Fx1A抗血清制备大鼠膜性肾病模型。造模成功后,组分配伍四逆汤组大鼠ig 9.6 g/kg组分配伍四逆汤,模型组和对照组ig等量蒸馏水,连续给药12周。试剂盒法检测大鼠血清中肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)以及白蛋白(Alb)含量;取肾脏检测肾指数,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肾组织的病理情况;ELISA法检测肾组织中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)以及IV型胶原(Col-IV)含量;采用Western blotting法检测肾脏中ERK1/2和胞浆型磷脂酶(cPLA2)蛋白磷酸化水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组血清中Scr、BUN水平以及肾指数明显升高(P<0.05、0.01),血清Alb水平明显降低(P<0.01),肾组织中TGF-β1、FN和Col-IV含量以及ERK1/2、cPLA2磷酸化蛋白表达均显著升高(P<0.05、0.01);与模型组比较,组分配伍四逆汤显著降低血清中Scr、BUN水平以及肾指数(P<0.05、0.01),升高血清中Alb水平(P<0.01),降低肾组织中TGF-β1、FN、Col-IV含量,减少肾组织中ERK1/2和cPLA2磷酸化蛋白表达(P<0.05、0.01);HE染色结果显示,组分配伍四逆汤可以改善膜性肾病大鼠肾脏的病理变化。结论 组分配伍四逆汤对膜性肾病大鼠发挥明显治疗作用,其作用机制可能与抑制ERK/cPLA2信号通路激活相关。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨甲状腺激素(TH)替代治疗对冠心病合并甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)患者围术期TH及心肺功能的影响。方法 选择2009年2月至2017年2月解放军联勤保障部队第988医院胸心外科收治的冠心病合并甲减患者27例(甲减组)、甲状腺功能正常的冠心病患者27例(对照组)。两组患者均在体外循环(CPB)下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG),并给予常规术前准备和术后治疗。甲减组另给予口服左旋甲状腺素钠片(优甲乐),以维持手术前后血清TH和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平正常。分别于机械通气后10分钟(t1)及CPB后4小时(t2)、12小时(t3)、1天(t4)、3天(t5)、5天(t6)测定两组患者血清TH[包括三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)]和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平及体循环阻力指数(SVRI)、肺循环阻力指数(PVRI)、左心室每搏做功指数(LVSWI)、氧合指数(OI)和呼吸指数(RI),并在t1~4使用呼吸机监测患者气道平台压(Pplat)、吸气阻力(Ri)、肺静态顺应性(CLst)、生理死腔与潮气量比值(VD/VT),统计其达到撤机指征的时间。结果 两组患者均痊愈出院,未发生围术期严重并发症。①不同时间点观察指标(TSH除外)变化不同,且观察指标(TSH除外)在各时间点与组别之间有交互作用,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②甲减组FT3、FT4、T3、T4在t2~6,SVRI、PVRI、RI、Pplat、Ri、VD/VT在t2~4均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LVSWI在t2~5,OI、CLst在t2~4均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 围术期行TH替代治疗能使冠心病合并甲减患者在CPB后维持血清TH水平正常,但仅能有限促进心肺功能损害的恢复。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探究荜铃胃痛颗粒对乙醇诱导胃溃疡模型大鼠的保护作用。方法 SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及荜铃胃痛颗粒低、中、高剂量(0.79、1.58、3.16 g·kg-1)组和西咪替丁(42.00 mg·kg-1,阳性药)组,每组8只;各组均按剂量预给药8 d,对照组和模型组大鼠ig等体积0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)溶液。末次给药30 min后,除对照组外,其余大鼠ig给予1 mL无水乙醇造模,1 h后牺牲动物取材;展开胃黏膜面拍照,测量溃疡面积,取部分胃组织进行HE染色;检测血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,检测胃组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠胃溃疡面积和胃黏膜病理评分显著升高(P<0.001),大鼠血清中IL-1β(P<0.01)和TNF-α(P<0.05)水平均显著升高,大鼠胃组织MPO活力显著升高(P<0.001),大鼠胃组织中PGE2水平显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠胃溃疡面积和胃黏膜病理评分显著降低(P<0.05、0.01、0.001)。与模型组比较,荜铃胃痛颗粒组大鼠血清IL-1β和TNF-α水平显著降低(P<0.05、0.001),胃组织中MPO活力显著降低(P<0.01、0.001),血清SOD活力显著升高(P<0.05);胃组织PGE2水平显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 荜铃胃痛颗粒可通过抑制炎症因子分泌、缓解机体氧化应激、保护胃黏膜等发挥对胃溃疡模型大鼠的保护作用。  相似文献   

4.
目的 比较二倍体黄芩、四倍体黄芩、甘肃黄芩的解热作用。方法 将Wistar大鼠110只,随机分为11组。药物组分别给予不同来源的黄芩生品、酒炙品水煎液灌胃,连续给药2 d。第3天,除空白组外,其余各组大鼠腹腔注射脂多糖100 μg·kg-1造模。2 h后,继续灌胃1次。造模1,2,3,4 h分别检测大鼠肛温,动物处死后采血,检测大鼠血清中IL-1β、PGE2含量。结果 与模型组比较,黄芩各药物组大鼠在造模2,3,4 h时ΔT显著低于模型组,且大鼠血清中IL-1β、PGE2含量显著降低(P<0.05);与道地产区河北产黄芩组比较,甘肃黄芩Ⅰ组(生品)、Ⅱ组(酒炙品)大鼠2,3,4 h时ΔT均显著高于河北产黄芩组(P<0.05);同时,二倍体黄芩、四倍体黄芩、甘肃黄芩的Ⅰ组(生品)、Ⅱ组(酒炙品)大鼠血清中IL-1β、PGE2含量均显著高于河北产黄芩Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论 二倍体黄芩、四倍体黄芩、甘肃黄芩均有解热作用,但甘肃黄芩解热作用与道地黄芩有一定差异。不同来源黄芩生品与酒炙品对发热大鼠的解热作用无显著性影响。  相似文献   

5.
目的 研究6,7-二乙酰黄芩素对硫代乙酰胺致大鼠急性肝性脑病模型的防治作用及机制。方法 Wistar雄性大鼠60只,随机分为对照组、模型组、乳果糖(阳性药,6 g/kg)组和6,7-二乙酰黄芩素低、中、高剂量(6.25、12.50、25.00 mg/kg)组,每天ig给药1次,连续给药7 d。第5天给药结束后,除对照组外,采用硫代乙酰胺(300 mg/kg)连续ip 2 d建立大鼠肝性脑病模型。观察大鼠状态,考察大鼠肝性脑病评分与死亡率;测定各组大鼠血氨、结肠pH值、血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平;采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察大鼠肝组织病理学变化;采用ELISA试剂盒法检测大鼠脑组织中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、谷氨酸(Glu)、血浆中的5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)的含量;采用Western Blotting试验测定脑组织中GABA-α1蛋白的表达。结果 造模48 h后,与模型组比较,6,7-二乙酰黄芩素高剂量组大鼠体质量显著升高(P<0.05),肝性脑病评分显著降低(P<0.05);各剂量组死亡率均降低;中、高剂量组血清ALT、AST、ALP和TBIL水平均显著降低(P<0.05);低、中、高剂量组血氨水平显著降低(P<0.05、0.01);中、高剂量组结肠pH显著降低(P<0.05、0.01);中、高剂量组大鼠肝脏组织病理学损伤明显改善;各剂量组脑组织中GABA水平显著降低(P<0.01);中、高剂量组血浆中5-HT水平显著降低(P<0.01);高剂量组血浆中NE水平显著降低(P<0.01);高剂量组脑组织中Glu含量显著增加(P<0.01);高剂量脑组织中GABA-α1蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 6,7-二乙酰黄芩素对肝脏具有保护作用,对急性肝性脑病具有防治作用,其机制可能与降低血氨、降低结肠pH、调节神经递质水平、抑制相关神经递质受体的表达有关。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨烧伤脓毒血症患者血清降钙素原(PCT)和血浆凝溶胶蛋白(GSN)水平的变化及意义。方法 选取2008年2月至2013年3月恩施州中心医院烧伤整形科118例严重烧伤患者,分为烧伤脓毒血症组(n=51)和烧伤非脓毒血症组(n=67),选取健康者45例作为对照组,烧伤脓毒血症组患者根据预后,分为死亡组(n=18)和存活组(n=33)。分别于患者入院当天(T1)、第2天(T2)、第4天(T3)、第7天(T4)和第14天(T5),以及对照组体检当天,利用全自动免疫分析仪检测PCT水平,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)检测血浆中GSN含量,利用logistic回归分析血清PCT和血浆GSN水平对患者预后的影响。结果 烧伤脓毒血症组患者T1-4时血清PCT水平均高于烧伤非脓毒血症组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);烧伤脓毒血症组患者T2-5时血浆GSN水平均低于烧伤非脓毒血症组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);烧伤脓毒血症组患者T1-5时血浆GSN水平均低于烧伤非脓毒血症组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);死亡组患者T1-5时血清PCT水平均高于存活组,而T1-5时血浆GSN水平均低于存活组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);Spearman相关分析显示,烧伤脓毒血症组患者血清PCT总体水平与患者预后呈正相关(r=0.437,P < 0.05),而血浆GSN水平与患者预后呈负相关(r=-0.518,P < 0.05);logistic回归分析显示,血清PCT总体平均值和血浆GSN总体平均值均是影响患者预后的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。结论 烧伤脓毒血症患者血清PCT和血浆GSN水平随病情变化而动态改变,PCT总体水平与患者预后呈正相关,而血浆GSN水平与患者预后呈负相关,可作为早期预测患者病情及预后的指标。  相似文献   

7.
王鸣燕  魏琳萍 《安徽医药》2016,37(10):1262-1264
目的 探讨磷酸肌酸钠(CPS)联合甲状腺素对甲状腺功能减退性心脏病(HHD)的临床有效性。方法 选择2014年4月至2015年3月在襄阳市襄州区人民医院接受治疗的HHD患者120例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予口服甲状腺素治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予CPS治疗。测量并比较两组患者治疗前后促甲状腺素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)水平变化及左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)和心率(HR)变化,并评价两组患者临床疗效。结果 两组患者治疗前TSH、FT4、FT3、LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD和HR相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组FT4、FT3高于对照组(P<0.05),TSH低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD和HR分别为(54.2±3.9)%、(47.2±4.1)mm、(37.3±6.4)mm和(66.5±5.8)次/min,对照组为(43.8±5.4)%、(52.6±3.5)mm、(42.5±5.6)mm和(71.8±6.4)次/min,观察组LVEF大于对照组(P<0.05),LVEDD、LVESD和HR低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组有效率为85.0%(51/60),对照组为73.3%(44/60),观察组有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 CPS联合甲状腺素治疗HHD,能改善患者甲状腺功能及心功能,疗效显著,是安全有效的治疗方法。  相似文献   

8.
目的 调查甲状腺功能减退症(以下简称甲减)患者转氨酶情况,并对甲减患者的肝功能转氨酶数据进行分析。方法 纳入2017年9月至2019年8月阜阳市人民医院收治的68例甲减患者(观察组)作为研究对象,选取同期体检健康者68例作为对照组。检测两组研究对象转氨酶[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)]及促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平,比较不同TSH水平甲减患者转氨酶水平的差异,分析甲减患者TSH与转氨酶水平的相关性。结果 ①观察组TSH、ALT、AST水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②4.2 μIU/LP<0.05),TSH 50~100 μIU/L与TSH>100 μIU/L甲减患者ALT、AST水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③68例甲减患者中17例ALT升高,异常率25.00%;13例AST升高,异常率19.12%。ALT异常患者中男性占比高于ALT正常患者(P<0.05),AST异常患者年龄小于AST正常患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);AST异常、正常者间性别、年龄差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。④Pearson相关分析显示:TSH与ALT、AST均呈正相关(r=0.259、0.345,P<0.05)。结论 部分甲减患者出现转氨酶水平升高,男性居多,且与TSH水平相关。  相似文献   

9.
目的 研究当归与赤芍配伍前后及配伍方式对热毒血瘀证模型大鼠的血液流变学及血清IL-6、TNF-α的影响。方法 140只SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为14组,即空白组,模型组,当归单煎液高、中、低剂量组,赤芍单煎液高、中、低剂量组,当归-赤芍合煎液高、中、低剂量组,当归-赤芍单煎合并液高、中、低剂量组。给药组连续灌胃给药14 d,第12天采用角叉菜胶(carrageenan,Ca)与脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)联合制备大鼠热毒血瘀证模型,检测其血液流变学(全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞比容、红细胞变形指数、红细胞聚集指数)、凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间以及炎性因子(IL-6、TNF-α)。结果 与模型组相比,当归-赤芍合煎液高、中剂量组可显著降低各切变率下的全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞比容以及红细胞变形指数(P<0.05或P<0.01),可显著增加凝血酶原时间及活化部分凝血活酶时间(P<0.01),同时显著降低IL-6水平与TNF-α水平(P<0.01)。结论 当归-赤芍药对以合煎的方式配伍,能够明显改善Ca-LPS诱导的热毒血瘀证大鼠的血液流变学、凝血功能的异常变化,同时可调节炎性因子水平的异常升高,效果优于单味药。  相似文献   

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目的 通过观察元胡止痛滴丸及其组分对缩宫素痛经模型的影响,并与临床上同类药月月舒对比,探讨其配伍的合理性及比较优势。方法 通过ip缩宫素诱发大鼠痛经模型,观察元胡止痛滴丸及其组成成分延胡索浸膏、白芷浸膏对扭体反应潜伏期及次数的影响;ELISA法检测与疼痛相关血浆中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)、前列腺素F(PGF)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平,脑组织中多巴胺(DA)水平;金氏概率相加法计算Q值,根据Q值是否大于1判断元胡止痛滴丸的效果是否优于组分单用。结果 与模型组比较,元胡止痛滴丸、延胡索浸膏和白芷浸膏能够显著减少扭体次数、延长扭体反应的潜伏期(P<0.05、0.01、0.001),Q值均大于1;与月月舒比较,元胡止痛滴丸作用显著增强(P<0.05、0.01)。与模型组比较,元胡止痛滴丸和延胡索浸膏可显著升高β-EP、PGE2水平(P<0.05、0.01),显著降低5-HT、NA、DA、PGF水平及PGF/PGE2比值(P<0.05、0.01、0.001);白芷浸膏可显著降低5-HT、DA水平(P<0.05、0.01);β-EP、NA、DA和PGE2的Q值均大于1;与月月舒比较,元胡止痛滴丸可显著升高β-EP、PGE2水平,显著降低5-HT、PGF水平及PGF/PGE2比值(P<0.05、0.01)。结论 元胡止痛滴丸对痛经模型具有显著的镇痛作用,作用强度优于组分单用,配伍具有合理性,与月月舒比较具有起效早、作用强的特点。  相似文献   

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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
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This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

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Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.  相似文献   

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Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.  相似文献   

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In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

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