早期三阴乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗及预后相关因素分析

目的 分析研究早期（T_1~2N₁M₀）三阴乳腺癌患者改良根治术后放疗及预后危险因素,为该分期三阴乳腺癌患者临床治疗方案的选择提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2011年10月大连医科大学附属二院收治的术后病理分期为T_1~2N₁M₀三阴乳腺癌患者共87例。根据术后是否放疗将患者分为放疗组（53例）,未疗组（34例）。Kaplan-Meier单因素分析术后放疗、年龄、月经、组织学分级、脉管癌栓、T分期、淋巴结阳性数及转移率、手术方式、Ki-67指数等对患者5年局部区域复发率（LRR）、远处转移（DM）率、无复发生存（RFS）率、总生存（OS）率预后的影响。结果 术后放疗组与未疗组5年LRR（9.4%和15.2%）和RFS（81.3%和66.7%）比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=8.073、12.789,P<0.05）,而DM及OS两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,放疗、淋巴结转移率、年龄、Ki-67指数是影响5年LRR的危险因素（P<0.05）;脉管癌栓、淋巴结转移率是影响 5 年 DM 的危险因素（P<0.05）;放疗、脉管癌栓、淋巴结转移率和Ki-67指数是影响5年 RFS 的危险因素（P<0.05）。多因素分析结果显示,放疗和淋巴结转移率是影响5年LRR的独立危险因素（HR=0.279、5.277 P<0.05）;脉管癌栓是影响5年DM的独立危险因素（HR=2.313, P<0.05）;放疗、脉管癌栓和淋巴结转移率是影响5年RFS 独立危险因素（HR=0.378、2.35、5.084, P<0.05）。结论 术后放疗可以改善T_1~2N₁M₀期三阴乳腺癌患者的局部控制率,但对5年的DM和OS影响不大。术后放疗、淋巴结转移率、脉管癌栓、Ki-67指数、年龄与早期三阴乳腺癌预后相关。     

术后辅助放疗对N2期非小细胞肺癌患者预后的影响

目的 探讨术后辅助放疗对N₂期行肺癌根治术的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者预后的影响。方法 将美国SEER数据库2004-2016年间收录的接受肺癌根治术联合化疗或术后辅助放化疗的N₂期1 208例非小细胞肺癌患者资料纳入研究,其中接受肺癌根治术联合化疗的有627例（手术+化疗组）,接受肺癌根治术联合放化疗的有581例（手术+放化疗组）。分析并比较术后辅助放疗对N₂期行肺癌根治术的非小细胞肺癌患者预后的影响,同时采用1：1倾向性匹配方法分析两组患者预后情况。结果 纳入研究的两组N₂期非小细胞肺癌患者中,手术+放化疗组患者中位生存期为51月,3年、5年肿瘤特异性生存分别为58.3%、44.9%;手术+化疗组患者中位生存期为50月,3年、5年肿瘤特异性生存分别为59.9%、46.5%;两组患者的肿瘤特异性生存差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;亚组分析发现,T₁期患者中手术+放化疗组的特异性生存明显差于手术+化疗组（χ²=5.085,P<0.05）;多因素Cox回归分析提示,年龄、性别、G分期、T分期及淋巴结转移数目是影响N₂期非小细胞肺癌患者肿瘤特异性生存的重要因素（Wald=15.236、7.039、4.841、10.155、11.192,P<0.05）。倾向性评分匹配两组N₂期非小细胞肺癌患者后分析发现,手术+放化疗组与手术+化疗组的肿瘤特异性生存差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而T₁期NSCLC患者中手术+放化疗组的特异性生存明显差于手术+化疗组（χ²=5.364,P<0.05）,而T_3~4期的亚组手术+放化疗组的肿瘤特异性生存明显优于手术+化疗组（χ²=4.486,P<0.05）;针对病理亚组倾向性匹配后发现,非腺癌亚组中手术+放化疗组的肿瘤特异性生存亦明显优于手术+化疗组（χ²=6.279,P<0.05）。多因素Cox回归分析也提示,术后放疗的加入是影响N₂期肺非腺癌患者肿瘤特异性生存的重要因素（Wald=7.300,P<0.05）;但肺腺癌亚组患者倾向性匹配后手术+放化疗组与手术+化疗组肿瘤特异性生存之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 术后辅助放疗能够改善T_3~4期或者非腺癌N₂期非小细胞肺癌患者的预后。而对T₁期术后辅助放疗选择仍需谨慎。     

新辅助放疗与辅助放疗对T3N0期食管癌患者疗效的对比

目的 通过对美国SEER数据库2004-2014年收录的术前或术后行放疗的食管癌根治术患者资料,探讨新辅助放疗与辅助放疗对T₃N₀期行食管癌根治术患者疗效。方法 将美国SEER数据库2004-2014年间收录的接受术前放疗或术后放疗的行食管癌根治术的555例T₃N₀期患者资料纳入研究,其中接受新辅助放疗的有486例（新辅助放疗组）,接受术后辅助放疗的有69例（辅助放疗组）。分析并比较新辅助放疗与辅助放疗对T₃N₀期行食管癌根治术患者疗效,同时采用1：1倾向性匹配方法分析两组患者的疗效。结果 新辅助放疗组肿瘤特异性生存明显优于辅助放疗组（χ²=6.030,P<0.05）;多因素COX回归分析提示年龄、性别及放疗顺序是影响预后的重要因素（Wald=10.099、10.562、4.331,P<0.05）,其中辅助放疗组肿瘤特异性死亡风险及总体死亡风险分别是新辅助放疗组的1.649（95%CI 1.173~2.316,P=0.004）倍、1.402（95%CI 1.020~1.928,P=0.037）倍。1：1倾向性匹配后分析提示,新辅助放疗组肿瘤特异性生存率明显优于辅助放疗组（χ²=6.293,P<0.05）。结论 与术后辅助放疗相比,新辅助放疗能够改善T₃N₀期食管癌患者的预后,具有重要的临床价值。     

动态增强磁共振参数与局部晚期鼻咽癌患者预后相关性的前瞻性长期随访研究

目的 探讨动态增强磁共振（DCE-MRI）半定量参数与局部晚期鼻咽癌患者长期预后的关系,为局部晚期鼻咽癌患者预后寻找无创性的预测指标。方法 收集贵州省肿瘤医院2011年1月至2012年1月一项前瞻性临床研究的局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的临床信息,国际抗癌联盟（UICC）2010分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ_A、Ⅳ_B期,先行多西紫杉醇+顺铂+5''-氟尿嘧啶（TPF）方案时辰诱导化疗3周期;后予调强放疗（IMRT）同期紫杉醇化疗2周期。诱导化疗前均行DCE-MRI检查,并获取DCE-MRI相关半定量参数,将DCE-MRI相关半定量参数与同期放化疗结束的鼻咽病灶近期疗效进行相关性分析。结果 77例患者中,71例完成治疗并有长期完整随访信息,中位随访77个月（9~86个月）,3年、5年OS分别为80.2%、67.6%;3年、5年PFS分别为73.2%、60.5%;同步放化疗结束鼻咽病灶近期疗效评价完全缓解（CR）组与部分缓解（PR）组之间的造影剂到达组织时间的差异具有统计学意义（t=0.537,P<0.05）;单因素生存分析发现,造影剂到达组织时间短组的OS（χ²=3.982,P<0.05）和PFS（χ²=4.019,P<0.05）均高于造影剂到达组织时间长组;年龄≥ 45岁的患者OS（χ²=7.593,P<0.05）和PFS（χ²=5.624,P<0.05）明显低于年龄<45岁的患者。Cox多因素回归模型发现,临床分期晚（Ⅳ_A、Ⅳ_B期）（P=0.048）、年龄≥ 45岁（P=0.031）是鼻咽癌患者OS的独立不良预后因素;而造影剂到达组织时间长（P=0.018）、年龄≥ 45岁（P=0.004）、N（2~3期）分期晚（P=0.032）和强化峰值<3 000（P=0.005）则为鼻咽癌患者PFS的独立不良预后因素。结论 DCE-MRI参数造影剂到达组织时间可能作为局部晚期鼻咽癌患者预后可靠的影像学指标。     

局部晚期直肠癌术前放疗的临床和影像学预后因素研究

目的 分析局部晚期直肠癌术前放疗后影响预后的临床和影像学因素的研究。方法 回顾性分析2004年6月至2015年9月收治的符合入组标准的106例局部晚期并接受术前放疗的直肠癌患者。术后病理切片根据Mandard评分标准将肿瘤消退分级（TRG）分为肿瘤消退明显组（TRG1+2）和肿瘤消退不明显组（TRG3+4+5）。同时,利用磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）技术测量放疗后肿瘤表观弥散系数（ADC）,比较肿瘤ADC值与TRG之间的关系。结果 单因素分析中,年龄、化疗、pT分期、pN分期、分化程度、脉管癌栓以及TRG可能对总生存率（OS）有影响（χ²=3.945~8.110,P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,分化程度和TRG是OS的独立预后因素（χ²=5.221、6.563,P<0.05）。长程放疗组和短程放疗组之间的OS,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肿瘤消退明显组（TRG1+2）和肿瘤消退不明显组（TRG3+4+5）的5年OS分别为91.2%和67.4%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=8.110,P<0.05）。术前放疗方式、术前化疗、病理类型、分化程度、大体类型、脉管癌栓和放疗后肿瘤ADC值对TRG有影响（χ²=4.189~18.139,P<0.05）。利用ROC曲线找出放疗后肿瘤ADC值的最佳临界点1.7×10^-3 mm²/s,放疗后肿瘤ADC值预测TRG1+2的准确性为70%。结论 Mandard TRG可预测局部晚期直肠癌患者术前放疗后的疗效。术前长程放疗和术前短程放疗之间的OS无明显差异。放疗后肿瘤ADC值可能可以预测局部晚期直肠癌的肿瘤消退情况。     

早期结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤不同治疗模式的探索:一项基于SEER数据库的回顾性对照研究

目的 基于美国监测、流行病学及预后 （Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results,SEER） 数据库的资料,于西方早期结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤 （extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,ENKTCL） 患者人群中探讨不同治疗模式的有效性。方法 收集2000—2016年SEER数据库登记、病理确诊的448例早期ENKTCL患者的临床病理及生存资料,其中分别有108例患者接受单纯化疗,100例患者接受单纯放疗,240例患者接受放化疗联合治疗。通过单因素、多因素分析及倾向评分匹配方法比较不同治疗模式对患者生存的影响。结果 总体人群的中位总生存（OS）时间为59.0个月,5年OS率为49.0%。不同治疗模式对OS有显著影响,接受放化疗综合治疗、单纯放疗、单纯化疗患者的5年OS率分别是62.1%、41.5%和28.5% （χ²=41.727,P<0.001）。与单纯化疗相比,接受放疗±化疗患者的5年OS率显著提高 （55.9% vs. 28.5%,χ²=10.823,P<0.001）。与单纯放疗相比,化疗的加入进一步提高早期ENKTCL患者5年OS率,降低了死亡风险 （HR 0.578,95% CI：0.413~0.808,P=0.001）。通过倾向评分匹配方法,均衡单纯放疗组和放化疗综合治疗组的基线预后因素后,对比单纯放疗,放化疗综合治疗仍证实可带来生存获益 （5年OS率,61.3% vs. 40.5%,HR 0.572,95% CI：0.369~0.885,P=0.012）。结论 基于SEER数据库的分析结果证实,对比单纯放疗或单纯化疗,放化疗综合治疗是早期ENKTCL患者最佳的治疗模式。     

老年食管癌患者单纯放疗和同步放化疗的临床研究

目的 分析老年食管癌患者单纯放疗和同步放化疗的预后影响因素及治疗不良反应。方法 回顾性分析接受根治性放疗≥70岁食管鳞癌患者479例。其中单纯放疗359例,同步放化疗120例。采用倾向评分匹配法（PSM）平衡单纯放疗组及同步放化疗组基本资料,分析匹配后两组总生存率（OS）和预后相关因素,对比治疗不良反应。结果 匹配后单纯放疗组1、3、5年OS率分别为77.4%、40.1%、22.7%,中位OS时间26.9个月（95%CI：18.7~35.2个月）,同步放化疗组1、3、5年OS率分别为79.5%、47.6%、35.7%,中位OS时间35.6个月（95%CI：23.2~48.0个月）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。亚组分析显示,匹配后单纯放疗组70~75岁年龄段患者1、3、5年OS率分别为79.4%、41.0%、26.2%,中位OS时间29.2个月（95%CI：12.5~45.9个月）;同步放化疗组70~75岁年龄段患者1、3、5年OS率分别为86.5%、56.1%、47.6%,中位OS时间48.9个月（95%CI：17.6~70.3个月）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.746,P<0.05）。单因素分析显示,患者年龄、T分期、N分期、临床分期、近期疗效、PS评分是影响OS的因素（χ²=6.714~42.900,P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,临床分期和近期疗效是影响OS的独立因素（χ²=5.007~9.181,P<0.05）。同步放化疗组≥75岁患者非肿瘤死亡风险高于单纯放疗组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.630,P<0.05）。放化疗组严重（≥3级）骨髓抑制、放射性食管炎和放射性肺炎发生率均高于单纯放疗组（χ²=4.701~28.318,P<0.05）。结论 同步放化疗较单纯放疗可改善70~75岁老年食管癌的预后。     

化疗联合术后放疗对宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌生存的影响——基于SEER数据库的回顾性研究

目的 探讨化疗联合术后辅助放疗对早期和中晚期（Ⅰ~Ⅱ_A和Ⅱ_B~Ⅳ）宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌（SCNEC）患者生存的影响及其预后因素分析。方法 首先利用SEER数据库搜索并筛选出2004—2016年接受化疗的SCNEC患者269例,然后根据治疗方案分为4组：化疗+术后放疗组、化疗+手术组、化疗+放疗组及单纯化疗组,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线分别比较Ⅰ~Ⅱ_A期和Ⅱ_B~Ⅳ期患者在4种治疗方案下的总生存（OS）情况,采用Log-rank检验及Cox回归分析评估不同临床病理因素对预后的影响。结果 对于Ⅰ~Ⅱ_A期患者,化疗+术后放疗组、化疗+手术组、化疗+放疗组及单纯化疗组的5年OS率分别为39.9%、71.7%、24.5%和0,与化疗+术后放疗组相比,化疗+手术组的预后更好（HR 0.403,95% CI：0.112~1.112,P=0.047）。对于Ⅱ_B~Ⅳ期患者,化疗+术后放疗组、化疗+手术组、化疗+放疗组及单纯化疗组的5年OS率分别为35.2%、24.3%、17.7%和0,其中化疗+手术组、化疗+放疗组及单纯化疗组（HR 1.726,95% CI：0.944~3.157;HR 1.605,95% CI：0.968~2.661;HR 5.632,95% CI：3.143~10.093,P<0.05）的预后差于化疗+术后放疗组。另外,与年龄≤60岁、肿瘤直径<4 cm的情况相比,年龄>60岁（HR 7.868,95% CI：3.032~20.415;HR 1.465,95% CI：1.006~2.435,P<0.05）、肿瘤直径≥4 cm（HR 2.576,95% CI：1.056~6.287;HR 1.965,95% CI：1.026~3.766,P<0.05）的Ⅰ~Ⅱ_A期和Ⅱ_B~Ⅳ期患者的预后均较差。结论 化疗联合术后辅助放疗未能改善早期（Ⅰ~Ⅱ_A）SCNEC患者的OS,但可显著改善中晚期（Ⅱ_B~Ⅳ）患者的OS,年龄、肿瘤大小和治疗方案是影响其预后的独立危险因素。     

ⅠB1~ⅡA具有中危复发因素的宫颈癌患者术后不同治疗模式对预后影响的分析

目的 分析影响Ⅰ_B1~Ⅱ_A宫颈癌术后患者预后因素,评估调强放疗及联合同步化疗治疗模式的作用和不良反应。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月-2019年12月常州市第二人民医院收治362例Ⅰ_B1~Ⅱ_A宫颈癌术后符合1项或多项中危复发因素患者的临床资料和随访结果。362例患者中行同步放化疗161例,单纯放疗131例,未辅助放疗70例。采用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank检验进行单因素生存分析,采用二元logistic回归分析复发风险,采用Cox回归模型进行多因素生存分析。结果 全组患者3年、5年的总生存（OS）率分别为94.20%和88.39%。回归分析发现肿瘤≥ 4 cm和低分化癌是复发的风险因素（OR=3.287,2.870,95% CI：1.366~7.905,1.105~7.457,P<0.05）。同步放化疗较未辅助放疗和单纯放疗降低了肿瘤≥ 4 cm、病理类型为腺癌或腺鳞癌以及低分化癌者的复发率（χ²=6.725~7.518,P<0.05）;多因素分析显示,同步放化疗治疗模式改善患者的无复发生存期（HR=0.290,95% CI：0.128~0.659,P=0.003）和总生存期（HR=0.370,95% CI：0.156~0.895,P=0.024）。亚组分析显示同步放化疗较未辅助放疗或单纯放疗延长了肿瘤≥ 4 cm或低分化癌患者的OS（χ²=7.614、5.964,P<0.05）。同步放化疗较单纯放疗未增加3级以上血液学不良反应、放射性肠炎和膀胱炎的发生率（P>0.05）。结论 在宫颈癌中危复发风险病例中肿瘤体积大、分化程度低影响患者的预后。调强放疗联合同步化疗的治疗模式较单纯放疗和未辅助放疗可延长肿瘤体积大或低分化癌术后患者的无复发生存期和总生存期,不良反应可耐受。     

422例宫颈癌患者调强放疗加后装治疗的不良反应和预后因素分析

目的 观察宫颈癌患者调强放疗+后装治疗±化疗的不良反应和疗效,分析其预后影响因素。方法 回顾性分析徐州医科大学附属江阴临床学院、南京医科大学附属常州市第二人民医院和苏州大学附属第一医院收治的422例接受调强放疗+后装治疗±化疗的宫颈癌患者的临床资料和随访结果,其中同期放化疗353例,单纯放疗69例。Kaplan-Meier法计算总生存（OS）率,Logrank法行预后单因素分析和Cox法行预后多因素分析。结果 同期放化疗与单纯放疗完全缓解（CR）率分别为77.6%和65.2%,两组差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.812,P<0.05）。全组患者1、3和5年OS率分别为93.4%、79.4%和65.0%。年龄、国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）2009分期、淋巴结转移状况、病理类型、放疗同期的化疗情况、近期疗效和序贯化疗情况是影响预后的因素（χ²=6.375~613.123,P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,FIGO分期、淋巴结转移状况、病理类型、放疗同期的化疗情况和近期疗效是影响患者预后的独立因素（χ²=3.930~42.994,P<0.05）。盆腔淋巴结阳性患者行或未行预防性腹主动脉旁淋巴结（PALN）引流区放疗后PALN转移率分别为6.1%和16.8%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;预防性PALN引流区放疗患者的OS高于未行预防性放疗患者（χ²=3.953,P<0.05）。结论 宫颈癌患者采用调强放疗+后装治疗±化疗的治疗模式可取得较好的长期生存。盆腔淋巴结转移患者行预防性PALN引流区放疗有助于改善OS。FIGO分期、病理类型、淋巴结转移状况、是否同期放化疗以及近期疗效是影响患者预后的独立因素。     

Image-guided core breast biopsy of ductal carcinoma in situ presenting as a non-calcified abnormality

Objective: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) typically presents as calcifications which are detected mammographically. Our aim was to evaluate the less common presentations of ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed by image-guided core biopsy and correlate with histopathologic diagnoses. Methods and Material: Imaging and histopathologic findings were retrospectively reviewed in 11 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed at core biopsy that presented as noncalcified radiographic abnormalities. Results: Mammography showed non-calcified, circumscribed nodules, ill-defined nodules and architectural distortion. In two patients, no mammographic abnormality was detected. Sonography showed circumscribed, round or oval, solid masses; irregular, heterogeneous masses; and a tubular structure. Histopathologic diagnoses included multiple architectural subtypes and ranged from low to high nuclear grade. Conclusion: Although image-guided core biopsy diagnosis of ductal carcinoma is typically made when sampling calcifications, DCIS can be diagnosed following biopsy of non-calcified masses or distortion. There is no correlation between histopathologic subtype and radiologic appearance.     

Stereotactic and sonographic large-core biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions: results of the Radiologic Diagnostic Oncology Group V study

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of stereotactically and sonographically guided core biopsy (CB) for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two institutions enrolled 2,403 women who underwent imaging-guided fine needle aspiration followed by imaging-guided large-CB of nonpalpable breast abnormalities. All mammograms were reviewed for study eligibility by one of two breast imaging radiologists. The protocol for image-guided biopsy, using either ultrasound (USCB) or stereotactic (SCB) guidance, was standardized at all institutions and all biopsy specimens were over-read by one of three expert pathologists. Patients with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), atypical lobular hyperplasia, or lobular neoplasia on CB underwent surgical excision. Those with negative CB but suspicious ("discordant") pre-biopsy mammography also underwent surgical excision. Patients having a negative CB that was concordant with the pre-biopsy mammography suspicion were assigned to follow-up mammography at 6, 12, and 24 months following CB. RESULTS: A gold standard diagnosis based on definitive histopathologic diagnosis, mammography follow-up, or an imputed gold standard diagnosis was established for 1,681 patients. Of 310 cases with a gold standard diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma, 261 (84.2%) were invasive carcinoma, 31 (10%) were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), four (1.3%) were ADH, one (0.3%) was a non-breast cancer, and 13 (4.2%) were benign on CB. For 138 cases with a gold standard diagnosis of DCIS, 113 (81.9%) were DCIS, 20 (14.5%) were ADH, and five (3.6%) were benign on CB. For 57 cases (13 masses, 44 calcifications) with an initial CB diagnosis of ADH, atypical lobular hyperplasia or lobular neoplasia, 20 (35.1%) had a gold standard diagnosis of DCIS (4 masses, 16 calcifications) and four (7.0%) had a gold standard diagnosis of invasive cancer (4 calcifications). Of 144 cases (22 masses, 122 calcifications) with an initial CB diagnosis of DCIS, 31 (21.5%) had a gold standard diagnosis of invasive cancer (10 masses, 21 calcifications). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for CB by either imaging guidance method in this trial were .91, 1.00, and .98, respectively. The sensitivity, predictive value negative, and accuracy of CB for diagnosing masses (.96, .99, and .99, respectively) were significantly greater (P < .001) than for calcifications (.84, .94, and .96, respectively). The sensitivity (.89) of SCB for diagnosing all lesions was significantly lower (P = 0.029) than that of USCB (.97) because of the preponderance of calcifications biopsied by SCB versus USCB. There was no difference between USCB and SCB in sensitivity, predictive value negative, or accuracy for the diagnosis of masses (97.3, 98.9, and 99.2, respectively for USCB; 95.6, 98.5, and 98.9 respectively for SCB). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous, imaged-guided core breast biopsy is an accurate diagnostic alternative to surgical biopsy in women with mammographically detected suspicious breast lesions.     

Dose to contralateral breast—A comparative study

Radiation, especially subtherapeutic doses, has been proven to be carcinogenic. During therapeutic irradiation, normal tissue is exposed to some dose due to internal and external scatter from the primary beam. The dose to the contralateral breast during primary irradiation may cause secondary breast malignancies. For example, studies have shown that half-beam block techniques can dramatically increase the opposite breast dose. An attempt has been made to calculate the dose delivered during primary breast irradiation. Materials used will include previously published articles in medical and science journals. Preliminary results from a study currently being done by Marilyn Stovall will also be utilized. Isodose distributions demonstrating various treatment techniques will be shown.     

Quantification of background enhancement in breast magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose:

To present a novel technique for measuring tissue enhancement in breast fibroglandular tissue regions on contrast‐enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aimed at quantifying the enhancement of breast parenchyma, also known as “background enhancement.”

Materials and Methods:

Our quantitative method for measuring breast MRI background enhancement was evaluated in a population of 16 healthy volunteers. We also demonstrate the use of our new technique in the case study of one subject classified as high risk for developing breast cancer who underwent 3 months of tamoxifen therapy.

Results:

We obtained quantitative measures of background enhancement in all cases. The high‐risk patient exhibited a 37% mean reduction in background enhancement with treatment.

Conclusion:

Our quantitative method is a robust and promising tool that may allow investigators to quantify and document the potential adverse effect of background enhancement on diagnostic accuracy in larger populations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1229–1234. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The use of carbon suspension as an adjunct to wire localisation of impalpable breast lesions

AIM: To determine the accuracy and therapeutic success of localisation of impalpable breast lesions by hookwire with additional lesion marking with carbon suspension to mark screen detected abnormalities requiring surgical excision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of all breast localisation procedures performed in our unit on women with a screen detected abnormality requiring excision over a 7 year period. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty eight women underwent breast localisation procedures. All of the mammographic abnormalities were excised at the initial surgical procedure. The benign to malignant ratio was 1:2. Pre-operative cytology was used to guide the extent of surgical excision, with clear margins in 70 of the 92 patients (75 percent) with malignancy. Twenty patients had further surgery: mastectomy in 7 and further local excision in 14. The localisation procedure was a therapeutic success in the local excision of malignancy in 73 of the 92 patients (79 percent) with malignancy. CONCLUSION: This method of localisation biopsy is an accurate technique for surgical excision of mammographically detected impalpable abnormalities. The surgeon is able to choose the site of surgical incision to give the best cosmetic result, the lesion is easier to identify at operation and the confidence that the abnormality has been excised is improved.     

乳腺癌X线表现分析

目的分析乳腺癌典型及不典型X线征象,提高对乳腺癌不典型X线表现的认识。方法对61例经手术病理证实的乳腺癌资料进行回顾性分析。结果61例乳腺癌主要X线征象:肿块39例;微小钙化30例;不伴肿块及微小钙化的乳腺局部结构紊乱4例、星芒征3例、非对称性密度增高3例。结论肿块及微小钙化是乳腺癌最主要、最直接的X线征象,但部分乳腺癌X线上缺乏上述2种表现,单纯以结构紊乱、非对称性密度增高或星芒征为主要表现。提高对此类乳腺癌不典型X线表现的认识,有利于防止误、漏诊。     

Optimal post-contrast timing of breast MR image acquisition for architectural feature analysis

PURPOSE: To define a post-contrast imaging time span during which diagnostic accuracy of breast magnetic resonance (MR) architectural feature analysis is maintained. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with mammographically-visible or palpable findings underwent MR examination. Three sequential post-contrast, fat-saturated, three-dimensional gradient-echo imaging runs were acquired spanning 0-90, 90-180, and 180-270 seconds after contrast injection. Five readers independently predicted the malignant potential of the MR abnormalities. RESULTS: Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curves were our primary measure of diagnostic accuracy. The accuracy of four readers was unchanged over the three post-contrast runs. One reader was slightly more accurate using the second and third runs than using the first. CONCLUSION: For most readers, a single post-contrast run performed at any point during the first four minutes and 30 seconds following injection should yield an equivalent diagnostic accuracy. If any time period is less optimal, it is that of our first run, performed between 0-90 seconds after contrast injection.     

The role of MRI in assessment of asymmetrical breast densities

This study included 86 women presented with asymmetric breast densities, seen on either routine screening or diagnostic mammogram.     

动态光学乳腺成像技术诊断乳腺癌指标初探

目的：动态光学乳腺成像技术（dynamic optical breast imaging,DOBI）对乳腺癌诊断指标进行初步探讨。材料和方法：接受DOBI及乳腺活检的患者共52例,均为女性。乳腺癌组19例,非乳腺癌组33例。结果：非乳腺癌感兴趣区内的“蓝色病灶”85．42％为漂移或发散,而乳腺癌68．42％为聚焦;非乳腺癌的“蓝色病灶”代谢曲线86．46％为平缓下降或呈波浪状,而乳腺癌以直线下降为多,达57．37％;64．58％非乳腺癌感兴趣区内的“蓝色病灶”代谢曲线与非蓝区代谢曲线相同,78．95％乳腺癌患者的代谢曲线与非蓝区代谢曲线不同;乳腺癌患者“蓝色病灶”代谢值（平均值为-5．77&#177;2．13）的绝对值明显高于非乳腺癌患者（平均值为-3．34&#177;0．87;P〈0．05）。结论：DOBI空间特征的局限、聚焦且稳定、代谢曲线呈陡直下降对恶性或可疑恶性病变诊断价值更大,其次为代谢值的绝对值较大（多大于｜-5｜）。