腹腔镜胆总管探查取石一期缝合与T管引流的临床对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合与T管引流术治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效及相关问题。方法:前瞻性研究2013年6月至2014年6月收治的70例胆总管结石患者的临床资料。经术前筛选、术中具体情况综合判断将患者分为一期缝合组(n=34)与T管引流组(n=36),对比分析两组患者的术前资料、手术时间、术后住院时间、术后排气时间、住院费用、术后胆道相关并发症等情况。结果:患者均行择期手术,两组术前资料、手术时间、术后排气时间、术后胆道并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。一期缝合组住院时间、住院费用少于T管引流组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆总管探查取石一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石安全、有效,避免了T管相关弊端,缩短了住院时间,减少了住院费用,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合与T管引流治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合与T管引流治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2010~2012年为149例胆总管结石患者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的临床资料,其中58例行一期缝合(缝合组),91例放置T管引流(引流组),对比分析两组手术时间、出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后疼痛、住院费用、术后住院时间、术后恢复工作时间及术后相关并发症(腹腔感染、切口感染、胆漏、残余结石、术后胰腺炎、腹膜炎等)发生率。结果:两组手术均获成功。两组出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症(胆漏、术后腹腔感染、残余结石、术后胰腺炎、腹膜炎)发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);一期缝合组手术时间平均(58.6±20.5)min,术后恢复肛门排气时间平均(13.2±2.4)h,术后疼痛药物使用率、切口感染率、平均住院费用、术后恢复工作时间明显优于T管引流组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合治疗胆总管结石较T管引流具有更好的临床疗效,但一期缝合的技术要求更高,胆道镜取石技术、缝合技术是关键。术者具备熟练的操作技术,严格掌握手术适应证,腹腔镜胆总管切开取石后一期缝合可缩短患者康复时间,提高围手术期生存质量,是较T管引流治疗胆总管结石更理想的术式。     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜行胆总管切开取石一期缝合术临床观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜在胆总管切开取石行一期缝合的临床效果及应用价值。方法:选择2004年9月—2010年4月收治的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石86例患者,随机抽取42例行腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石行一期缝合胆总管作为观察组,与44例同期行开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石T管引流作为对照组。两组术中均行纤维胆道镜探查胆总管。结果:两组在腹腔引流管引流留置时间、平均住院费用、平均出血量、胆瘘及残石率等无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组在平均住院时间、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、平均进食时间、术后疼痛及切口感染明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石一期缝合胆总管是一种创伤小,住院时间短,术后恢复快,并发症少,跟传统开腹相比有一定的优势。     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石胆总管结石的效果。方法将2005年6月—2009年6月收治的168例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,随机抽取90例行腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开+胆道镜探查、取石T管引流术(联合腹腔镜组),另78例行开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石T管引流术(对照组),对比分析两组的临床效果。结果开腹组并发症发生率高于联合组(P0.05),联合组住院时间、胃肠功能恢复时间均短于对照组(P0.05),两组手术时间、住院费用差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与传统开腹手术相比,用腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,优于传统开腹手术。     

经胆囊管腹腔镜胆道探查术治疗胆总管结石的临床研究

目的:比较分析腹腔镜下经胆囊管和经胆总管切开T管引流两种方法胆道镜取石治疗胆囊结石继发胆总管结石的疗效,以评价经胆囊管腹腔镜胆道探查术治疗胆总管结石的临床价值。方法:2001年3月至2003年3月按胆道探查途径不同将28例胆石症患者分为胆囊管组(n=8)和胆总管切开组(n=20)。患者经B超和术中胆道造影或加内窥镜逆行胆管造影(ERC)确诊。观察两组病例的术后肛门排气时间、腹腔引流时间、术后住院日、住院费用及手术并发症的发生情况,术后对患者进行全程跟踪随访。结果:胆总管切开组肛门排气时间、腹腔引流时间、术后住院日、住院费用明显长于或高于胆囊管组(P>0.05)。胆囊管组发生手术并发症1例(12.5%);胆总管切开组5例(25.0%),其中胆道并发症4例(20.0%),需要再次微创处理2例(10.0%),需再次手术治疗的严重并发症2例(10.0%);手术并发症发生率胆总管切开组明显高于胆囊管组(P<0.05)。随访两组患者均无胆管狭窄、急性胆管炎及急性胰腺炎发生和结石复发。结论:经胆囊管途径的腹腔镜胆道探查术充分体现了微创外科技术的优点,适于胆囊结石继发胆总管结石患者,其疗效优于胆总管切开T管引流途径的腹腔镜胆道探查术。     

经胆囊管汇合部微切开行腹腔镜胆总管探查术的应用

目的:探讨相较T管引流术,经胆囊管汇合部微切开行胆道镜探查取石一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾分析2020年6月至2022年7月行腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术的110例患者的临床资料。根据手术方案分组,其中50例行汇合部微切开(微切开组),60例探查后常规留置T管(对照组)。比较两组手术时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间、住院总费用及术后并发症。结果:微切开组住院时间、肛门排气时间短于对照组(P<0.05);两组手术时间、住院总费用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);微切开组术后腹腔感染率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:相较留置T管,经胆囊管汇合部微切开行胆道镜探查取石一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石安全、可行,可免去患者带T管的痛苦,加快术后康复进程,并有助于降低术后感染的风险,适于具有相关适应证的患者。     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆道术后胆总管复发结石的临床疗效与并发症观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆道术后胆总管复发结石的临床疗效与并发症。方法:回顾分析2013年1月至2016年11月收治的121例胆道术后胆总管复发结石患者的临床资料,将其分为两组,观察组行腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜手术,对照组行开腹胆总管切开取石术联合T管引流术。对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、取石成功率与并发症发生率。结果:两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率优于对照组(P0.05)。取石成功率观察组为96.72%,对照组为96.67%(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜手术治疗胆道术后胆总管复发结石临床疗效显著,并发症发生率较低,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜下胆道镜联合液电碎石经胆囊管治疗胆总管巨大结石的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下胆道镜联合液电碎石经胆囊管治疗胆道巨大结石的疗效。方法:回顾分析2005年1月至2013年11月84例因梗阻性黄疸、胆总管巨大结石行腹腔镜下胆道镜联合液电碎石经胆囊管取石患者的临床资料。结果:80例成功完成手术。1例因胆道出血中转开腹行胆总管切开止血、取石+T管引流术;1例患者怀疑胆道下段肿瘤中转开腹探查并行胰十二指肠切除术,术中冰冻病理证实为胆管癌;1例患者经胆囊管取石毕发现乳头下端狭窄,术中行内镜逆行胰胆管造影及乳头肌切开后胆汁流出通畅;1例患者因Mirizzi综合征导致胆囊三角区粘连紧密从而中转开腹行胆总管切开取石、T管引流术。术后均无出血、胆漏、胆总管损伤等并发症发生,术后住院7~11 d。结论:腹腔镜下胆道镜联合液电碎石经胆囊管取石术治疗胆总管巨大结石安全、可靠,手术微创,结石清除率高,并发症少;对于胆囊管粗短直、入口较大的患者,可直接置入胆道镜探查取石,损伤小,优点突出,值得临床应用。     

腹腔镜胆道探查术后胆管一期缝合与T管引流的疗效比较

目的 比较分析腹腔镜胆道探查术后胆管一期缝合与T管引流两种方法治疗胆囊结石继发胆总管结石患者的疗效。方法 依据6项病例筛选标准,将2000年1月至2003年2月55例因胆囊结石继发胆总管结石行腹腔镜胆管切开取石治疗的患者,随机分为胆管一期缝合组和T管引流组,比较观察两组的手术和住院时间、输液量、住院费用、术后恢复情况及手术并发症等。结果 胆管一期缝合组27例患者,T管引流组28例患者,一期缝合组较T管引流组术后住院时间更短,肛门排气和恢复正常工作更快,输液量和住院费用更少。一期缝合组手术并发症3例(11．1％),T管引流组手术并发症8例(28．6％),其中需再次外科手术治疗的严重并发症3例(10．7％),严重并发症均由放置T管造成。两组患者随访结果差异无显著性意义。结论 腹腔镜胆管切开取石术后胆管一期缝合避免了放置T管引起的一系列弊端,体现出微创外科技术的优越性,治疗适合的胆囊结石继发胆总管结石患者是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜三镜联合治疗细径胆总管结石105例

[摘?要] 目的 探讨腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜三镜联合治疗胆囊结石继发细径胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析东南大学医学院附属江阴医院2012年1月至2016年9月收治的105例胆囊结石继发细径胆总管结石患者的临床资料,其中12例胆管直径≥0.4 cm且<0.6 cm,行十二指肠镜下乳头括约肌微切开（EST）和（或）内镜下乳头气囊扩张术（EPBD）+腹腔镜下胆囊切除术（LC） （内镜组A组）;93例胆总管直径≥0.6 cm且≤0.8 cm,采用腹腔镜、胆道镜联合治疗（腹腔镜组B组）,其中行LC+经胆囊管胆道探查取石术（B1组）16例,LC+腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石+胆管一期缝合术（B2组）73例,LC+腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石+T管引流术（B3组）4例。结果 104例手术成功,1例EST取石失败,中转开腹手术。内镜组手术时间（94.17±9.96）min,术后住院时间（8.92±2.02）d,住院费用（31 454.92±2 158.76）元,1例发生一过性胰腺炎,经保守治疗后痊愈,1例于术后1年复查胆管结石复发。腹腔镜组手术时间（77.11±15.30）min,术后住院时间（6.01±1.01）d,住院费用（19 812.33±1 875.36）元,经胆囊管胆道探查及胆总管切开取石+T管引流组术后无胆漏等并发症,胆总管切开取石+胆管一期缝合组术后6例发生胆漏,2例术后出现黄疸一过性加重,均予以保守治疗好转;全组无手术死亡病例。结论 四种不同方式的微创手术都有各自的适应证,只要选择合适的病例,腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜三镜联合治疗胆囊结石继发细径胆总管结石是可行的,腹腔镜下胆管行一期缝合是安全的。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.