比较腹腔镜与开放手术在小儿巨脾症的应用

目的：对比腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)和传统开放脾切除术(OS)治疗小儿巨脾的临床疗效,探讨腹腔镜切除小儿巨脾的可行性及安全性。方法：选取32例小儿巨脾的病例资料,根据手术方法不同,将其中16例LS组与16例OS组进行对比分析。结果：两组均实施巨脾切除术;两组相比,LS组手术时间长,术中出血量少,术后肛门排气早,术后住院时间短,副脾发现例数多;术后并发症发生率、长期随访率、有效率差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：腹腔镜小儿巨脾切除术是一种安全、有效、可行的手术方法,能减少并发症,具有创伤小、恢复快、美容的临床疗效。     

Preoperative management of obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: Role of endoscopy and Helicobacter eradication

BackgroundObesity is a pandemic disease associated to severe health problems. Management is usually multimodal, but many patients eventually need surgery to reduce weight. Many guidelines recommend endoscopy prior to surgery. This study reviews a series of patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy to see whether endoscopy performance and histopathological findings influence surgery outcome.Material and methodsRetrospective series of patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy as bariatric procedure at a single institution. We have reviewed the demographic data, the associated pathologies, endoscopic findings prior to surgery, histopathological findings in the surgical resection specimen and postoperative complication rate.Results259 patients fulfilled criteria for the study. Over 70% were women and the mean age was 46.9 (SD 9.8). Preoperative endoscopy was performed in 28.9% of the patients and biopsy only in 19.3%. Helicobacter pylori was detected in 28% of the patients undergoing endoscopy (either in the biopsy or the urease test) and eradicated before surgery in all the patients. Helicobacter pylori was present in 9.7% of the surgical resection specimens and its presence was significantly associated with the development of postoperative complications, mostly staple line leaks (p = 0.01).ConclusionOur study confirms that Helicobacter infection is significantly associated with postoperative complications after sleeve gastrectomy. It is therefore important to detect its presence and eradicate it before surgery.     

腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术23例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术的安全性、可行性和治疗效果.方法 施行腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术23例,其中D_(1+α)/D_(1+β)淋巴结清扫术3例,D_2淋巴结清扫术20例.全部病例均行毕Ⅰ式胃肠吻合术.结果 23例均成功完成腹腔镜手术.平均手术时间(205±38)min,平均术中出血量(105±66)ml,平均清扫淋巴结数(19.7±6.2)枚/例,术后平均胃肠功能恢复时间(3.5±1.2)d,恢复流质饮食时间(4.9±0.9)d,平均住院时间(10.2±2.7)d.无吻合口瘘、吻合口梗阻等并发症发生,术后发生上消化道出血1例,经保守治疗后痊愈.随访1～12个月,无肿瘤复发或转移.结论 腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术安全可行,术后近期疗效满意,有望在快速康复外科理念的指导下进一步提高近期疗效.     

老年低位直肠癌保肛手术与腹会阴联合切除术疗效评价

目的探讨低位直肠癌保肛术与腹会阴联合切除术对病人术后并发症和肿瘤复发影响。方法随访2009年7—12月期间我院普外科手术治疗56例低位直肠癌,对保肛手术(LAR)与经腹会阴联合切除术(APR)两组病人的临床病理指标、术后并发症和局部复发状况进行统计学分析。结果 LAR组吻合口漏发生率明显较APR组高,差异有显著性(P<0.05),两组术后局部复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论低位直肠癌保肛术与腹会阴联合切除术并不影响低位直肠癌病人术后肿瘤复发,但LAR较易发生吻合口瘘。     

腹腔镜下子宫次全切术的手术配合与护理

目的总结腹腔镜下行子宫次全切术的手术配合及护理。方法回顾法分析93例腹腔镜下子宫次全切术中的手术配合与整体护理措施。结果无一例发生感染、出血、腹腔脏器损伤等严重并发症。结论在腹腔镜下行子宫次全切术,有良好的术前护理、密切的术中配合以及彻底的术后器械清洗与消毒,可以大大减少患者术后并发症的发生,同时保障了腹腔镜手术的成功。     

Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer

Laparoscopic surgery for colonic cancer is a safe and established alternative to traditional open colectomy. The potential advantages of shorter length of stay, faster recovery and fewer operative complications are well documented. The last 5 years has seen an increase in the number of laparoscopic colorectal operations as more surgeons learn this technique. Short and medium term results have been encouraging with respect to oncological outcomes. However, laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer remains a contentious issue. The increased complexity of operating within the confines of the pelvis and the greater risk of oncological compromise, have led to some surgeons urging caution. We present the challenges associated with laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery and explain that appropriate patient selection, surgical planning and laparoscopic experience are the key to successful outcomes.Laparoscopic surgery for cancer of the colon is a safe and well established technique in selected patients, when performed by trained and suitably experienced surgeons. Although several studies have documented the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with conventional open colectomy such as reduced blood loss, decreased hospital stay and less post-operative pain,^1,2 it is the equivalent oncological outcomes which have led to acceptance of a minimal access approach. However, laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer (defined as carcinoma within 15 centimetres of the anal verge) has not been as thoroughly evaluated and remains controversial.³ The main concern is fear of oncological compromise and that tumour clearance, and lymph node yields, as markers of surgical success may not be comparable with those achieved at open surgery. There is also a perceived risk of technical compromise due to the inflexibility of the instruments used during laparoscopy. This paper aims to highlight the potential benefits and challenges associated with laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery.     

A dual-perspective analysis of the hospital and payer-borne burdens of selected in-hospital surgical complications in low anterior resection for colorectal cancer

Objectives: The economic burden of surgical complications is borne in distinctly different ways by hospitals and payers. This study quantified the incidence and economic burden – from both the hospital and payer perspective – of selected major colorectal surgery complications in patients undergoing low anterior resection (LAR) for colorectal cancer.

Methods: Retrospective, observational study of patient undergoing LAR for colorectal cancer between 1/1/2010 and 7/1/2015. Analyses were replicated in two large healthcare administrative databases: Premier (hospital discharge and billing data; hospital perspective) and Optum (insurance claims data; payer perspective). Multivariable analyses evaluated the association between infection (surgical site or bloodstream), anastomotic leak, and bleeding complications and the following outcomes: hospital length of stay (LOS), non-home discharge, 90-day all-cause readmission, index admission costs to the hospital, index admission payer expenditures, and index admission +90-day post-discharge payer expenditures.

Results: 9,738 eligible LAR patients were included (7,479 in Premier; 2,259 in Optum). Overall, the incidences of infection, anastomotic leak, and bleeding complications were 6.4%, 10.6%, and 10.9%, respectively, during the index hospitalization. Each complication was associated with statistically significant longer LOS, higher risk of non-home discharge, higher risk of 90-day readmission, greater costs to the hospital, and higher payer expenditures.

Conclusions: In-hospital infection, anastomotic leak, and bleeding were associated with a substantial economic burden, for both hospitals and payers, in patients undergoing LAR for colorectal cancer. This study provides information which may be used to quantify the potential economic value and impact of innovations in surgical care and delivery that reduce the incidence and burden of these complications.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术并发症的临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术并发症的原因及治疗。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年6月本院59例腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的临床资料。结果 59例患者均痊愈出院,无死亡病例。行直肠前切除术(Dixon手术)25例,乙状结肠切除术14例,腹会阴联合直肠切除术(Miles手术)9例,右半结肠切除术8例,左半结肠切除术3例。57例完成腹腔镜手术,2例(3.4%)中转开腹。术中并发症5例(8.5%),腹腔出血3例,肠破裂2例;术后早期并发症4例(6.8%),2例吻合口瘘,1例小切口感染,1例会阴部切口裂开;1例(1.7%)切口肿瘤种植。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌手术是安全、有效的,术前严格掌握手术适应证,术中精细地操作,将有效的降低手术并发症的发生。     

Portomesenteric vein thrombosis following sleeve gastrectomy: Case report focusing on the role of pathogenetic factors

IntroductionSleeve gastrectomy has currently become the most commonly performed bariatric. procedure worldwide according to the last IFSO survey, overtaking gastric bypass with. a share of more than 50% of all primary bariatric-metabolic surgery. Gastric leak, intraluminal bleeding, bleeding from the staple-line and strictures are the most common complications. Portomesenteric vein thrombosis (PMVT)after sleeve gastrectomy is. another complication that has been increasingly reported in case-series in recent.years, although it remains uncommon. In this case report is described an extended portomesenteric vein thrombosis after. sleeve gastrectomy interesting splenic vein too with a favorable course and an. uneventful follow-up. We try to search in this case for pathogenetic factors involved in. this complication.Case reportA 42-year old man, with a body mass index (BMI) of 45 kg/m2, with a medical history of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Sindrome (OSAS) underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Early postoperative course was uneventful. Six days after discharge he complained abdominal pain and was admitted at the Emergency Department. A CT scan with intravenous contrast showed an occlusion of the portal vein, of the intrahepatic major branches and an extension to the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein. The patient received heparin and oral anticoagulation together with intravenous hydration and proton pump inhibitors. Considering the favourable course the patient was discharged after six days with long-term oral anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulation with acenocumarol was continued for six months after a CT scan showed resolution of the PMVT without cavernoma. He had no recurrence of symptoms.DiscussionPorto-mesenteric thrombosis after sleeve gastrectomy is a rare complication but it has been increasingly reported over the last 10 years along with the extensive use of sleeve gastrectomy. Because PMVT is closely associated with sleeve gastrectomy in comparison with other bariatric procedures, we need to investigate what pathogenetic factors are involved in sleeve gastrectomy. Thrombophylic state, prolonged duration of surgery, high levels of pneumoperitoneum, thermal injury of the gastroepiploic vessels during greater curvature dissection, high intragastric pressure, inadequate antithrombotic prophylaxis and delayed mobilization of the patient after surgery have been reported as pathogenetic factors of portmesenteric vein thrombosis. Most of the cases presented in the literature such as our clinical case resolve with medical therapy, although portal vein thrombus extends into the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.ConclusionPortomesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare but serious complication of bariatric surgery, especially associated with sleeve gastrectomy. Diagnosis is based on CT examination with intravenous contrast, and initial therapy is anticoagulation. Etiologic factors reported in the literature include a long duration of surgery, a high degree of pneumoperitoneum, high intragastric pressure after sleeve gastrectomy and thermal injury to the short gastric vessels and gastroepiploic arcade. Limited operative time, controlled values of pneumoperitoneum, careful dissection with energy device of gastric greater curvature, appropriate prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin may be useful tools to prevent and limit this complication. Nonetheless we have to search which factors may condition the evolution of an extended PMVT as that described in this case towards resolution or to a further worsening clinical state. Early diagnosis? Correct treatment? Undiscovered patientrelated factors?     

腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术后早期肠内营养的对比研究

目的 :探讨腹腔镜和开腹胃癌根治术对术后早期肠内营养(EEN)的影响。方法 :将2015年1月至2016年12月安徽医科大学附属安庆医院普外科68例胃癌病人随机分成两组,其中开腹手术组35例,腹腔镜手术组33例,两组术后均实施EEN,观察指标:⑴两组手术及其并发症的情况,⑵EEN的耐受性,⑶术后营养状态,⑷术后化疗开始时间。结果 :⑴两组手术时间,淋巴结清扫数目,术后并发症(吻合口瘘、肺部感染、切口感染)无差异(P0.05);腹腔镜组较开腹组术中出血量少(P0.01)。⑵EEN的耐受情况:腹腔镜组腹胀、腹泻等不适反应少于开腹组(P0.01),达到TEN的时间少于开腹组(P0.01)。⑶术后营养状态:术后第7天,腹腔镜组较早出现了营养状态改善,两组间前白蛋白、C反应蛋白水平差异有统计学意义(P0.01);术后第14天,腹腔镜组营养状态改善明显,两组间体质量、右上臂肌周径、白蛋白等营养指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。⑷腹腔镜组进展期胃癌病人在术后45 d内接受化疗例数明显多于开腹组。结论:腹腔镜胃癌手术减小了手术创伤,能更好地耐受EEN,更早地达到TEN,从而有利于改善术后营养状态,为辅助化疗提供良好条件。     

腹腔镜下脾切除术的护理

目的探讨腹腔镜下脾切除术前术后护理方法及体会。方法对我院2007至2011年73例腹腔镜下脾切除术患者术前做好充分的准备、心理护理,术后做好饮食、体位、引流管等的护理及并发症的观察和处理。结果 73例患者中1例手术中转开腹手术,住院12天,1例术后血小板不升转内科治疗,5例出现肩背部酸痛,其余病例均未出现并发症,术后5～7天出院。结论腹腔镜脾切除术安全可行,且疗效显著;术前做好充分的准备,术后做好并发症的观察和护理,对患者术后康复具有重要的影响。     

腹腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统开腹手术治疗急性胆囊炎的疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹手术治疗急性胆囊炎的效果。方法:回顾性分析本院接受LC手术治疗的急性胆囊炎101例、开腹手术140例患者的临床资料。结果:腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量、术后腹腔引流、下床活动时间、住院天数及并发症发生数显著低于开腹组,P0.05。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短、并发症少,是急性胆囊炎早期的理想手术方式。     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术保留左结肠动脉与高位根部离断肠系膜下动脉对患者术后并发症及预后的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术保留左结肠动脉(LCA)与高位根部离断肠系膜下动脉(IMA)对患者术后并发症及预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年1月—2019年1月陇西县第二人民医院收治的行腹腔镜根治术的84例直肠癌患者临床资料,按照选择的术式分为观察组36例(保留LCA行低位结扎)和对照组44例(不保留LCA,行高位结扎)。比较两组患者围术期状况、术后病理情况和术后并发症发生率,随访12个月,观察记录患者术后复发转移情况。结果两组患者围术期状况、术后病理各项指标比较,差异均不显著(P0.05);观察组吻合口漏、吻合口出血、吻合口狭窄、肺部感染、泌尿系统感染、低位前切除综合征发生率、复发转移率及死亡率与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05),但观察组术后并发症总发生率更低(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜直肠癌根治术保留LCA与高位结扎IMA患者预后状况相近,但前者有利于降低患者术后并发症的发生风险。     

腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术的疗效分析比较

目的分析比较腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术疗效。方法回顾性分析行腹腔镜和开腹胃癌根治术治疗72例胃癌患者临床资料,其中腹腔镜组38例,开腹组32例,比较两组患者手术时间、切口长度、出血量、清扫淋巴结数目、住院时间及手术前后c反应蛋白水平。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,腹腔镜组无中转开腹,无手术死亡。腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组,切口长度小于开腹组,出血量少于开腹组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而清扫淋巴结数目两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。腹腔镜组较开腹组排气时间短,下床活动时间早,术后住院时间短,发生并发症情况少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者术前C反应蛋白比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而两组术后第1,3,5天C反应蛋白均呈先升后降趋势,腹腔镜组明显低于开腹组[（9．33±0．27）mgm比（11．29±0．42）mg／L、（7．16±0．18）mg／L比（9．87±0．65）mg／L、（4．38±0．41）mg／L比（6．97±0．51）mg／L],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论应用腹腔镜行胃癌根治术,具有安全、效果好、恢复快、对患者刺激小等优点。     

内磁锚定技术辅助腹腔镜下结肠切除的实验研究

目的:验证自行设计的基于内磁锚定技术原理的磁锚定装置在辅助腹腔镜下行结肠切除术的可行性与安全性。方法:分析腹腔镜下结肠切除时对结肠的牵拉暴露需求及受力特点,自行设计并加工磁锚定装置,包括锚定磁体和靶磁体2个部分。以4只健康雄性Beagle犬为动物实验模型,经肛门置入靶磁体,借助钛合金组织钳将其推送至降结肠,在体外放置锚定磁体,锚定磁体与靶磁体相吸,移动锚定磁体的位置即可改变靶磁体对结肠的牵拉方向,从而更好地显露结肠系膜,完成腹腔镜下结肠切除术。记录手术操作时间、术中出血量及手术操作中副损伤或不良事件发生情况。结果:4只Beagle犬均顺利完成磁锚定技术辅助腹腔镜下结肠切除,手术时间56~90 min,术中出血量均小于50 ml。术后实验动物存活状态良好,未出现相关并发症。结论:磁锚定装置辅助腹腔镜下结肠切除安全可行,具有临床应用潜力,优化设计后可在临床试用推广。     

腹腔镜与开腹胃大部切除术的前瞻性对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜胃大部切除术的优越性。方法将2001年10月～2003年3月收治的50例胃十二指肠球部溃疡穿孔患者随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组，各25例，均行胃大部切除术，比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后肛门排气时间、术后并发症、术前及术后1～3d每天早晨血清胃动素、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、白细胞介素（IL）-6的表达。结果开腹组术后切口感染5例，腹腔镜组1例，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。与开腹组比较。除手术时间差异无统计学意义外（P〉0．05），腹腔镜组术后出血量少、术后胃动素高峰值提前及肛门排气时间早、术后并发症少、术后住院时间短（P均〈0．05），两组术后1、3d IL-6、TNF较术前明显升高（P均〈0．01）。结论腹腔镜胃大部切除术是安全可行的，且比开腹胃大部切除术具有优越性。     

腹腔镜辅助与开腹远端胃癌D2根治术的疗效分析

目的对比腹腔镜辅助与开腹远端胃癌D2根治术的临床疗效和安全性,为临床策略的制定提供参考。方法选取在我院胃肠外科行远端胃癌D2根治术的患者58例,随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组各29例。腹腔镜组的患者采用腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术进行治疗,开腹组患者采用开腹远端胃癌D2根治术进行治疗,对比两组患者手术相关指标以及术后病理检查结果。结果腹腔镜组患者术口长度、手术出血量、术后平均注射止痛药物次数、首次肛门排气时间、术后开始下床活动时间以及住院天数均显著少于开腹组,（P〈0．05）;腹腔镜组患者的手术时间则显著长于开腹组,（P〈0．05）。两组患者在清扫淋巴结数量、肿瘤上切缘长度以及肿瘤下切缘长度上的对比,其差异均没有统计学意义,（P〉0．05）。腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率为10．34％,开腹组术后并发症发生率为20．69％,腹腔镜组患者术后并发症的发生率显著低于开腹组,（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术具有手术创伤小,术后恢复快,病灶清除彻底,安全性高等优点,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

基于快速康复外科理念的医护一体化护理干预对腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者术后恢复及并发症发生率的影响

目的 探讨基于快速康复外科(FTS)理念的医护一体化护理干预对腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者术后恢复及并发症发生率的影响.方法 选取2019年6月至2021年6月于我院行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的94例胃癌患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各47例.对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组采用基于FTS理念的医护一体化护理干预.比较两组患者的术后恢复情...     

分析腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术治疗进展期胃癌

目的分析在进展期胃癌中采取腹腔镜和开腹胃癌根治术的疗效。方法本研究择取我院在2015年3月-2019年3月期间接收的150例进展期胃癌患者作为研究对象,按照随机平均的方式分为A、B两组,各75例,A组:腹腔镜胃癌根治术,B组:开腹胃癌根治术,针对两种手术方案的具体效果进行对比分析。结果 A组手术出血量及术后下床活动用时均短于B组,且A组并发症发生率低于B组,P<0.05。结论针对处于进展阶段的胃癌患者可优先考虑应用腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗,能够有效减少患者术中出血量,并缩短下床活动时间,降低患者在术后并发症发生率,达到快速恢复的效果。     

Elective Surgery in Adult Patients with Excess Weight: Can Preoperative Dietary Interventions Improve Surgical Outcomes? A Systematic Review

This systematic review summarises the literature regarding the impact of preoperative dietary interventions on non-bariatric surgery outcomes for patients with excess weight/obesity, a known risk factor for poor surgical outcomes. Four electronic databases were searched for non-bariatric surgery studies that evaluated the surgical outcomes of a preoperative diet that focused on weight/fat loss or improvement of liver steatosis. Meta-analysis was unfeasible due to the extreme heterogeneity of variables. Fourteen studies, including five randomised controlled trials, were selected. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, hernia repair, and liver resection were most studied. Diet-induced weight loss ranged from 1.4 kg to 25 kg. Preoperative very low calorie diet (≤800 kcal) or low calorie diet (≤900 kcal) for one to three weeks resulted in: reduction in blood loss for two liver resection and one gastrectomy study (−27 to −411 mL, p < 0.05), and for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, reduction of six minutes in operating time (p < 0.05) and reduced difficulty of aspects of procedure (p < 0.05). There was no difference in length of stay (n = 7 studies). Preoperative ≤ 900 kcal diets for one to three weeks could improve surgical outcomes for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, liver resection, and gastrectomy. Multiple randomised controlled trials with common surgical outcomes are required to establish impact on other surgeries.