Acute thermal nerve root injury

Summary Bone cement is sometimes used for vertebral body reconstruction following tumor removal. During such procedures, the polymerization of the methyl-metacrylate in the bone cement generates heat. Such temperature increase might cause damage to the nerve roots within the spinal canal. In the present study, pig cauda equina nerve roots were subjected to controlled temperature increases by means of a heat-generating probe. A temperature of 40°C applied for 5 min did not cause any changes in nerve root function. However, 70°C resulted in a complete block of nerve root function within 5 min. Histological nerve fiber damage was seen after exposure to 60°C and 70°C. The present study provides basic knowledge of heat-resistance properties of spinal nerve roots that might be directly applicable as guidelines for safety margins during surgical spine reconstruction procedures using bone cement.     

经皮椎体成形术后骨水泥渗漏的回顾性分析及预防策略

目的 回顾性分析我院152例187节胸腰椎骨折椎体成形术后患者(PVP或PKP)骨水泥渗漏的发生率及预防措施.方法 2007年5月～2012年5月共152例骨质疏松性胸腰椎体压缩性骨折(187节椎体)患者施行经皮椎体成形术(PVP)75节或经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)112节,术后对责任椎常规复查CT,统计显示骨水泥渗漏共65节(34.76%),其中PVP术38节(50.66%),PKP术27节(24.11%),渗漏至椎管内15节(8.02%,PVP术9节,PKP术6节)、椎间隙内13节(6.95%,PVP术7节,PKP术6节)、穿刺针道内8节(4.28%,PVP术4节,PKP术4节)、椎间静脉渗漏5节(2.67%,均为PVP节)、椎体周缘(椎体前缘、椎体旁)23节(12.30%,PVP术12节,PKP术11节)、神经根管内1节(0.53%,为PVP术),观察术后疗效,总结造成骨水泥渗漏的原因及预防方法.结果 所有患者术后疼痛明显减轻,出现骨水泥渗漏并发症的患者中,1例渗漏至神经根管内患者出现神经压迫症状,减压术后症状缓解,其余患者术后均无明显神经压迫症状.结论 椎体成形术后渗漏发生率较高(34.76%),以椎体周缘渗漏(35.38%)最为常见,但因渗漏而有临床症状者较少(1.53%).骨水泥渗漏与术前检查是否充分、术前阅片是否仔细、手术操作是否熟练密切相关.     

前路U形钛板在腰骶段脊柱肿瘤切除术后稳定性重建中的应用

目的:评价U形钛板在前路腰骶段肿瘤切除脊柱稳定性重建手术中的应用效果。方法:21例腰骶椎肿瘤患者均采取前方手术入路,肿瘤切除后6例良性肿瘤患者应用自体髂骨植骨、钛板内固定,15例恶性肿瘤患者采用骨水泥填充、钛板内固定。随访观察治疗效果。结果:所有患者随访8～24个月,平均16个月,腰骶部疼痛及骶神经压迫症状均明显改善,6例良性肿瘤患者3个月后均达骨性融合;15例应用骨水泥填充治疗的恶性肿瘤患者内置物位置良好无移位,1例患者术后16个月死于肺转移,1例术后未坚持放化疗,3个月后局部复发,出现瘫痪症状,余13例未见肿瘤局部复发和转移。所有患者内固定无松动和断裂。结论:前路腰骶段脊柱肿瘤切除后应用骨水泥或自体髂骨植骨加前路钛板内固定有利于维持脊柱及骨盆的连续性,可前路一期完成减压和稳定性重建,固定牢靠,创伤较小,是腰骶段脊柱稳定性重建可选择的方式之一。     

Case Report: Reconstruction of a 16-cm Diaphyseal Defect after Ewing’s Resection in a Child

Numerous options exist for intercalary segmental reconstruction after bone tumor resection. We present the extension of a recently developed surgical two-stage technique that involves insertion of a cement spacer, induction of a membrane, and reconstruction of the defect with cancellous and cortical bone autograft in a 12-year-old child. The boy was referred to our center for treatment of a right femoral diaphyseal Ewing’s sarcoma. The first stage involved resection of the tumor and reconstruction with a locked intramedullary nail and a polymethylmethacrylate cement spacer. Seven months after the initial procedure during which adjuvant chemotherapy was given, the second-stage procedure was performed. The cement was removed and cancellous and cortical bone autograft was grafted in the membrane created around the cement spacer. Touchdown weightbearing was allowed immediately, partial weightbearing was resumed 6 weeks after the operation, and full weightbearing was allowed 4 months later. Successive plain radiographs showed rapid integration of the autograft to the host bone with bone union and cortical reconstitution. The principle of the induced membrane reconstruction seems applicable to intercalary segmental reconstruction after bone tumor resection in children. Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the reporting of this case report, that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research, and that informed consent for participation in the study was obtained.     

A case report: reconstruction of a damaged knee following treatment of giant cell tumor of the proximal tibia with cryosurgery and cementation

OBJECTIVE: Reconstruction of a knee damaged by cement packed to cure a giant-cell tumor is sometimes difficult. We reconstructed such a knee by removal of the cement, autologous bone transplantation and distraction osteogenesis using the Ilizarov apparatus. In this paper the results 29 months after the salvage surgery are given. PATIENT AND METHODS: We saw a 31-year-old woman's knee joint that showed osteoarthritic change after curettage, cryosurgery and cementation performed 4 years previously for a giant-cell tumor of the proximal tibia. We reconstructed the knee joint. This procedure included cement removal, alignment correction by tibial osteotomy, subchondral bone reconstruction by autologous bone transplantation, and filling the defect after removing the bone cement by elongating the diaphysis using the Ilizarov apparatus. RESULTS: Distraction was terminated 4 months later when 54 mm of elongation was performed. All devices were removed 12 months after the surgery. Seventeen months after the removal of the apparatus, the range of motion of the right knee was 0 degrees extension and 110 degrees flexion, and the patient was able to walk without pain. CONCLUSIONS: Although the treatment period is long and there may be some complications of Ilizarov lengthening and distraction osteogenesis, this procedure has numerous benefits. Bony defects can be soundly reconstructed and, at the same time, the alignment of the knee can be corrected. Also it is not necessary to reconstruct the ligaments because the insertions are intact. If osteoarthritis progresses, a surface type total knee replacement can be performed, not constrained type prosthesis, which would be used if the bony structure had not been reconstructed. This procedure may be one of the candidates for reconstructing such knee joints destroyed by bone cement.     

多种技术联用治疗难治性骨髓炎的疗效分析

目的探讨应用Ilizarov骨搬移技术联合抗生素骨水泥片技术、Masquelet技术(膜诱导技术)等技术治疗长骨慢性骨髓炎的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2016年10月,新疆军区总医院创伤骨科联合应用病灶清除、Ilizarov技术、抗生素骨水泥片填充技术、膜诱导成骨技术、远端缓慢回缩技术等技术治疗的20例股骨、胫骨慢性骨髓炎和感染性骨不连患者。纳入标准：慢性骨髓炎合并骨不连或骨缺损的患者;经常规治疗效果差的患者;无影响治疗的合并症;病例资料完整的患者。排除标准：不符合疾病的纳入标准;存在活动性结核、肿瘤等疾病的患者;依从性差、不能按照医生要求调整外固定架的患者。记录上述患者是否需行皮瓣转移手术、带外固定架时间、全负重时间及是否出现复发情况。 结果所有患者均得到随访,随访时间平均(29.2±1.8)个月。均获得了良好的骨性愈合,所治疗患者感染均得到一期愈合,创面无需皮瓣转移或植皮均得到良好闭合,骨搬移结合处愈合良好。患者骨搬移长度平均(7.3±1.8)cm。所有患者未出现神经损伤,其中有两例患者术前存在腓总神经损伤,术后在骨搬移过程中出现不同程度的神经功能恢复。 结论应用Ilizarov的骨搬移和骨延长技术能有效治疗彻底清创后的骨缺损或肢体短缩问题,保证彻底清创、促进局部血运改善、不需要皮瓣覆盖也能愈合创面;抗生素骨水泥片起到占位器和膜诱导作用促进成骨;远端缓慢回缩有利于骨端愈合;多种方法联合应用,有效地提高了难治性骨髓炎的治愈率,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

瘤腔内钢板支撑联合骨水泥填充重建膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤扩大刮除后骨缺损

目的 探讨膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤扩大刮除后,应用锁定钢板内置于瘤腔支撑固定联合骨水泥充填骨缺损的临床效果.方法 回顾2007年2月至2011年2月,本组收治的膝关节周围CampanacciⅡ级骨巨细胞瘤16例,男7例,女9例,年龄21～43岁,平均29.3岁,其中初发12例,复发4例.手术采用扩大刮除、锁定钢板内置瘤腔支撑固定联合骨水泥充填重建骨缺损的方法,术后早期负重功能锻炼.结果 本组病例依照Jaffe组织学分级Ⅰ级5例、Ⅱ级11例,所有病例术前CT均显示瘤体较大,骨质破坏直径超过1/2骨直径,未穿破关节软骨,无病理性骨折,本组患者术后早期恢复良好,无出现严重并发症,1例术后伤口表浅感染,经换药后愈合,所有病例均随访2年以上,肿瘤复发2例（12.5%）,未出现关节面塌陷、骨折等并发症.肢体功能按Enneking评分平均（27±1.34）分.结论 对瘤体巨大并侵犯软骨下骨,骨强度及关节面稳定性受严重破坏的初发或复发性邻膝关节骨巨细胞瘤应用钢板内置的方法能增强骨水泥套的支撑力和骨强度,一定程度上避免行瘤段切除关节重建,减少术后骨折、关节面塌陷等远期并发症发生,利于关节功能恢复.     

胸腰椎转移瘤后路手术中骨水泥的应用

目的:探讨骨水泥在胸腰椎转移瘤后路手术中的应用价值.方法:2004年3月～21208年12月,后方入路手术治疗胸腰椎转移性肿瘤患者26例,原发肿瘤:肺癌9例,乳腺癌7例,肝癌4例,前列腺癌2例,肾癌1例,来源不明3例.病灶累及单节段17例,两节段9例.23例伴不同程度的腰背部疼痛:神经功能按Frankel分级:B级6例,C级7例,D级11例,E级2例.术中采用骨水泥联合椎弓根螺钉重建脊柱稳定性,其中骨水泥填塞15个椎体,骨水泥前方重建9个椎体,骨水泥椎体成形11个椎体,10例合并骨质疏松患者同时采用骨水泥加强椎弓根钉道.结果:术中未发现骨水泥放热效应引起的神经功能受损.24例患者获得完整随访,随访时间3～42个月,平均18.2个月,23例术前有不同程度腰背疼痛者术后疼痛消失6例,缓解14例;术前伴神经功能障碍者17例(77%)获得神经功能改善.随访期间未发现骨水泥下沉、椎节塌陷及向前成角.1例骨水泥填塞术后3个月骨水泥界面出现松动,但未引起神经压迫症状.15例随访期间死亡.结论:在胸腰椎转移性肿瘤后路手术治疗中,根据患者的全身情况、预期寿命、肿瘤类型、转移椎体位置及骨密度,充分利用骨水泥独特的理化特性,进行多种不同方式的应用,可以减小手术创伤,提高生存质量.     

骨水泥在单节段胸腰椎转移瘤后路手术中应用

目的探讨骨水泥在单节段胸腰椎转移瘤后路手术中的应用价值。方法2004年3月-2008年12月后方入路手术治疗单节段胸腰椎转移性肿瘤16例,原发灶为肺癌4例,乳腺癌3例,肝癌3例,前列腺癌3例,肾癌1例,来源不明2例。术前采用Tokuhashi评分系统对患者进行评估,术中均采用骨水泥联合椎弓根螺钉重建脊柱稳定性。Tokuhashi评分〈9分者10例,行病灶切除或刮除骨水泥填塞,Tokuhashi评分I〉9分者6例,行全脊椎切除骨水泥重建椎体。结果所有患者获得完整随访,随访时间为3—42个月,平均18．2个月,11例死亡。术后疼痛缓解13例,神经功能改善11例。未出现骨水泥放热效应引起的神经功能受损,未发现有骨水泥下沉、椎节塌陷及向前成角。1例骨水泥填塞术后3个月出现松动,但并未引起神经压迫症状。结论在单节段胸腰椎转移性肿瘤后路手术治疗中利用骨水泥进行椎体重建可以减小手术创伤、提高生存质量。     

经皮脊柱内镜治疗PVP/PKP骨水泥渗漏伴神经症状

[目的]介绍经皮脊柱内镜去除PVP/PKP骨水泥渗漏物致神经根损害的手术技术与初步临床疗效。[方法]2013年1月~2017年10月使用经皮脊柱内镜治疗13例PVP/PKP术后骨水泥渗漏导致神经根损害症状的患者。C型臂透视定位,以神经根致压处为靶点,穿刺处皮肤行一长约7 mm切口,插入工作通道与器械。去除椎板外侧缘或椎板上缘与关节突移行处的部分骨质、咬除部分黄韧带,显露硬膜囊外侧缘、神经根及渗漏的骨水泥。将硬化的骨水泥钳咬逐块取出,或以磨钻逐级磨除,镜下探查见神经根减压彻底、压迫解除。[结果]平均手术时间(92.35±18.62)min,术中、术后均未发生手术并发症。所有患者术后疼痛、麻木症状均有减轻。平均随访时间(5.60±0.24)个月,VAS评分由术前(8.53±1.38)分显著减少至术后即刻(3.61±0.82)分,术后1周(2.15±0.22)分,及末次随访时(0.79±0.15)分;末次随访时按MacNab的标准,临床结果优良率为84.62%。[结论]经皮脊柱内镜技术能有效将PVP/PKP渗漏的骨水泥取出,使神经根充分减压,获得满意的临床疗效。     

Temporary plugging of cystic bone tumors by bone cement (author's transl)]

Methylmethacrylate bone cement was used to refill bony defects following excisional biopsy of supposed benign or semimalign bone tumors. This procedure offers several advantages: the anatomical situation at the site of the lesion will not be altered, that means the functions of the joint and the continuity and stability of the bone will be preserved; the histological examination of the tissue is possible without a hurry; the follow up of the lesion is easily possible by X-ray-examination; further therapeutic procedures can follow without restriction, for example if the histology discovered an unsuspected malignant tumor or if the follow-up revealed a recurrency. In addition a favorable effect is the necrosis of tumor cells, eventually left behind in the bone, by the action of zytotoxic monomer and heat, originated during the polymerisation of the methylmethacrylate. In benign or semimalignant bone tumors the cement has to be removed after an adequate observation period; at this occasion the cavity again is curetted and then filled with autologous bone grafts. Since 1972 we treated 13 bone lesions by this method of "temporary bone cement plugging". The lesions were 5 giant cell tumors, 2 aneurysmal bone cysts, 2 simple bone cysts, 1 osteosarcoma, 1 malignant lymphoma, and 2 metastases of hypernephroid carcinoma. In the case of osteosarcoma an amputation was performed just after the diagnosis was made. In the other cases no local recurrances up to now were seen.     

Case Report: Reconstruction of the Distal Tibia with Porous Tantalum Spacer after Resection for Giant Cell Tumor

Treatment options for giant cell tumors of the distal tibia include curettage and cement packing, curettage and bone grafting, or resection and reconstruction for aggressive tumors. Curettage of aggressive tumors often leads to severe bone loss requiring reconstruction. Allograft and autograft may be effective options for reconstruction, but each is associated with drawbacks including the possibility of infection and collapse. We present a case of giant cell tumor of the distal tibia treated with curettage and arthrodesis using a porous tantalum spacer. Complete removal of the tumor and successful arthrodesis of the ankle were accomplished using the spacer. The patient returned to pain-free walking along with eradication of the giant cell tumor. We believe porous tantalum spacers are a reasonable option for reconstructing the distal tibia after curettage of a giant cell tumor with extensive bone loss.     

Treatment of giant-cell tumors of long bones with curettage and bone-grafting.

BACKGROUND: The use of curettage, phenol, and cement is accepted by most experts as the best treatment for giant-cell tumor of bone. The present study was performed to evaluate whether equivalent results could be obtained with curettage with use of a high-speed burr and reconstruction of the resulting defect with autogenous bone graft with or without allograft bone. METHODS: The prospectively collected records of patients who had a giant-cell tumor of a long bone were reviewed to determine the rate of local recurrence after treatment with curettage with use of a high-speed burr and reconstruction with autogenous bone graft with or without allograft bone. All of the patients were followed clinically and radiographically, and a biopsy was performed if there were any suspicious changes. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients met the criteria for inclusion in the study. According to the grading system of Campanacci et al., two patients (3 percent) had a grade-I tumor, twenty-nine (49 percent) had a grade-II tumor, and twenty-eight (47 percent) had a grade-III tumor. Seventeen patients (29 percent) had a pathological fracture at the time of presentation. The mean duration of follow-up was eighty months (range, twenty-eight to 132 months). Seven patients (12 percent) had a local recurrence. Six of these seven were disease-free at the latest follow-up examination after at least one additional treatment with curettage or soft-tissue resection (one patient). One patient had resection and reconstruction with a prosthesis after a massive local recurrence and pulmonary metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high rates of recurrence reported in the literature after treatment of giant-cell tumor with curettage and bone-grafting, the results of the present study suggest that the risk of local recurrence after curettage with a high-speed burr and reconstruction with autogenous graft with or without allograft bone is similar to that observed after use of cement and other adjuvant treatment. It is likely that the adequacy of the removal of the tumor rather than the use of adjuvant modalities is what determines the risk of recurrence.     

Thermal tissue damage caused by ultrasonic cement removal from the humerus

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound devices can selectively remove cement during revision arthroplasty. These instruments initially were designed for the hip and knee but also have been applied to the upper extremity. We describe a patient in whom a radial nerve palsy and a pathologic humeral fracture developed after ultrasonic cement removal was performed because of an infection at the site of a total elbow arthroplasty. Biopsies of the humerus, the triceps muscle, and the radial nerve showed widespread necrosis consistent with thermal injury. METHODS: A study involving six human cadaveric specimens was conducted to measure temperature elevations in bone and adjacent soft tissue during cement removal with use of an ultrasound device with and without irrigation. RESULTS: While temperature increased only minimally during cement polymerization, ultrasonic melting and removal of cement with use of constant energy delivery led to markedly elevated temperatures in the humeral cortex, the triceps muscle, and the radial nerve. These temperatures were above the known thresholds for thermal injury and necrosis. Subsequently, strategies designed to allow for safe ultrasonic cement removal from the humerus were applied, including intermittent delivery of energy and the use of cold irrigation between probe passes. These strategies resulted in markedly lower maximum temperatures in all tissues tested. CONCLUSIONS: Temperatures in the humerus, triceps, and, most importantly, the radial nerve can reach potentially dangerous levels when ultrasound technology is used to remove cement from the humerus. We suggest intermittent cold irrigation of the humeral canal, no tourniquet use, education of surgeons with regard to proper techniques designed to limit heat generation, and consideration of exposure and protection of the radial nerve when ultrasound devices are used.     

Constrained arthroplasty: its use and misuse

Constrained arthroplasty is occasionally needed to salvage a destroyed glenohumeral joint when the rotator cuff is nonfunctioning and when an unconstrained prosthesis will not suffice. There is a high failure rate because of the severe forces between such a device and the contiguous bone. Accordingly, it is essential to know the limitations of constrained arthroplasty and when it should be avoided. For example, when the bone of the glenoid vault is highly demineralized or deficient or if there is a history of seizure disorder or alcoholism, use of such a device is contraindicated. Postoperatively, excessive force and extremes of motion should also be avoided during the rehabilitation program to avoid bone fracture or dislocation of the prosthesis. Various complications have been observed with constrained arthroplasty, including dislocation, bone fracture, pullout of the glenoid, infection, radial nerve injury after extrusion of bone cement through the humeral cortex when the cement has been pressurized, and screw breakage in a relative small number of cases after metal fatigue and loosening of the glenoid component. When the glenoid component has pulled away from the glenoid vault, it may be necessary to remove this component; the humeral head may be fitted with a bipolar 40- to 44-mm acetabular component, thereby allowing at least preservation, if not the active function of the shoulder contour.     

Methylmethacrylate bone cement does not release histamine in patients undergoing prosthetic replacement of the femoral head

This study was designed to see if methyl methacrylate monomerbone cement released his tamine in 13 patients undergoing totalhip replacement surgery with a cemented prosthesis, comparedwith seven control patients receiving a cementless porous-coatedprosthesis. Blood samples for plasma concentrations of histaminewere obtained before the start of anaesthesia, immediately beforeinsertion of methylmethacrylate bone cement into the shaft ofthe femur in the cemented fixation group or before insertionof the femoral component of the prosthesis in the cementlessfixation group, and 15, 30 and 60 min after the start of implantationof the prosthesis. In both groups, changes in plasma histaminedid not differ significantly from baseline before implantationof cement. There were no significant differences between groups.We conclude that methyl-methacrylate bone cement does not releasehis tamine during total hip replacement surgery.     

The use of bone cement induces an increase in serum astroglial S-100B protein in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Cerebral microemboli can occur during arthroplasty with the use of bone cement. Astroglial S-100B protein is a sensitive marker of cerebral damage. Therefore, we designed this study to determine the effect of bone cement on the brain by investigating serum levels of S-100B protein in patients undergoing bone surgery with or without bone cement. Fourteen patients undergoing knee arthroplasty (n = 7) or reamed intramedullary nailing for tibial fracture (n = 7) requiring a pneumatic tourniquet were enrolled in this study. Bone cement containing polymethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate was used for every patient undergoing knee arthroplasty. Serum samples were obtained from venous blood before the induction of general anesthesia, 15 min after deflation of a pneumatic tourniquet, and 3 days after the operation. The serum level of S-100B protein was significantly increased 15 min after a pneumatic tourniquet deflation in the knee arthroplasty group compared with the tibial fracture group (0.41 and 0.08 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). In all patients studied, no neurological abnormalities were noted in the postoperative period. These results suggest that, in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty, bone cement may transiently induce astroglial injury, although it does not alter neurological outcome. IMPLICATIONS: Serum S-100B protein was significantly increased 15 min after a pneumatic tourniquet deflation in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty with bone cement, but not in those undergoing reamed intramedullary nailing for tibial fracture without bone cement. These results suggest that bone cement may transiently induce astroglial injury.     

Femoral nerve compression after migration of bone cement to the groin after hip arthroplasty

Although often a benign complication of total hip arthroplasty, cement extrusion can cause nerve, vessel, and organ compression. We report the case of a 70-year-old male patient in whom an extruded cement mass migrated anteriorly and compressed the femoral nerve and impinged on the femoral artery producing acute, severe groin pain with neuralgia 9 years postoperatively. Paresthesia of the anterior and medial thigh was found on examination. Radiographic, ultrasound, and computed tomographic studies confirmed a 6 × 1.5-cm mass of bone cement in the right groin compressing the femoral nerve that was removed successfully at surgery. Six months postoperatively, the patient's pain had resolved, but hyperesthesia of the medial thigh remained.     

Effects of bone cement particles on the function of pseudocapsule-derived fibroblasts

Background?Despite the wide clinical use of bone cement, little is known about cellular responses to the debris from this material. We thus investigated the effects of bone cement particles on the secretion of soluble osteotropic factors in prosthetic pseudomembrane-derived fibroblasts.

Methods?Bone cement particles were added to fibroblasts maintained in tissue culture. The secretions of soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin together with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The fibroblasts were also co-cultured with osteoclast precursors in the presence and absence of particles, and we assessed osteoclast formation and bone resorption.

Results?The particles produced an increase in the secretion of soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not osteoprotegerin. At a concentration of 88 particles/cell, bone cement particles yielded a 2-fold increase (327 pg/mL) in soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand secretion, a 5-fold (239 pg/mL) increase in interleukin-6 secretion and 4-fold (129 pg/mL) increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion. The particles also enhanced bone resorption in the co-culture group. Both the increase in soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand secretion and the increase in bone resorption were inhibited by the addition of neutralizing antibodies to the proinflammatory cytokines.

Interpretation?Our findings show that bone cement particles are capable of stimulating the secretion of soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand in pseudocapsule-derived fibroblasts by increasing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and may also promote implant loosening.     

骨肿瘤病段切除并骨缺损修复

目的 修复切除骨肿瘤后的骨缺损肢体,恢复其功能。方法 采用特制人工金属假体,带血管蒂游离骨、异体关节、自体骨、骨水泥等修复骨缺损。结果 26例中应用带血管蒂游离骨或自体骨植骨术愈合最佳并且无复发;异体骨移植有一定的排异反应;骨水泥堵塞只适用于特殊部位骨缺损的修复;人工假体修复,功能恢复良好。结论 对某些良性骨肿瘤及低度恶性的骨肿瘤作病段切除后,选择适当的替代物修复缺损行之有效。