甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的研究现状

甲磺酸阿帕替尼,一种小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI),作用于血管内皮生长因子受体-2(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2,VEGFR-2),强效抑制内皮细胞新生血管生成。阿帕替尼是在中国获得批准的第一代口服抗血管生成药物,用于晚期胃癌标准化疗失败的后续治疗。目前阿帕替尼单药或者联合其他治疗在晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中的临床研究正在积极开展,多数均显示一定生存获益。本文详细介绍近年阿帕替尼在晚期NSCLC中的研究现状,为后期临床应用提供参考。     

埃罗替尼治疗吉非替尼耐药的晚期非小细胞肺癌有效1例

晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）预后差,以化疗为主的联合治疗只能降低死亡风险26％-32％。近年来,非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗成为研究热点,其中尤以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR—TKI）进展最快,其代表药物吉非替尼（gefitinib、iressa）和埃罗替尼（erlotinib、tarceva）。我科用埃罗替尼治疗吉非替尼耐药的晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）一例取得了较好疗效,现报告如下。     

阿帕替尼联合消岩汤治疗晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌临床疗效观察

  目的  研究观察甲磺酸阿帕替尼片联合消岩汤治疗晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）的临床疗效。  方法  选取晚期非鳞NSCLC患者38例,随机分为阿帕替尼治疗组18例（A组）,阿帕替尼联合消岩汤加减方治疗组20例（B组）,二组治疗期间均未行手术及放、化疗。  结果  晚期非鳞NSCLC患者服用阿帕替尼后中位无进展生存期（median progression free survival,mPFS）可达3个月,阿帕替尼联合消岩汤组mPFS、客观缓解率（objective response rate,ORR）及疾病控制率（disease control rate,DCR）较阿帕替尼单药组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在改善临床症状及不良反应方面,阿帕替尼联合消岩汤组均优于阿帕替尼单药组（P < 0.05）。  结论  阿帕替尼联合消岩汤加减方治疗晚期非鳞NSCLC可改善患者临床症状,并降低不良反应的发生率。      

阿帕替尼治疗EGFR野生型晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及安全性

目的:探索阿帕替尼治疗表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growthfactor receptor,EGFR)野生型晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的疗效及安全性.方法:回顾性纳入62例本中心符合纳入标准的、接受阿帕替尼单药治疗晚期NSCLC患者,分析其疗效及不良...     

非小细胞肺癌EGFR-TKI耐药机制研究进展

晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的一线治疗正由传统的化疗向分子靶向治疗发展.根据肿瘤组织癌变驱动基因的改变,选择相应的靶向药物已成为晚期NSCLC一线治疗的发展方向.表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKI)目前已广泛用于NSCLC的治疗,其中女性、不吸烟、东亚人种及EGFR突变患者经EGFR-TKI治疗效果较好.IPASS、NEJ002、WJTOG3405、EURTAC等研究已证实EGFR-TKI 一线治疗EGFR突变的晚期NSCLC患者的疗效优于化疗,患者有明显的缓解率(response rate,RR)和无进展生存期(progress free survival,PFS)获益1].同时,OPTIMAL研究显示,厄洛替尼与吉西他滨/卡铂分别应用于EGFR突变的晚期NSCLC患者,厄洛替尼组总缓解率更高、无进展生存期更长、生活质量更好[2].     

奥希替尼治疗非小细胞肺癌的研究进展

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变的发现以及EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)疗效的证明，标志着非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)精准药物使用时代的到来。奥希替尼是针对EGFR TKI敏感突变和野生型EGFR T790M突变，同时保留野生型EGFR的第三代TKI。因其在临床试验中表现出的显著临床有效性和良好安全性，2015年及2016年初，美国及欧洲首次批准了奥希替尼用于接受EGFR TKI治疗后进展的EGFR T790M突变阳性的NSCLC患者的治疗，2017年3月奥西替尼正式在我国获批上市。本文主要就奥希替尼在NSCLC治疗中的研究进展进行综述。     

厄洛替尼治疗失败后埃克替尼靶向治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌1例报道

厄洛替尼和埃克替尼是一种选择性表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）——酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI）,在进展期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中具有靶向治疗作用。靶向药物治疗一般作为二线或三线用药,其治疗失败后很少有行之有效的治疗策略。本文报道1例晚期NSCLC厄洛替尼治疗失败后采用埃克替尼靶向治疗有效的病例。     

EGFR-TKI治疗非小细胞肺癌研究进展

吉非替尼和厄洛替尼均为小分子量表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI),已在化疗失败的晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)解救治疗中取得疗效,但仅对特定人群发挥作用。EGFR- TKI联合化疗一线治疗NSCLC并未能提高疗效;正在进行的临床研究聚焦于优势人群EGFR-TKI一线治疗或联合化疗的研究。     

阿帕替尼用于一线治疗进展后晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌的疗效和生存分析

背景与目的 晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的二线、三线化疗有效率较低,靶向药物的应用为部分患者带来生存获益.阿帕替尼是一种新型小分子抗血管生成药物,在多种恶性肿瘤治疗中展现出令人满意的抗癌活性.本研究旨在评价阿帕替尼用于一线治疗进展后晚期非鳞NSCLC的安全性和疗效.方法 回顾性分析128例晚期非鳞NSCLC不同治疗组患者的疗效和生存情况,用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox模型进行分析.结果 以单纯化疗组为对照,阿帕替尼单药组、单纯化疗组和阿帕替尼联合化疗组的中位无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS)分别为3.0个月(P=0.381)、3.7个月和6.0个月(P<0.001),中位总生存期(overall survival,OS)分别为6.0个月(P=0.494)、6.5个月和9.0个月(P=0.001).3级-4级不良反应发生率分别为18.5%、15.8%和16.0%(P=0.947).治疗方案(P=0.018)及体能状态(performance status,PS)(P<0.001)是PFS的独立影响因素,吸烟史(P=0.014)、治疗方案(P=0.002)和PS(P<0.001)是OS的独立影响因素.结论 阿帕替尼安全性高,肺癌一线治疗失败后,二线或三线化疗联合阿帕替尼,与单纯化疗相比,患者有PFS和OS获益,阿帕替尼单药与单纯化疗组间PFS和OS无明显差异;无吸烟史、PS 0分-1分和联合治疗的患者预后更好.     

厄洛替尼单药治疗EGFR突变的晚期NSCLC患者试验汇合分析

背景与目的 厄洛替尼被全球多个国家批准用于晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的二、三线治疗.有报道显示EGFR突变的患者应用厄洛替尼治疗疗效更好.本文拟探讨厄洛替尼单药治疗EGFR突变晚期NSCLC患者的疗效.方法 计算机检索MEDLINE(2004-2009)、CBMdjc(2004-2008)、CNKI(2004-2008),互联网检索以及纳入试验的参考文献.纳入相关临床试验,提取并汇总试验结果.结果 共纳入研究7篇,包括晚期非小细胞肺癌患者463例.厄洛替尼单药治疗EGFR突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,有效率达到66%,1年生存率达到73%,2年生存率达到5396,中位生存时间23个月以上,无进展生存时间8.6个月以上.结论 在当前研究的基础上,厄洛替尼单药一线和二线治疗EGFR突变的晚期NSCLC有效率高,无进展生存期和总生存期长,可以推荐作为EGFR突变的晚期NSCLC的首选治疗.尚需要更详尽的证据评价厄洛替尼单药方案或厄洛替尼与化疗联合方案与标准含铂化疗方案在治疗晚期NSCLC中的地位.     

EGFR-TKI一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌研究进展

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)-小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)已成为晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)一线治疗的研究热点.虽然与化疗同步联合未能显示出生存优势,但在序贯联合及维持治疗的初步研究中均延长无进展生存期;尤其在有EGFR突变的患者中,单药一线TKI能显著改善无进展生存;同时验证了EGFR突变是TKI治疗获益的有效预测指标.     

Apatinib Plus Chemotherapy Shows Clinical Activity in Advanced NSCLC: A Retrospective Study

Apatinib is an oral TKI with antiangiogenic properties, and it is currently approved for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer in China. This agent has also been tested in other human solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since the combination of chemotherapy and an antiangiogenic agent has been shown to be a feasible strategy in NSCLC, it is conceivable that a similar approach combining apatinib with chemotherapy may yield clinical activity. With this in mind, we investigated the efficiency of apatinib in combination with pemetrexed or docetaxel in advanced NSCLC. We treated a total of 20 patients with metastatic NSCLC adenocarcinoma with apatinib in combination with either pemetrexed or docetaxel from January 2016 to March 2017. The performance status of these patients was 0 or 1. All of these patients had been previously treated with two or more lines of treatment and had experienced disease progression prior to study enrollment. The overall objective response rate (ORR) was 30%, with 6 patients who had partial response (PR), 10 patients who had stable disease (SD), and 4 patients who had progressive disease (PD). The main adverse events were skin rash, hypertension, palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, diarrhea, and fatigue. Nearly 30% of patients required interruption of treatment as a result of toxicity. Our study demonstrated that apatinib combined with systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy has clinical efficacy in patients with disease-refractory metastatic NSCLC and provides evidence for further studies investigating apatinib-based combination regimens.     

Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in lung cancer: Perspective from the Asia–Pacific region

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB family that is frequently overexpressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer. The development of small molecule EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as gefitinib and erlotinib has resulted in paradigm shift in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. The impact of EGFR‐TKI in the treatment of NSCLC is even greater in Asia–Pacific region because one of the greatest clinical benefits of EGFR‐TKI has been seen in patients of East Asian ethnicity. The discovery of somatic mutations in EGFR‐tyrosine kinase domain has so far answered some, but not all, of the questions regarding the clinical response to EGFR‐TKI in NSCLC. In addition, other molecular profiles such as KRAS mutations have also been found to play an important role in EGFR targeted therapy. In this article, we review EGFR targeted therapy in NSCLC with the focus on perspective from the Asia–Pacific region.     

Surgical resection after gefitinib treatment in patients with lung adenocarcinoma harboring epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation

Gefitinib is the first approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who failed to respond to conventional chemotherapy. Gefitinib has fairly effective anti-tumour activity in patients with tumours harboring EGFR gene mutations. However, there has been no data about the preoperative gefitinib treatment in NSCLC patients. We reported here two cases of surgical resection of residual disease after dramatic response to gefitinib in patients with lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR gene mutation. Because both of our patients initially had advanced local tumour burden (bulky N2 disease), complete resection would not have been technically feasible. However, preoperative gefitinib treatment made it possible to achieve complete resection in both patients. We believe that clinical trials are required to evaluate the role of preoperative treatment of EGFR-TKIs in patients with locally advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR gene mutation.     

Beyond EGFR TKI in EGFR-mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients: Main challenges still to be overcome

First line epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) is the standard treatment in advanced EGFR-mutant Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients, with an improvement in response rate, progression free survival, and quality of life compared with upfront chemotherapy. However, in the real world, EGFR mutation results often return positive once chemotherapy has been started. Different clinical strategies have been tested in this situation: reserve the EGFR TKI until tumor become resistant beyond chemotherapy, stop chemotherapy and switch to EGFR TKI, introduce the EGFR TKI as a maintenance treatment, or combined strategies such as intercalated or concurrent EGFR TKI plus chemotherapy.     

Integration of EGFR inhibitors and conventional chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer

Introduction/Background

Given the limited gains of traditional chemotherapy in improving outcomes in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), recent research efforts have investigated the integration of targeted agents into the treatment algorithm.

Materials and Methods

Searches of PubMed and of recent results from key oncology congresses were performed to identify relevant articles and abstracts. Initial phase III trials combining the reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib with platinum-based doublets as first-line therapy failed to demonstrate an overall survival advantage in unselected patients with NSCLC. However, in recent years, there has been substantial progress in understanding the determinants of response to EGFR TKI therapy, including the presence of activating EGFR mutations, which has been reflected in clinical trials specifically evaluating these patient populations. In addition, evidence suggesting potential mechanistic interference between concurrent EGFR TKIs and chemotherapy has also been observed, fueling interest in sequential or intermittent dosing. EGFR-targeted agents such as the multitargeted TKI vandetanib and the next-generation EGFR TKIs afatinib (BIBW 2992) and PF00299804 are also under clinical investigation for the treatment of NSCLC, both alone and in combination with chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Trials evaluating various regimens of EGFR-targeted agents and chemotherapy are planned and/or underway and will hopefully define the role of integrated therapy in NSCLC.     

非小细胞肺癌EGFR-TKI耐药治疗策略再认识

【摘 要】肺癌是全球范围内首位癌性死亡因素,发病率、死亡率高,预后欠佳。作为一种分子靶向治疗手段,表皮生长因子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKI）为EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者提供了一个新的治疗方向,且疗效显著,然而不可避免的是EGFR-TKI耐药问题。鉴于Ⅰ／Ⅱ期临床试验结果,目前有关EGFR-TKI耐药治疗策略包括：EGFR TKI停药、继续EGFR-TKI、EGFR TKI+局部治疗、EGFR TKI+化疗、EGFR+其他分子靶向药物治疗、EGFR TKI再尝试、化疗、化疗+其他分子靶向药物治疗、EGFR TKI+免疫治疗等,前景值得期待。本文就当前NSCLC患者EGFR TKI耐药治疗进展作一综述。     

Successful treatment using apatinib with or without docetaxel in heavily pretreated advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: A case report and literature review

Although targeted therapy directed toward driver mutations has produced a significant efficacy benefit for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), many patients do not possess mutations associated with the approved targeted drugs. Angiogenic agents play an important role in the therapeutic strategy for advanced NSCLC. Apatinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. A phase II clinical trial demonstrated the survival benefit of apatinib monotherapy in advanced NSCLC. Moreover, addition of anti-angiogenic agents to chemotherapy showed robust efficacy in advanced NSCLC, regardless of tumor histology. Here, we present the case of a heavily pretreated lung adenocarcinoma patient who was treated with apatinib and apatinib continuation plus docetaxel re-challenge. He was negative for several driver genes, including EGFR, ALK, KRAS, ROS1, HER2, RET and BRAF. The previous treatment included platinum-based doublets, pemetrexed monotherapy, docetaxel plus bevacizumab, gefitinib monotherapy, nab-paclitaxel monotherapy, irinotecan plus oxaliplatin and radiotherapy. He obtained a partial response after both apatinib monotherapy and apatinib plus docetaxel treatment, with progression-free survival durations of 5 months and 6 months, respectively. This case indicated that apatinib monotherapy or apatinib plus docetaxel might be regarded as a therapeutic option for heavily pretreated patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC.     

晚期胃癌治疗的研究进展

目前,晚期胃癌的主要治疗手段仍以化疗为主,但其效果并不让人满意,近年来,出现了新的化疗药物及化疗方案,如三氟吡啶/替普拉西酯、FLOT化疗方案等。随着肿瘤分子生物学的不断深入,越来越多的靶向药物在胃癌的治疗中被证明有效,如VEGFR-2抑制剂阿帕替尼、抗VEGFR-2抗体雷莫芦单抗、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂阿法替尼等。免疫治疗也是胃癌综合治疗的热点之一,主要为免疫检查点抑制剂,包括程序性细胞死亡受体1检查点抑制剂纳武单抗、派姆单抗等。新药物的出现给晚期胃癌的治疗带来了新的机遇,本文将对目前晚期胃癌的化疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗等研究进展进行综述。